278 research outputs found
Design and Analysis of Wideband Single-Layer Reflectarray Antenna for Remote Sensing and Environmental Monitoring
No full textIn this article, a wideband single-layer reflectarray antenna for Ku-band applications is presented. The proposed reflectarray antenna is suitable for applications such as fixed satellite service (FSS), broadcasting satellite service (BSS), earth exploration satellite service (EESS), remote sensing, and environmental monitoring. The developed single element of the proposed reflectarray antenna is made up of a horizontal strip, discrete vertical strips of varying sizes, and circular structures. The reflectarray antenna has 441 elements arranged on a square aperture made of Rogers 5880 substrate, measuring 21 cm × 21 cm. The maximum gain obtained is 26.31 dBi, with a bandwidth of 15.4% of 1 dB gain. The achieved aperture efficiency is 44.4%. The obtained cross-polarizations are less than −21.46 dB for the E-plane and −25.27 dB for the H-plane. The side lobe level is found below −15.06 dB in the E plane and −15.7 dB in the H plane. The side lobe level is minimal at 13.5 GHz, measuring less than −18.2 dB and −18.5 dB in the E and H planes, respectively. The reflectarray antenna designed has a fractional bandwidth of 40%. Hence, the developed antenna is suitable for wide Ku-band applications
Comparative secretome analysis of Colletotrichum falcatum identifies a cerato-platanin protein (EPL1) as a potential pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane
No full textColletotrichum falcatum, an intriguing hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen causes the devastating red rot disease
of sugarcane. Repeated in vitro subculturing of C. falcatum under dark condition alters morphology and reduces
virulence of the culture. Hitherto, no information is available on this phenomenon at molecular level.
In this study, the in vitro secretome of C. falcatum cultured under light and dark conditions was analyzed
using 2-DE coupled with MALDI TOF/TOF MS. Comparative analysis identified nine differentially abundant
proteins. Among them, seven proteins were less abundant in the dark-cultured C. falcatum, wherein only
two protein species of a cerato-platanin protein called EPL1 (eliciting plant response-like protein) were found
to be highly abundant. Transcriptional expression of candidate high abundant proteins were profiled during
host-pathogen interaction using qRT-PCR. Comprehensively, this comparative secretome analysis identified
five putative effectors, two pathogenicity-related proteins and one pathogen-associated molecular pattern
(PAMP) of C. falcatum. Functional characterization of three distinct domains of the PAMP (EPL1) showed
that the major cerato-platanin domain (EPL1 Δ N1–92) is exclusively essential for inducing defense and hypersensitive
response (HR) in sugarcane and tobacco, respectively. Further, priming with EPL1 Δ N1–92 protein
induced systemic resistance and significantly suppressed the red rot disease severity in sugarcane.
Biological significance
Being the first secretomic investigation of C. falcatum, this study has identified five potential effectors,
two pathogenicity-related proteins and a PAMP. Although many reports have highlighted the influence of
light on pathogenicity, this study has established a direct link between light and expression of effectors, for
the first time. This study has presented the influence of a novel N-terminal domain of EPL1 in physical and
biological properties and established the functional role of major cerato-platanin domain of EPL1 as a potential
elicitor inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the study has identified proteins that
putatively contribute to virulence of C. falcatum and for the first time, demonstrated the potential role of EPL1
in inducing PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in sugarcane
Physical Activity Patterns Among School Children in India
No full textOBJECTIVE:
To assess the prevalence of physical activity and its relation with socio-demographic variables and eating habits among school-aged children in India.
METHODS:
The study incorporated secondary analysis of anthropometric measurements and questionnaires on lifestyle and dietary habits of 1,680 school children aged between 3 and 11 y, obtained while carrying out the OBEY-AD project. The inventory contained questions about several variables concerning to physical activity, educational background, lifestyles and eating habits for both children and parents. Questions were organized along specific contents, which could be informative topics, picture choices and multiple answers choices.
