1,095 research outputs found
Compositional Analysis Of Foreign Currency Reserves In The 1999-2007 Period. The Euro Vs. The Dollar As Leading Reserve Currency
No full textUsing a critical analysis of the acquired data, this article mainly aims to present the currency composition of the foreign currency reserves of central banks in selected countries in the 1999-2007 period and, on this basis, to establish whether the euro stands any real chances of dethroning the US dollar as the global currency. Among other things, the empirical results, for the most part overlapping with the theoretical and empirical expectations, confirm the hypothesis that in the near future the euro may be regarded as a global reserve currency on a par with the US dollar or it may even become the leading reserve currency. Finally, the empirical analysis also shows that the proportion of the euro in foreign currency reserves differs by the groups of countries concerned; however, in the period under scrutiny it was mainly increasing.international monetary system, international currency, foreign currency reserves, dollar, euro
Fault delineation study using soil–gas method in the Dharamsala area, NW Himalayas, India
No full textJustice Surinder Singh Nijjar: an outstanding legal mind imbued with a vision
No full textJustice Nijjar’s long journey in the Indian judiciary represents a diversity of roles and cases to which he brought his leadership. His judgments and contributions made him one of the most outstanding legal minds. Today, we must celebrate his innovation and vision, and how it transformed the way we look at many aspects of justice, especially alternative dispute resolution in India
A direct microwave M-QAM adaptive transmitter for fixed wireless ATM networks
No full textWireless ATM plays a key role in the realization of broadband wireless networks. The transmission of various classes of traffic and the provision of bandwidth on demand over a wireless channel poses a number of new technical challenges. This thesis addresses the design of a low cost adaptive transmitter for fixed wireless ATM/B-ISDN systems with emphasis on optimum use of wireless network resources. A new architecture for a direct microwave wireless ATM transmitter is proposed. The transmitter capacity adaptation is implemented by using an admission control metric and an M-QAM modulator. The two main components of the transmitter are: an M-QAM control unit and a direct microwave QAM modulator unit. The M-QAM control unit is used to select an optimum modulation level for the QAM modulator. The modulation level is adjusted based on the bandwidth demand, QoS requirements, and outage conditions of the wireless ATM link. The direct microwave QAM modulator unit transforms the broadband traffic to a modulated microwave signal that is suitable for transmission over a wireless network. The required bandwidth of the broadband traffic is estimated using an effective bandwidth metric. An analytical relation, called the capacity reduction factor, is derived to represent the performance degradation due to the wireless channel and channel fading in a B-ISDN network. Using the effective bandwidth metric and the capacity reduction factor, a QoS metric for the wireless broadband network is introduced. This metric is termed as, modified effective bandwidth. This metric is used to adapt the M-QAM modulator. Another significant contribution of this research work is a new architecture for the direct QAM modulator. This is based on use of PIN diode reflection attenuators. The PIN diodes operate in forward bias condition thereby overcoming the speed limitation problem due to charge storage. Using residue theory, analytical results to model the large signal forward bias operation of PIN diodes are presented. This theory also examines the transition time of a PIN diode with bias changes from a reverse bias to a forward bias. The direct microwave QAM modulator implementation using MIC and silicon MMIC technologies is examined. While a realization using MIC is simple and straightforward, a silicon MMIC realization offers a very cost effective solution. A system study was conducted to examine the operation of the adaptive direct microwave M-QAM modulator in the wireless channel with ATM traffic. The operation has been examined for different wireless channels and for various classes of traffic. The call acceptance and outage performance are compared with those for a fixed QAM modulator. The results show that the proposed system can be used for implementation of cost effective adaptive transmitters for broadband wireless applications
Investigation of surface roughness and material removal rate for UD-GFRP composite using Taguchi grey relational analysis
No full textThe influence of solar radiations to the physical and structuralproperties of CR-39
No full textLong chain polymers owe many of their properties to the structural
arrangements of their molecules and are extensively used for many industrial and
applied sciences. One of such application is their perspective use in the field of
solid-state nuclear track detectors. However they are profoundly influenced by low
LET radiations exposure and new structural arrangements may emerge. CR-39 is one of
the most popular polymeric track detectors, however its aliphatic nature restricts
its applications. Thus in the present investigations the damage densities produced
by solar radiations to the polymer have been estimated by analyzing the structural,
physical and etching properties of the polymer. The polymer is found to be highly
sensitive towards solar radiations and great changes in physical and structural
properties of polymer have been observed. The sensitivity of the polymer has been
found to decrease by 83.40% during eight months.The influence of solar radiations to the physical and structuralproperties of CR-39
Sangeeta Prasher1*, Mukesh Kumar2 and Surinder Singh3
1Department of Physics, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Vidyalaya Marg, Jallandhar-144 004,
Punjab, India
2Department of Physics, Lovely Proffessional University, Phagwara-144 402, Punjab,
India
3Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005, Punjab, India
E-mail : [email protected] of Physics, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Vidyalaya Marg, Jallandhar-144 004,
Punjab, India
2Department of Physics, Lovely Proffessional University, Phagwara-144 402, Punjab,
India
3Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005, Punjab, Indi
SOURCES OF PEAK SIGNAL VARIATION FROM A THIN PLATE IMPACT SENSOR MEASURING PARTICLE RADIUS
No full textThis thesis identifies and examines the sources responsible for the variations in
the peak signal from a thin plate impact sensor used to measure particle radius. Steel
spherical particles, dropped onto a thin aluminium plate that is simply supported on
all sides, cause plate vibrations that are detected by a piezo-electric transducer. The
peak positive signal from the sensor is used as a measure of the radius of the impacting particle. The thin plate impact sensor is a simplified version of a sensor from a commercial device known as the grain loss monitor. Earlier experiments using the grain loss monitor sensor to measure the radius of particles, reported an unexplainable peak sensor signal variation. An Experimental and a theoretical analysis of this problem using the thin plate impact sensor, shows that small changes in impact position result in large changes in the peak sensor signal.
