207 research outputs found
ERRATUM: "FRAMES OF SUBSPACES FOR BANACH SPACES"
No full text The authorship of this paper should read as S. K. Kaushik and Varinder Kumar. </jats:p
Laboratory Investigation of Dry Lean Concrete with Copper Slag
No full textAt present about 33 million tonnes of copper slag is generated annually worldwide, India
contributing 6 to 6.5 million tones of this slag. As per scientific estimate, for every tonne of
copper metal produced, around 1.8-2.2 tonnes of slag is generated. In states like Kerala,
Maharashtra and Gujarat, sand mining in rivers has already been banned owing to its
disastrous impact ecology. “Therefore, slag has a big potential of getting developed as a
suitable alternative material to these resources”. With increasing shortage of river sand and
natural aggregates across the country, construction sector is under tremendous pressure to
explore alternative to these basic construction material to meeting growing demand of
infrastructure demands.
The reuse of waste materials derived from industry waste is growing all over the world. One
of the most environmentally responsible ways of meeting the challenges of sustainability in
construction is the use of slag in new construction. The main objective of the study is to
investigate the effect of using copper slag in lieu of natural fine aggregate on strength
properties of Dry lean Concrete.
Dry Lean Concrete (DLC) is an important part of modern rigid pavement. It is a plain
concrete with a large ratio of aggregate to cement than conventional concrete and generally
used as a base/sub-base of rigid pavement. The compaction of DLC is done under 10 to 12T
vibratory roller in field , that’s why it is also known as Roller – Compacted Concrete or RCC
concrete.
From all the combination it is observed that Density is maximum(2.571 g/cc) of the mix (SCS-
20-80) where 20% Fine Aggregate and 80% Copper Slag at 5.0% moisture content from
this we can say that density of mix increases with the increases of copper slag in the mix and
it uses less moisture content. It is due to the density of copper slag is more that the densities
of sand and copper slag also having a less water absorption.
From all the combinations of mixes it observed that Compressive Strength of 28days is
maximum(22.49 N/mm2) of the mix S-CS-60-40 at 5.0% moisture content
From all combination it is concluded that although 28days compressive strength is Maximum
in the Mix S-CS-60-40 but compressive strength (28 days) of Mixes S-CS-40-60 & S-CS-20-
80 are also very near to the maximum strength 22.35 N/mm2 and 21.98 N/mm2 respectively
at the same moisture content
Sustainable civil engineering : principles and applications
No full textThis reference text establishes linkages between the user industries and the providers of clean technologies and sustainable materials for a rapid transformation of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The text covers several aspects of sustainable applications including clean technologies, climate change and its effects, sustainable buildings (smart cities), sustainability in road construction, sustainable use of geosynthetic, innovative materials, and sustainable construction practices. The text will be useful for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers in the fields of civil engineering and other infrastructure-related professionals and planners. The book: Discusses clean technologies and sustainable materials in depth Covers concepts of sustainability in road construction, and water retaining structures Examines environmental policies and practices Discusses climate change and its effects in a comprehensive manner Covers sustainable buildings including smart cities As this book discusses concepts related to sustainable civil engineering practices in a single volume, it will be an ideal reference text for everyone aiming at developments of sustainable infrastructures. © 2023 selection and editorial matter Varinder Singh Kanwar, Sanjay Kumar Shukla, Siby John and Harpreet Kandra; individual chapters, the contributor
Fruit recognition and quality detection based on different classifiers: a case study of Apple
No full textM.Tech-Computer Science ApplicationThe ability to identify the fruits based on quality in the food industry is very important now a days where every person has become health conscious. There are different types of apples available in the market. However, to identify best quality apples is cumbersome task. Therefore, the need arises to develop an algorithm that can detect the apples and classify it in order to increase its market value. Moreover, recognizing and classifying the both types of apples which are harvested and which are not harvested with same algorithm is not possible in one go. Therefore, the researchers proposed two different types of approaches for recognizing the apples in the images, one in which apples are harvested and other in which apples are not harvested. For the type of images in which apples are not harvested, one approach is used in which analysis is performed on the basis of color and shape. For the type of images, in which apples are not on the tree, another approach is used in which analysis is performed on the basis of edge and shape. After recognizing the apple in the respective image, quality is checked by different classifier (SVM and KNN). Proposed apple recognizing technique analyzes, identifies and classifies apple successfully up to 89.16% accuracy by SVM and up to 93.33% by KNN.Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Univrsity, Patial
Word Sense Disambiguation for Punjabi Language
No full textThe recent eruption of data in different natural languages on the internet has necessitated the
development of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The major impediments in the
development and implementation of NLP are the scarcity of the standard datasets, knowledge
resources, language tools and ambiguity resolution. Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a
critical and essential task for machine translation, information retrieval, question answering
and sentiment analysis, etc. NLP tasks.
