29 research outputs found
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aldol Reactions of Isatins Catalyzed by Phthalimido‐Prolinamide.
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Metabolite Profiling and Biological Activities of Extrolites from Aspergillus Turcosus Strain Kzr131 Isolated from Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India
No full textLabel Accuracy and Quality of Select Weight-Loss Dietary Supplements Sold on or near US Military Bases
No full textBackground/Objectives: Sixty-eight percent of service members are living with overweight or obesity, some who may not consult a healthcare provider when they decide to lose weight. Instead, they often turn to weight-loss dietary supplements for self-care solutions. The purpose of this case series study was to examine the label accuracy and quality of select weight-loss dietary supplements sold on or near US military bases across the country. Methods: Weight-loss dietary supplements (n = 44) were selected and purchased in GNCs, Exchanges, and Shoppettes across 12 military installations from March 2023 to January 2024. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to verify the label accuracy according to the Supplement Facts listed ingredients and whether they contained any ingredients prohibited for use in the military. Product label claims were analyzed using the Operation Supplement Safety (OPSS) Risk Assessment Scorecard. Results: Thirty-six products (82%) had inaccurate labels. Twenty-seven (61%) had ingredients listed on the label not detected through analysis. Sixteen products (36%) contained hidden ingredients. The four products purchased within one mile from the base listed multiple prohibited ingredients on the labels, with all detected. Forty (91%) products scored a “no-go” according to the OPSS Scorecard and none contained a third-party certification seal on the label. Multiple stimulants were included in products such that the product safety was unknown. Conclusions: The majority of weight-loss dietary supplements analyzed in this case series study had inaccurate labels and were considered a “no-go” according to the Scorecard. Service members should only have access to safe, high-quality dietary supplement products. OPSS is collaborating with the Department of Defense stakeholders to determine the most effective ways for service members to have access to third-party certified products on all military establishments
Phytochemical Profiles and In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activities of Extracts Obtained from <i>Limonium gmelinii</i> Using Different Extraction Methods
No full textLimonium (L.) gmelinii is a valuable pharmacopoeial Kazakhstani plant. Several studies have reported on the various biological activities of the plant. The purpose of our research was to study and compare the extraction yields, immunomodulatory activities, and chemical compositions of extracts from the above-ground parts of L. gmelinii obtained via conventional extraction (CE; Extract 1) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE; Extract 2). The extracts were characterized by a considerable number of polyphenols and flavonoids: 378.1 ± 4.5 and 382.2 ± 3.3 GAE mg/g, and 90.22 ± 2.8 and 94.61 ± 1.9 QE mg/g in Extract 1 and Extract 2, respectively. Extract 2 had a slightly higher extraction yield (33.5 ± 2.4%) than Extract 1 (30.2 ± 1.6%). Liquid Chromatography–Diode-Array Detection–Electrospray Ionization–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) revealed the presence of 54 biologically active compounds in both extracts. It was shown that the studied extracts stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 by intact mouse peritoneal macrophages and splenic lymphocytes, whilst they have an inhibitory effect on the secretion of these cytokines by activated immune cells. Both extracts demonstrated similar patterns of stimulation and inhibition in a splenocyte proliferation assay. Altogether, the L. gmelinii extracts obtained via CE and UAE might be suggested as effective immunomodulatory agents. The application of UAE for this purpose seems to be more efficient with a view of obtaining of a highly potent extract in a much shorter time
Applicability of LC-QToF and Microscopical Tools in Combating the Sophisticated, Economically Motivated Adulteration of Poppy Seeds
No full textMorphine and codeine are the two principal opiates found in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and are therapeutically used for pain management. Poppy seeds with low opiates are primarily used for culinary purposes due to their nutritional and sensory attributes. Intentional adulteration of poppy seeds is common, often combined with immature, less expensive, exhausted, or substituted with morphologically similar seeds, viz., amaranth, quinoa, and sesame. For a safer food supply chain, preventive measures must be implemented to mitigate contamination or adulteration. Moreover, the simultaneous analysis of P. somniferum and its adulterants is largely unknown. Pre- and post-processing further complicate the alkaloid content and may pose a significant health hazard. To address these issues, two independent methods were investigated with eight botanically verified and fifteen commercial samples. Microscopical features were established for the authenticity of raw poppy seeds. Morphine, codeine, and thebaine quantities ranged from 0.8–223, 0.2–386, and 0.1–176 mg/kg, respectively, using LC-QToF. In most cases, conventional opiates have a higher content than papaverine and noscapine. The analytical methodology provided a chemical profile of 47 compounds that can be effectively applied to distinguish poppy seeds from their adulterants and may serve as an effective tool to combat ongoing adulteration
