2,560 research outputs found
Government intervention in industrial R & D: Some lessons from the international experience for India
No full textThere is now substantial empirical evidence, based essentially on the experience of developed countries, that there is underinvestment in industrial R&D consequent to the gradual withdrawal of the state. It is generally observed that government can solve this problem of underinvestment in two ways: by increasing the profits of innovators, or by undertaking R&D in areas where the private sector underinvests. An examination of the nature of government intervention in developed countries show that it is increasingly moving towards the latter variety. However, contrary to normal impression, the extent of government intervention in industrial R&D in India is of the former variety. The state has been using tax incentives as the major instrument for stimulating R&D by production enterprises. Direct grants, which has become the dominant instrument of intervention in the west, is considered to be better as it can be targeted towards specific projects. In fact the efficacy of tax incentives to encourage R&D requires further scrutiny. The state in India also have to intervene for making available technically trained manpower to engage in industrial R&D radically redesigning the higher education system, by improving the incentive system for those working in the R&D system etc. The paper thus underscores the fact that there is enough space for the Indian state to increase its interventionist role in industrial research contrary to the arguments for its gradual withdrawal.appropriability, government intervention, industrial R&D system, technology policy
FIGURES 1A–D. C in A new species and a key to species of the genus Coptotettix Bolivar, 1887 from India (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea, Tetrigidae)
No full textFIGURES 1A–D. C. korbensis sp. nov. A, Male Dorsal view; B, Male, lateral view; C, Female Dorsal view; D, Female lateral view.Published as part of Gupta, Sunil Kumar & Chandra, Kailash, 2017, A new species and a key to species of the genus Coptotettix Bolivar, 1887 from India (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea, Tetrigidae), pp. 146-150 in Zootaxa 4299 (1) on page 147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/83506
FIGURES 2A–E. A in Euparatettix dandakaranyensis sp. nov. (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae) — a new pygmy grasshopper species from Central India
No full textFIGURES 2A–E. A, fore leg (external view); B, mid leg (external view); C, hind femur (external view); D, hind tibiae; E, tarsus and pulvilli.Published as part of Gupta, Sunil Kumar, 2016, Euparatettix dandakaranyensis sp. nov. (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae) — a new pygmy grasshopper species from Central India, pp. 118-124 in Zootaxa 4097 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/26235
FIGURE 4. Hedotettix cristatus brachypronotal morphology. A in On the specific status of Hedotettix cristatus Karny, 1915 (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae)
No full textFIGURE 4. Hedotettix cristatus brachypronotal morphology. A male holotype (photo S. Ingrisch), C-D specimens Kaohsiung (photo yunol).Published as part of Skejo, Josip & Gupta, Sunil Kumar, 2015, On the specific status of Hedotettix cristatus Karny, 1915 (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae), pp. 584-592 in Zootaxa 4018 (4) on page 590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/23488
FIGURE 2. Comparative head morphology. A in On the specific status of Hedotettix cristatus Karny, 1915 (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae)
No full textFIGURE 2. Comparative head morphology. A) Hedotettix cristatus and B) Hedotettix punctatus (males A, C; females B, D) (A and D photo S. Ingrisch, B photo S. Young, C photo S. K. Gupta).Published as part of Skejo, Josip & Gupta, Sunil Kumar, 2015, On the specific status of Hedotettix cristatus Karny, 1915 (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae), pp. 584-592 in Zootaxa 4018 (4) on page 588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4018.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/23488
FIGURE 1. A–M in A new pygmy grasshopper species (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae) from Central India
No full textFIGURE 1. A–M. Ergatettix subtruncatus sp. nov. A–K (Female) L–M (Male): A. Body in dorsal view; B. Body in lateral view; C. Antenna; D. Head frontal ridge; E. Tegmen; F. Paranota; G. Fore leg (external view); H. Mid leg (external view); I. Hind leg (external view); J. Pulvilli; K. Ovipositor in lateral view; L. Body in dorsal view; M. Body in lateral view.Published as part of Gupta, Sunil Kumar, 2016, A new pygmy grasshopper species (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae) from Central India, pp. 280-286 in Zootaxa 4097 (2) on page 283, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/26411