The objective of WSD is to automatically select the appropriate sense of an ambiguous word
based on the context of the word. The WSD process identifies the different senses for every
word relevant to the text or discourse under consideration from the sense inventories such as
dictionaries, thesaurus, ontologies, and WordNet. Then it involves a mean to assign the
appropriate sense to each occurrence of a word in context. Thus WSD needs the representation
of common sense and encyclopaedic knowledge to resolve the sense of ambiguous words.
Recognizing the proper sense of a word in context by a computer is defined as an AI-complete
complexity problem. There are two different types of WSD, namely targeted WSD and allwords WSD. The targeted WSD resolves the ambiguity of an ambiguous target word, usually
occurring one per sentence. The all-words WSD disambiguates all open-class words (noun,
adverb, verb, adjectives) in a text. In this research work, targeted WSD was implemented.
India is a multilingual country having 22 national languages. Interlanguage processing tasks
like machine translation, question answering, sentiment analysis, cross-lingual search, etc., are
highly applicable problems in India. The Punjabi language is the official language of the Indian
state of Punjab, and it is the world’s 10th most widely spoken language. The Punjabi diasporas
are present globally, and there is a need for the Punjabi NLP tasks to connect them to the
Punjabi language successfully. It motivated us to explore the field of WSD for the Punjabi
language. WSD has been successfully designed and developed for the English language.
However, there are many differences in the language structure of English and Punjabi, which
arise different challenges while performing sense disambiguation on the Punjabi text dataset.
In this research work, the systematic review has explicitly portrayed WSD in Indian languages.
A review methodology has followed with the help of the framed research questions. The
renowned electronic databases and the topmost conferences were explored to include the
relevant studies of WSD for Indian languages. The existing status of the WSD for Indianiv
languages has categorised as per the different families of the Indian languages. The evolution
of WSD for Indian languages and their publication time is reported. This research has reviewed
and analysed the WSD for Indian languages based on the techniques, knowledge resources and
evaluation methods. The review of the standard Senseval/Semeval evaluation workshops for
WSD field has been presented. The findings of this research work, such as the available raw
corpora, sense tagged corpus, dictionaries, WordNet and pre-processing linguistic tools of
different Indian languages, will help the researchers. The comprehensive survey presented in
this research work would assist the researchers in choosing the most suitable WSD in the
specific domain and the pertinent future directions. The availability of the Punjabi WordNet
has motivated us to implement the Punjabi WSD
Retrofitting of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using bonded laminates
No full textPh.D. (Civil Engineering)Reinforced concrete is one the most abundantly used construction material, not only in the developed world, but also in remotest parts of the developing world. Thousands of reinforced concrete structures are constructed annually and a large number of these deteriorate or become unsafe before the end of their design life. Strengthening of existing reinforced concrete structures is now a major component of construction activity. The RCC structures constructed across the world are often found to exhibit distress and suffer damage, even before service life is over, due to several causes such as earthquakes, corrosion, overloading, improper design, faulty construction, explosions, fire etc. With the mandate to go vertical, due to rising population and space crunch, most of the structures which have come up over the last three or more decades are all framed structures. In such structures, the most important link for transferring loads and stresses are the beam-column joints. The structural design of these joints is usually neglected. Unsafe designs and detailing within the joint region is dangerous for the entire structure, even though the structural members themselves may conform to the design requirements. It is well known that the joint regions in reinforced concrete framed structures are very critical as they transfer the forces and bending moments between the beams and columns. In most cases, during extreme loading, the beam-column joints, if not designed properly are the most vulnerable component. With the advent of revised design and detailing codes and increase in the earthquake vulnerability level of many regions, the existing structures need strengthening to conform to the revised codal provision.
The strengthening and enhancement of the performance of deficient structural elements in a structure or the structure as a whole is referred to as retrofitting. Retrofitting of a structure is not the same as repair or rehabilitation. Repair refers to partial improvement of the degraded strength of a structure after an earthquake, in fact, it is only a cosmetic treatment. Rehabilitation is a treatment of the structure aimed at achieveing the original strength of the structure after it has deteriorated and suffered damage. Retrofitting means structural strengthening of a structure to a predefined performance level irrespective of whether the structure is damaged or not.