RESULTS:
Prevalence of inactivity was 21% and exhibited significant variations between cities. Physical activity was significantly associated to socio-economic status and consumption of fruits and vegetables. No association could be revealed with children's BMI.
CONCLUSIONS:
Health-promotion interventions aimed at improving healthy lifestyles in Indian children should focus on population strata with low socio-economic status
Abstract 2342: TNFAIP8 promotes prostate cancer cell survival by modulating autophagy
No full textAbstract
TNF-α inducible protein (TNFAIP8) is an antiapoptotic protein with roles in tumor cell growth and survival. Mechanisms of cell survival by TNFAIP8 remains elusive. In the current study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism related to TNFAIP8 in the modulation of cell/cycle, autophagy and drug resistance/cell survival in prostate cancer cells. Microarray data from PC3 prostate cancer cells ectopically expressing TNFAIP8 demonstrated modulation of cell cycle related genes such as CDKs, CDCs and PCNA. Immunoblotting data from overexpression of TNFAIP8 in PC3 cells shows upregulation of cell cycle proteins cyclin A, cyclin B1, Myt1 and Chk1. However, no change in cell cycle was found. Phosphorylation of Histone-S10, CDC2-Tyr15 and Wee1-S642] was also observed. Autophagy plays an important role in tumor cell survival. We evaluated the effects of TNFAIP8 in modulating autophagy. Overexpression of TNFAIP8 leads to induction of autophagy. TNFAIP8 positively modulates the expression/stabilization of autophagy markers and effectors such as LC3β I/II, Beclin1, 4EBP1, oncogene p62 and SIRT1. Knockdown of TNFAIP8 inhibits autophagy induced by nutrient starvation in PC3 prostate and MCF7 breast cancer cells. We also evaluated cell growth and survival in PC3 cells. We demonstrate that TNFAIP8 promotes cell growth and proliferation in PC3, LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, we have found that TNFAIP8 increase resistance against anticancer drugs docetaxel and doxorubicin. These data collectively suggest that by the creation of cellular autophagy events TNFAIP8 promotes cell survival and drug resistance in prostate cancer cells.
Citation Format: Suresh Niture, Malathi Ramalinga, Habib Kedir, Deepak Kumar. TNFAIP8 promotes prostate cancer cell survival by modulating autophagy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2342. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2342</jats:p
Advances in proteomic technologies and their scope of application in understanding plant–pathogen interactions
No full textProteomics, one of the major tools of ‘omics’ is evolving phenomenally since the development and application
of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry at the end of twentieth century. However,
the adoption and application of advanced proteomic technologies in understanding plant–pathogen interactions
are far less, when compared to their application in other related fields of systems biology. Hence, this review is
diligently focused on the advances in various proteomic approaches and their gamut of applications in different facets of phyto-pathoproteomics. Especially, the scope and application of proteomics in understanding fundamental concepts of plant–pathogen interactions such as identification of pathogenicity determinants (effector proteins), disease resistance proteins (resistance and pathogenesisrelated proteins) and their regulation by post-translational modifications have been portrayed. This review, for the first time, presents a critical appraisal of various proteomic applications by assessing all phyto-pathoproteomics-related research publications that were published in peer reviewed journals, during the period 2000–2016. This assessment has revealed the present status and contribution of proteomic applications in different categories of p phytopathoproteomics, namely, cellular components, host–pathogen interactions, model and non-model plants, and utilization of different proteomic approaches. Comprehensively, the analysis highlights the burgeoning application of global proteome approaches in various crop diseases, and demand for acceleration in deploying advanced proteomic technologies to thoroughly comprehend the intricacies of complex and rapidly evolving plant–pathogen interactions
Evaluating stucturally different pectic oligosaccharides in inhibiting adhesion of e. coli 0157:H7 to human gut epithelial cells in vitro