Elderberry Extracts: Characterization of the Polyphenolic Chemical Composition, Quality Consistency, Safety, Adulteration, and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress- and Inflammation-Induced Health Disorders
No full textElderberry is highly reputed for its health-improving effects. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the consumption of berries is linked to enhancing human health and preventing or delaying the onset of chronic medical conditions. Compared with other fruit, elderberry is a very rich source of anthocyanins (approximately 80% of the polyphenol content). These polyphenols are the principals that essentially contribute to the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and the health benefits of elderberry fruit extract. These health effects include attenuation of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory disorders, as well as anti-diabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and immuno-stimulatory effects. Sales of elderberry supplements skyrocketed to $320 million over the year 2020, according to an American Botanical Council (ABC) report, which is attributable to the purported immune-enhancing effects of elderberry. In the current review, the chemical composition of the polyphenolic content of the European elderberry (Sambucus nigra) and the American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), as well as the analytical techniques employed to analyze, characterize, and ascertain the chemical consistency will be addressed. Further, the factors that influence the consistency of the polyphenolic chemical composition, and hence, the consistency of the health benefits of elderberry extracts will be presented. Additionally, adulteration and safety as factors contributing to consistency will be covered. The role of elderberry in enhancing human health alone with the pharmacological basis, the cellular pathways, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed health benefits of elderberry fruit extracts will be also reviewed
Analysis of Crocetins and Safranal variations in Saffron (Crocus sativus) Stigma Samples and Dietary Supplements using HPLC/UHPLC-PDA-MS: Chemical Profiling and Chemometric Analysis using LC-QToF
No full textSaffron, the most expensive spice in the world, is comprised of dried and dark red stigma of Crocus sativus L. flowers of the Iridaceae family. It is mainly used as a spice for imparting color, fragrance, and flavor to food, but its medicinal and dyeing properties are also well known. In the United States, saffron products are used as dietary supplements for mood elevation, relaxation, weight loss, and to increase metabolism. This paper describes two analytical methods for the determination of crocetin esters, picrocrocin, and safranal in saffron samples and dietary supplements for inclusion in a monograph under development by the American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Method validation showed satisfactory results in linearity, precision and recovery. The content of picrocrocin, safranal and crocetin esters ranged from 0.6-10.2%, 0.02-0.22%, and 2.8- 25.6%, respectively for thirty-seven stigma samples. Twenty-nine dietary supplements were analyzed. No saffron compounds were found in 16 (55%) of these products. Flower of Carthamus tinctorius and fruit of Gardenia jasminoides were the main adulterants detected in dietary supplements. Summarily, 60 compounds, including five standards were tentatively identified from saffron stigma, style, and petal samples using high resolution mass spectrometry. Principle component analysis was used to discriminate between saffron stigma samples and dietary supplements. The results indicated that commercial products are of variable quality and that this analytical method is suitable for quality assessment of a variety of both raw material and finished dietary supplements.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/pharm_annual_posters_2024/1015/thumbnail.jp
Estimation of boswellic acids in herbal formulations containing Boswellia serrata extract and comprehensive characterization of secondary metabolites using UPLC-Q-Tof-MSe
No full textBoswellia serrata is a widely used herb in Indian systems of medicine and is well known for its potential medicinal properties. A chromatographic method was developed for the analysis and quantification of six boswellic acid marker compounds, i.e., keto boswellic acid (1), 3-O-Acetyl 11-keto β-boswellic acid (2), ɑ-Boswellic acid (3), β-Boswellic acid (4), 3-O-Acetyl-ɑ-boswellic acid (5) and 3-O-Acetyl-β-boswellic acid (6) in commercial herbal products containing B. serrata as an ingredient. Combining UPLC with Q-Tof-MS/MS makes the better identification of secondary metabolites and adulterants in the herbal formulations containing B. serrata in rapid time using fragmentation approach than the traditional approaches. In this study quantification of boswellic acids with UPLC-PDA method was performed as per the pharmacopeia guidelines. Furthermore, minor phytochemical constituents were identified and characterized with the help of LC-Q-Tof-MS/MS fragmentation data and various isoforms of boswellic acids and tirucallic acids in B. serrata oleo-gum-resin extract were identified. Keywords: Boswellia serrata, Herbal formulations, Quantification, UPLC-Q-tof-MSe, Boswellic acids, Tirucallic acid