Experiments using six steel spheres, ranging in radius from 3/32 inches to 8/32
inches, impacting onto a square 1/32 inch thick aluminium plate, show that the peak
sensor signal and the degree of sensitivity of the peak signal to changes in impact
position depends on. the location of the impact site. Specifically, for the impact
locations tested, this sensitivity exhibits a minimum at approximately 2 cm from the
transducer and a maximum sensitivity at the transducer site. Therefore, using these
results, a hypothetical change in the impact position of approximately 0.1% of the
lateral dimension of the plate, or about 0.5 mm, results in the peak sensor signal
exhibiting changes, for all the particles tested, that average 4.7%, 3.9%, 1.9%, and
4.5% of the peak at impact locations at approximately 0 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm
from the transducer, respectively. The peak sensor signal also shows an almost linear
response to changes in particle radius at a.ll impact positions tested, indicating that
the peak signal of this particular sensor configuration provides a measure of particle
radius.
A theoretical model and analysis of the thin plate impact sensor identifies the factors that influence the generation of the peak sensor signal and indicates that changes in the impact position are the most likely cause for changes in the peak sensor signal. Numeric simulations, using the theoretical model to approximate the experimental thin plate impact sensor, confirm that the sensor signal and its spectra change with impact location and particle radius to a degree that is similar to that seen in the experimental results. However, the simulated peak sensor signals are not accurately modelled and is due to the simple transducer model having difficulty reproducing the large signal response of the transducer.
An extension of the theoretical and experimental results to the grain loss monitor
sensor in sizing steel spheres suggests that unperceived changes in impact position
of approximately 0.4% of the sensor's lateral dimension, or changes in distance
of about 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm in the shortest and longest lateral plate dimensions,
respectively, could result in a standard deviation of 16% of the mean peak sensor
signal
Isothiocyanates: Promising Chemical Substance for Environmental Remediation
No full textThe lack of proper waste management as well as enforcement policies in many countries of the world have resulted in environmental pollution problems including the discharge of pollutants into water from many sources, including agriculture, tannery industries, micro-plastics, industrial and domestic waste. Wastewater effluents are significant contributors to a number of water and soil pollution problems. Scientific and technological advancements have benefited society, however, , the environmental pollution resulting from the discharge of contaminants, especially from industrial and agricultural sources is a major concern for the environment and society, creating the need for new and effective research in wastewater treatment, industrial discharge management, water and soil remediation technologies and management. Among the water availability problems faced globally, obtaining safe and clean water is a problem that needs the urgent attention of the scientific and research communities. This chapter summarizes the potential applications of isothiocyanates as promising materials for water and soil clean-up. The exploitation of isothiocyanates as chemical substances to eliminate pathogens in water and soil due to their good antimicrobial action is also highlighted. Isothiocyanates have versatile applications such as elimination of toxic metal ions from water and soil, metal nanoparticles (Nps) from aqueous medium, extraction of gold from electronic waste, adsorption of organic pollutants such as dyes, and antimicrobial action against pathogens in water and soil
Isothiocyanates: Promising Chemical Substance for Environmental Remediation
No full textThe lack of proper waste management as well as enforcement policies in many countries of the world have resulted in environmental pollution problems including the discharge of pollutants into water from many sources, including agriculture, tannery industries, micro-plastics, industrial and domestic waste. Wastewater effluents are significant contributors to a number of water and soil pollution problems. Scientific and technological advancements have benefited society, however, , the environmental pollution resulting from the discharge of contaminants, especially from industrial and agricultural sources is a major concern for the environment and society, creating the need for new and effective research in wastewater treatment, industrial discharge management, water and soil remediation technologies and management. Among the water availability problems faced globally, obtaining safe and clean water is a problem that needs the urgent attention of the scientific and research communities. This chapter summarizes the potential applications of isothiocyanates as promising materials for water and soil clean-up. The exploitation of isothiocyanates as chemical substances to eliminate pathogens in water and soil due to their good antimicrobial action is also highlighted. Isothiocyanates have versatile applications such as elimination of toxic metal ions from water and soil, metal nanoparticles (Nps) from aqueous medium, extraction of gold from electronic waste, adsorption of organic pollutants such as dyes, and antimicrobial action against pathogens in water and soil
Ein weltweiter Zwiespalt
No full textJan Banning, Will Tinnemans: Zu Tisch bei den Dienern des Staates. In: Geo, Heft 8/2008, S. 24-44, hier S. 26, verweisen am Beispiel des indischen Finanzbeamten Surinder Kumar Mandal auf ein universales Dilemma bürokratischen - und folglich auch archivarischen - Tuns und Handelns: Weiß Mandal, was in den Akten steht? Natürlich. Steuerbescheide lagern dort; ein Gesetz schreibt vor, dass sie 50 Jahre lang aufbewahrt werden müssen. Dass sie auffindbar sein sollen - darüber gibt es keinen Paragra..
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