No full textBacterial adhesion to glycosylated cellular surfaces is a major concern in human health and disease. Inhibition of bacterial adhesion by suitable carbohydrates may lead to an anti-adhesion therapy as a novel prophylactic approach against bacterial infections and a potential alternative to the use of antibiotics. Selections of six pectic oligosaccharides derived from citrus peel albedo, which were different in terms of their monosaccharide composition and physical properties, were evaluated for their ability to interfere with the adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to HT29 cells in vitro. Attachment was determined in the human HT29 cell line by viable count of adherent bacteria. Most of the pectic oligosaccharides in buffer at pH 7.2 were anti-adhesive at a dose of 0.001 - 0.05 mg/ml, reducing adhesion of E.coli by 50 - 90% and concentrations of 0.5 - 5 mg/ml resulted in less than 50% reduction of adhesion to no effect. Based on the results, lower concentrations were more effective in reducing adhesion when compared to the higher concentrations. The pectic oligosaccharides with a homogalacturonan structure, low molecular weight and lower degree of esterification were the most effective in reducing the adhesion when compared to the oligosaccharides with an arabinose rich rhamnogalacturonan structure with higher molecular weight and higher degree of esterification. These results show that the pectic oligosaccharides with different monosaccharide composition and physical properties can display a wide range of anti-adhesive activity.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Malathi Srilakshmi Vakkalank
CfPDIP1, a novel secreted protein of Colletotrichum falcatum, elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response in tobacco
No full textColletotrichum falcatum, a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, causes one of the major devastating diseases of sugarcane-red rot. C. falcatum secretes a plethora of molecular signatures that might play a crucial role during its interaction with sugarcane. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a novel secreted protein of C. falcatum that elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. The novel protein purified from the culture filtrate of C. falcatum was identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS and designated as C. falcatum plant defense-inducing protein 1 (CfPDIP1). Temporal transcriptional profiling showed that the level of CfPDIP1 expression was greater in incompatible interaction than the compatible interaction until 120 h post-inoculation (hpi). EffectorP, an in silico tool, has predicted CfPDIP1 as a potential effector. Functional characterization of full length and two other domain deletional variants (CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 and CfPDIP1ΔN1-45) of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins has indicated that CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 variant elicited rapid alkalinization and induced a relatively higher production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in sugarcane suspension culture. However, in Nicotiana tabacum, all the three forms of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins triggered HR along with the induction of H2O2 production and callose deposition. Further characterization using detached leaf bioassay in sugarcane revealed that foliar priming with CfPDIP1∆1-21 has suppressed the extent of lesion development, even though the co-infiltration of CfPDIP1∆1-21 with C. falcatum on unprimed leaves increased the extent of lesion development than control. Besides, the foliar priming has induced systemic expression of major defense-related genes with the concomitant reduction of pathogen biomass and thereby suppression of red rot severity in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the results have suggested that the novel protein, CfPDIP1, has the potential to trigger a multitude of defense responses in sugarcane and tobacco upon priming and might play a potential role during plant-pathogen interactions
A Cross-Layer Multicast-Push Unicast-Pull (MPUP) Architecture for Reliable File-Stream Distribution
No full textThe growing deployment of OpenFlow/SDN networks makes it increasingly possible to leverage network multi-cast services. This work proposes a novel cross-layer Multicast- Push Unicast Pull (MPUP) architecture that includes functionality in the application, transport and link layers to offer users a reliable file-stream distribution service to multiple subscribers. A prototype implementation of the MPUP architecture was realized in a new version of Local Data Manager (LDM), LDM7, a software program that has been in use since 1994 for real-time meteorology data distribution. LDM6, the currently deployed version, uses application-layer multicast. Experiment were run on the GENI infrastructure to compare LDM7 and LDM6. The two main findings are (i) LDM7 can be run at a higher sending rate than LDM6 allowing for improved performance (lower file-delivery latency), and (ii) to achieve the same performance, LDM7 uses significantly lower bandwidth and compute capacity. A three-fold improvement in performance improvement was possible with LDM7, and a bandwidth reduction from 350 Mbps to 21.4 Mbps was observed with 24 receivers.Peer reviewe
Computational model based approach to analysis ventricular arrhythmias: Effects of dysfunction calcium channels
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