1,882 research outputs found
Interstate Transport of CO and BC and other relevant model evaluation data
No full textThis zip file contains four sub-folders and 4 other files which are used in Bhardwaj et al., 2020 submitted in JGR:Atmospheres
1. bc_data : contains 15 files
12 netcdf files (2014*_bc.nc) for each month having co-located WRF and observation data
2 files (BC_seasonal_*.txt) which contains all BC surface observations over India from Kumar et al., (2015)
2. comp_MOPITT : contains 8 files
4 netcdf files (wrf_mop_tc_co_*.nc; for four seasons defined in the paper) with WRF and MOPITT total CO column data
4 netcdf files (wrf_mop_co_*.nc; for four seasons defined in the paper) with WRF and MOPITT CO profile data.
3. comp_TRMM contains 12 monthly netCDF files (comp_wrf_trmm_prec_2014*.nc) with WRF and TRMM data used in this study
4. NOAA_NCDC_ISD contains six netcdf files (wrf_obs_*.nc) for six regions (defined in this study) with co-located temperature and wind speed observations over India. The file also has WRF data for the same sites
Two “wrfchemi_*z_d01” input emission files which are used for making emission flux (the above files) and mixing ratio plots (below files)
Two files “state_contri_2014.nc” and “region_contri_2014.nc” have all information on interstate CO, BC for every six hours during 2014 from 30 states or six regions. These files are used for most plots in Bhardwaj et al., 2020
The Path to Purchase during Shopping
Get PDFIncreasingly shopping behaviour is being seen from the holistic perspective of the entire shopping experience. The experiential view of shopping takes a far more holistic approach to the consumption process, right from involvement to post purchase usage. The decision making process and value perceptions could vary depending on individual shopping orientations, the cultural orientations as well as the economic and competitive environment in which the consumer shops (Woodruffe, Eccles and Elliott, 2002). This study will attempt to understand the impact of the major factors on the purchase behaviour of shoppers by examining purchase paths across different product categories signifying different shopping orientations; across culturally distinct regions; and across different stages of retail evolution.
Upsell_Downsell_Follow_up_Survey_-_Brands_Removed – Supplemental material for Assessing the Customer-Based Impact of Up-Selling Versus Down-Selling
No full textSupplemental material, Upsell_Downsell_Follow_up_Survey_-_Brands_Removed for Assessing the Customer-Based Impact of Up-Selling Versus Down-Selling by Tim Norvell, Piyush Kumar, and Sunil Contractor in Cornell Hospitality Quarterly</p
Upsell_Downsell_Survey_-_Brands_Removed_Supplement – Supplemental material for Assessing the Customer-Based Impact of Up-Selling Versus Down-Selling
No full textSupplemental material, Upsell_Downsell_Survey_-_Brands_Removed_Supplement for Assessing the Customer-Based Impact of Up-Selling Versus Down-Selling by Tim Norvell, Piyush Kumar, and Sunil Contractor in Cornell Hospitality Quarterly</p
Synthesis and characterization of biocompatible bimetallic-semi-aromatic polyester hybrid nanocomposite
No full textFunding Information: Dr. Piyush Kumar Gupta is thankful to the Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India for providing infrastructure and research facilities. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.Nanocomposites have been broadly used in bioelectronic, biosensing, photocatalytic, and bioimaging. Moreover, its use in bioengineering field is emerging continuously. The present study reports first-time the synthesis of a novel bimetallic-semi-aromatic polyester hybrid nanocomposite. The obtained MnFe2O4-poly(tBGE-alt-PA) hybrid nanocomposite was physicochemically characterized. FTIR analysis confirmed the synthesis of hybrid nanocomposite. XRD data showed the crystal nature of hybrid nanocomposite due to MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs). TGA study presented the thermostable nature of hybrid nanocomposite and DSC analysis exhibited the absence of chemical interactions between the copolymer and MnFe2O4 NPs in hybrid nanocomposite. Further, the net negative charge was measured on the surface of this almost spherical hybrid nanocomposite. Later, we observed the biocompatible and hemocompatible nature of nanocomposite and in future, it may open many novel avenues in various fields of biomedical science.Peer reviewe
Point of Purchase Communication: Role of Information Search, Store Benefit and Shopping Involvement
Get PDFPoint of Purchase (PoP) is the place where a customer is about to buy the product. This is the crucial point where the exchange takes place. It offers us a last chance to remind or attract customers. In spite of a considerable expenditure on point of purchase material by companies, there is a lack of an established method of measuring the effectiveness of communication at the retail outlet. The current study is an attempt to define and measure the extent of usage of PoP by consumers while shopping. It explores the phenomenon with the help of an experimentation using two main variables; level of information search and store benefits sought. It uses shopping involvement as a mediating variable. During the course of study scales for usage of PoP communication and shopping involvement were developed. In-depth interviews were carried among shoppers to understand their motivations and gratifications with regard to shopping. The interview findings were used to develop scales, which were tested before being used during the experiment. The experiments involved building scenarios specific to shopping situations. Participant observations were carried out at stores with different formats. The study found that all the three variables were significant in terms of main as well as interaction effects. Based on the findings the authors suggest a framework for enhancing the effectiveness of PoP Communication.