FIGURE 1 A–H in Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Tetrigidae, Tetriginae) a new pygmy grasshopper species from India
No full textFIGURE 1 A–H. Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. Female A, Body in dorsal view; B, Body in lateral view; C, Head in frontal view. D, Antenna; E, Fore legs in external view; F, Hind femur in external view; G, Mid leg in external view; H, Pulvilli and hind tarsus.Published as part of Gupta, Sunil Kumar, Shi, Jian-Ping & Chandra, Kailash, 2016, Zootaxa 4173 (5) on pages 466-475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4173.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/15987
A novel functional calibration method for real-time elbow joint angles estimation with magnetic-inertial sensors
No full textMagnetic-inertial measurement units (MIMUs) are often used to measure the joint angles between two body segments. To obtain anatomically meaningful joint angles, each MIMU must be computationally aligned (i.e., calibrated) with the anatomical rotation axes. In this paper, a novel four-step functional calibration method is presented for the elbow joint, which relies on a two-degrees-of-freedom elbow model. In each step, subjects are asked to perform a simple task involving either one-dimensional motions around some anatomical axes or a static posture. The proposed method was implemented on a fully portable wearable system, which, after calibration, was capable of estimating the elbow joint angles in real time. Fifteen subjects participated in a multi-session experiment that was designed to assess accuracy, repeatability and robustness of the proposed method. When compared against an optical motion capture system (OMCS), the proposed wearable system showed an accuracy of about 4° along each degree of freedom. The proposed calibration method was tested against different MIMU mountings, multiple repetitions and non-strict observance of the calibration protocol and proved to be robust against these factors. Compared to previous works, the proposed method does not require the wearer to maintain specific arm postures while performing the calibration motions, and therefore it is more robust and better suited for real-world applications
FIGURES 2A–J. A, C in A new species and a key to species of the genus Coptotettix Bolivar, 1887 from India (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea, Tetrigidae)
No full textFIGURES 2A–J. A, C. korbensis sp. nov. vertex; B, C. annandelei vertex; C, C. korbensis sp. nov. head showing frontal region; D, C. annandelei head showing frontal region; E, C. korbensis sp. nov. subgenital plate; F, C. korbensis sp. nov. tegmina; G, C. korbensis showing hind tarsal segment pulvilli; H, C. annandelei showing hind tarsal segment pulvilli; I, C. annandelei showing tegmina; J, C. korbensis sp. nov. lateral posterior region of pronotum.Published as part of Gupta, Sunil Kumar & Chandra, Kailash, 2017, A new species and a key to species of the genus Coptotettix Bolivar, 1887 from India (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea, Tetrigidae), pp. 146-150 in Zootaxa 4299 (1) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/83506
Inefficiency and institutional issues in the provision of merit goods: A case study of public water supply in rural Kerala
No full textThis paper discusses the issues of inefficiency in the provision of merit goods, taking the case of public water supply in rural Kerala. The analysis has identified two source of inefficiency in the provision of merit good. First, is due to the fact that the state and its agencies autonomously decide the nature and characteristics of the merit good. If the nature of good provided is not preferred by the people, or its consumption require effort on the part of citizens, these may lead to the non-consumption of the good by a large number of people. Thus, the definition of safe water as pipe water (from a centralised system) in the case of Kerala, lead to its effective non-use by a significant part of rural population. The second source of inefficiency in the provision of merit good, is in the selection of the institutional framework. The acquisition and free distribution of water by the state agency, is the prevailing institutional framework in Kerala, and this is inappropriate in efficiently solving the drinking water problem of different localities, taking their specific characteristics into account. The paper outlines a logical framework, which can be used to identify the necessary mechanism of government intervention in water supply in different localities.merit good; rural water supply; institutional choice and inefficiency; new institutional economics; Kerala
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