The repair or strengthening of an existing structure is a greater challenge for a civil engineer compared to designing or constructing a new one. A specfic technology has to be designed and developed to re-establish the strength of damaged structures, and to improve the performance for new functions of old undamaged structures. Thus, the technique to be used should be simple in implementation; offer better performance when handled by less experienced workers and must use materials that are readily available, durable, strong and economical. Retrofitting of individual members is referred to as ‘local retrofitting’. For this, a large number of techniques are being used including replacement technique, removal, injection technique, shotcreting and plate bonding etc. Amongst all the above techniques the plate bonding technique is found to be the most efficient and suitable method for retrofitting purposes. In the plate bonding technique, Ferrocement Plates, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Plates, Polymer modified concrete and mortar (PMC/PMM) and Steel plates are most commonly used for retrofitting. Of this techniques the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Plates has gained significant popularity in the last two to three decades. But this technique is costly and requires skilled labour. Various authors have suggested the use of ferrocement jacketing as a more attractive choice in place of FRP plate bonding technique due to its easy application, lesser weight, higher impermeability, improved tensile strength, economical use, and long life term performance.
In the present study, an effort has been made to study the effect of ferrocement jacketing on the strength of retrofitted beam-column joints. The studies have been carried out for various parameters like number of wire mesh layers and their orientation in the ferrocement jackets and initial stress levels of the beam-column joints. The effect of these parameters on the strength of reinforced concrete beam-column joints initially stressed to pre-determined levels, and subsequently retrofitted with ferrocement jackets was investigated. A similar set of beam-column joints was also retrofitted using two layers of CFRP jackets with an orientation of 45° to the longitudinal axis of the joint, to study the behavior of such beam-column joints.
Subsequently, a 3D nonlinear finite element (FE) model using software ATENA-3D was used to validate the experimental results. Comparison between the finite element and experimental results confirms a reasonable accuracy of the proposed model.
The test results showed that retrofitting beam-column joints with different layers of wire mesh in the ferrocement jackets and two layers of CFRP jacketing significantly increased the ultimate and yield load carrying capacity, stiffness of all the joints stressed to various levels, establishing the efficacy of using the material for retrofitting. The use of ferrocement and CFRP jacketing for retrofitting of initially stressed beam-column joints helped to regain full strength even if stressed to 85% of the ultimate load. Due to the strengthening of beam-column joints of control specimens, the failure of the retrofitted beam-column joint specimens shifted from the joint region to the beam ends in the retrofitted specimens. This would help in preventing progressive collapse of the structure. The retrofitting of the beam-column joints may thus shift the failure from the joint to the beam end to obtain a weak beam- strong joint failure pattern. The comparison between the load-deflection results obtained from ATENA 3D and the experimental study shows that the ATENA 3D results agree reasonably with the experimental results. The variation of experimental and FEM (ATENA 3D) load results for the control as well as retrofitted specimens was within ± 10%. The element modeling (ferrocement and CFRP) showed higher values as compared to the experimentally obtained values.Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University, Patial
Synthesis, Spectral Studies and Therapeutic Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds
No full textNot availabl
A Comprehensive and Systematic Survey on the Internet of Things (IoT): Challenges and Solutions for Security and Privacy
No full textThe Internet of Things is spreading significantly in every sector, including the household, a variety of industries, healthcare, and emergency services, with the goal of assisting all of those infrastructures by providing intelligent means of service delivery. An Internet of Vulnerabilities (IoV) has emerged as a result of the pervasiveness of the Internet of Things (IoT), which has led to a rise in the use of applications and devices connected to the IoT in our day-to-day lives. The manufacture of IoT devices are growing at a rapid pace, but security and privacy concerns are not being taken into consideration. These intelligent Internet of Things devices are especially vulnerable to a variety of attacks, both on the hardware and software levels, which leaves them exposed to the possibility of use cases. This master’s thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with regard to security and privacy in the area of applications, security architecture frameworks, a taxonomy of various cyberattacks based on various architecture models, such as three-layer, four-layer, and five-layer. The fundamental purpose of this thesis is to provide recommendations for alternate mitigation strategies and corrective actions by using a holistic rather than a layer-by-layer approach. We discussed the most effective solutions to the problems of privacy and safety that are associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) and presented them in the form of research questions. In addition to that, we investigated a number of further possible directions for the development of this research
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