The impact of media richness on consumer information search and choice
No full textConsumers' make decisions based on information gathered from sources that vary in the richness of the medium. Some media are rich, and include video and audio components, while others are lean and consist solely of text. This paper examines whether consumer's information search and the number of options that they consider when making choices depend on the richness of the medium from which consumers gather information. A series of experimental studies shows that an improvement in media richness reduces the cost of information search and increases the number of options that consumers consider when making choices. These studies also show that consumers tend to rely more on stimulus-based information when media richness is high and more on memory-based information when media richness is low. An investigation of the underlying process shows that perceived cost mediates the relationship between media richness and information search
Set up errors in Brain tumours – A retrospective study to review the current practice of PTV margins in the institution
Get PDFSet up errors in Brain tumours – A retrospective study to review the current practice of PTV margins in the institution
Chaturvedi D.1 , Mehta A.2 , Kumar P.3*
1 Diksha Chaturvedi, Junior Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
2 Ankita Mehta, Senior Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
3* Piyush Kumar, Professor and Head, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Piyush Kumar, Professor and Head, Department of Radiation Oncology, all authors are affiliated to Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy in brain tumors needs accuracy and reproducibility of the patient’s position. There may be set up errors which are taken care by adding planning target volume (PTV) margin. Lesser PTV margins may lead to tumor miss or greater margins may lead to unnecessary radiation of normal brain tissue. The present study is done to evaluate whether the current practice of PTV margins in our institute is optimum or not.
Materials and methods
Eleven patients of brain tumours who received adjuvant radiotherapy were retrospectively selected for determining the setup errors. These patients were immobilised in supine position and contrast enhanced CT of head was taken for radiotherapy planning. Delineation of gross tumor volume and clinical target volume was done with 5 mm PTV margin. The treatment was delivered by 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy or Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Technique. The set up errors in three dimensions were determined retrospectively for all images. PTV margins were calculated using International Commission on Radiation Units And Measurements Report 62, Stroom’s and Van Herk formulae.
Results
The overall population set up error was 0.034,-0.048, 0.028 in X, Y, Z directions respectively. The population systematic error was calculated to be 0.107, 0.069, 0.092 and population random error was 0.221, 0.202, 0.217 in X, Y, Z directions respectively. The calculated setup margin as per the three formulas was less than 5 mm in all directions.
Conclusion
The present study showed that the institutional protocol of 5 mm is optimum to counter the setup errors. 
What Impact Has Air Pollution on Health of Human Beings and Environment? Is There Any Relation Between COVID-19 & Air Pollution?
No full text12 Pages Posted: 22 Jun 2021
Dr. Piyush Kumar
Government of Bihar; Government of Bihar - Department of Health
Date Written: June 10, 2021
Abstract
Almost all the countries around the world are experiencing high levels of air pollution. How does pollution impact our body in times of COVID-19? Air pollution and related climatic-environmental changes is one of the prime concern and biggest challenge globally in 21st century faced by most of the nations. The global impact of this public health problem can be assessed and understood from the data of morbidity and mortality as well as DALY (disability adjusted life years) & QALY (quality adjusted life years), YLL (years of life lost) measurements. Today global air is having several varieties and types of air pollutants which are taking lives of people on daily basis and the death count may be more as compared to COVID-19 deaths. The finest and smallest particulate matters present in air as byproducts of several human and industry related activities are able to infiltrate the respiratory system through inhalation while breathing, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular system(CVS) diseases, reproductive and central nervous system(CNS) diseases and malfunctioning as well as various carcinoma. Ozone (O3) protects us from harmful effects of UV (ultra violet) radiations which can cause cancers, skin diseases as well as mutations etc but at the same time it is harmful when in high concentration at ground level, affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Added to this other pollutants present in air such as nitrogen oxide(NO), sulfur dioxide(SO2), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are all important air pollutants which are known to be harmful to human beings. Carbon monoxide (CO) can bind with haemoglobin (Hb) very tightly (not allowing oxygen to be released at tissue level causing tissue hypoxia) forming carboxy-haemoglobin which can cause poisoning when breathed in at high levels. Heavy metals for example lead (Pb) can lead to direct poisoning (plumbinism or saturnism) or chronic intoxication can lead to a variety of CNS, GIT(gastrointestinal tract), and reproductive system diseases, depending on the exposure. Air pollution usually causes respiratory problems such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiolitis, lung cancer, cardiovascular events, central nervous system dysfunctions, and cutaneous diseases. Added to this, the climate change resulting from environmental pollution affects the geographical distribution of many infectious diseases like natural disasters as well as affects social and environmental determinants of health. The only way to tackle this problem is through public health awareness, strategies to reduce air pollution as well as environmental protection measures with a multidisciplinary Intersectoral approach by scientific experts of national and international organizations. The global leaders must address the emergence of this threat and propose sustainable and suitable solutions to deal this challenging issue.
Note: Funding Statement: -Self sponsored. No aid taken from individual or agency etc.
Declaration of Interests: There are no conflicts / competing of interest
Ethics Approval Statement: Not applicable. This study has not involved any human or animals in real or for experiments.
Keywords: COVID-19, air pollution, environment, health, disease, policy, pollutant, public health
Suggested Citation:
Kumar, Piyush and Kumar, Piyush, What Impact Has Air Pollution on Health of Human Beings and Environment? Is There Any Relation Between COVID-19 & Air Pollution? (June 10, 2021). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3864125 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.386412
- …
