156 research outputs found
Recent Advances in Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: A Mini-Review
No full textSolar energy–driven carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to valuable solar fuels/chemicals (e.g., methane, ethanol, and carbon monoxide) using particulate photocatalysts is regarded as one of the promising and effective approaches to deal with energy scarcity and global warming. The growth of nanotechnology plays an eminent role in improving CO2 reduction (CO2R) efficiencies by means of offering opportunities to tailor the morphology of photocatalysts at a nanoscale regime to achieve enhanced surface reactivity, solar light absorption, and charge separation, which are decisive factors for high CO2R efficiency. Notably, quantum dots (QDs), tiny pieces of semiconductors with sizes below 20 nm, offering a myriad of advantages including maximum surface atoms, very short charge migration lengths, size-dependent energy band positions, multiple exciton generation effect, and unique optical properties, have recently become a rising star in the CO2R application. In this review, we briefly summarized the progress so far achieved in QD-assisted CO2 photoreduction, highlighting the advantages of QDs prepared with diverse chemical compositions such as metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, carbon, metal halide perovskites, and MXenes. © Copyright © 2021 Park, Murali, Modigunta, In and In.1
Variation in the Lobar Pattern of the Right and Left lungs A Case Report
No full textThe anatomical knowledge of the fissures and the lobes of the lung are important for accurate interpretation on CT scans. The right lung classically has two fissures, an oblique and a horizontal, dividing it into three lobes namely upper, middle and lower. Left lungs have one fissure, oblique fissure which divides it into two lobes namely upper and lower lobes. The absence of horizontal fissure in right lung and anomaly of the lobar pattern has been described by many research workers on CT scans. Whereas, there are fewer studies on gross anatomical specimens. In the present case during routine dissection in department of Anatomy, we encountered an anomalous lobar pattern of right lung we report one horizontal and two accessory fissure dividing the right lung into 4 lobes and absence of oblique fissure in right lung. Also the presence of horizontal fissure in the left lungs dividing it into three lobes. The knowledge of anatomical variations of lung fissures is essential for clinicians, surgeons, and for radiologist to recognize various images of related abnormalities because an accessory or anomalous fissure can be mistaken for a lung lesion or an atypical appearance of pleural effusion Dr. Shobha G | Dr. Jeevan Kumar Giri | Dr. Pratikshya Majagaiyan | Dr. Manu Krishnan | Dr. Santosh Singrapu "Variation in the Lobar Pattern of the Right and Left lungs: A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18755.pd
Optimization of lipid enriched biomass production from oleaginous fungus using response surface methodology
No full text979-983Oleaginous microorganisms have emerged as
potential sources of oils for biodiesel production. To replenish as an
alternative to the vegetable oils, higher lipid accumulating strain coupled
with process optimization is indispensable. In the present study, response
surface methodology (RSM) based central composite design (CCD) was used for
optimization of lipid content from oleaginous fungus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Aspergillus sp. Maximum lipid yield of 73.07% (w/w) was achieved at
3% (v/v) inoculum volume, pH 5,
glucose 1% (w/v), urea 0.5 % (w/v) and incubation time of 5 (days). Biomass
(2.08 g/L) having a lipid content of 73.07 % (w/w) with major constituents of
hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and 9-Octadecenoic
acid methyl ester were obtained. The lipid composition signifies that from the
oleaginous microbe are highly encouraging and desirable to be considered as
diesel substitute
Impact of Nano additives on optimized Mahua Bio-diesel Performance
No full textIn both industrial and transportation sectors, petroleum consumption has been increasing tremendously. It is known that increase in demand of fossil fuels leads to exhaust of petroleum products in future. Biofuel is a fuel made by chemically reacting alcohol with vegetable oils, fats, or greases, such as recycled restaurant greases. The metal-based additives are used in order to improve the quality of fuel by reducing the unburn hydrocarbons in IC engines, to minimize the exhaust gas harmful emissions. In the present experimental work, an attempt is made at investigating the effect of Aluminum oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles addition in Mahua biodiesel in a single cylinder water cooled direct injection four stroke diesel engine. Initially experiments are conducted to optimize the blend of transeterified Mahua oil with diesel fuel with respect to Combustion, performance and emission parameters. The nano fluids have been prepared from 50 ppm concentrations of Aluminum oxide and copper oxide separately, through an ultra-sonication process. For optimized biodiesel of Mahua oil, the effect of nano additives on Combustion characteristics viz cylinder pressure, Heat release rate, performance parameters such as BTE, BSFC and emission parameters HC, CO, CO2, NOx emissions were evaluated and compared. In CI engines, with biodiesel usage reduces the emission particulates to the significant extent. Due to the presence of oxygen content in bio diesel, which causes increase in NOx formation. In this work there is significant reduction in emission oxides of nitrogen is noticed with nano additives due to control of in-cylinder temperature. Key words: Combustion, Nano fluids, Heat release rate, Cylinder pressure, Emission
Assessment of pain management after orthognathic surgery by the administration of montelukast: An original research
No full textIntroduction: Opioid may cause undue risk after surgical procedures like orthognathic surgeries. The present study was aimed to determine how the preoperative administration of oral montelukast affected the degree of postoperative discomfort following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery (BOS). Methodology: This study included all skeletal class III subjects scheduled for BOS. The participants were split into placebo and montelukast groups at random. Every patient received a 10-mL serving of apple juice an hour prior to the surgery; however, for the intervention group, a montelukast 10 mg pill was dissolved in the juice. The same surgical team and general anesthetic guidelines were used for all procedures. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to calculate postoperative pain at designated intervals. The significance level for the statistical analysis was determined using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The control subjects had a higher level of pain at all the intervals than the intended drug test group. Also, the control group needed more analgesics than the test group. There was one observation made that the length of the surgery had an impact on the postoperative pain. Conclusion: Preoperative montelukast medication may be useful in minimizing postoperative discomfort following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. More research is required for greater relevance
CONTAMINATION STATUS OF CADMIUM IN DIFFERENT BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC COMPONENTS AROUND THE BIDHYADHARI RIVER OF INDIAN SUNDARBAN DELTA
No full textThis study has been conducted to estimate the concentration of total Cadmium (Cd) in
different biotic and abiotic substrates including human in and around the Bidyadhari river of
Sundarban delta. Bidyadhari river presently serves as a sewage and excess rainwater outlet from
Kolkata metropolitan and adjacent area, which ultimately empties at the Bay of Bengal. The study
reveals that the Cd content in surface water of the river and ponds as well as ground water was
generally high up to 0.294 µg/ml and 0.205 µg/ml respectively during most of the seasons, which was
above the maximum permissible level for drinking water as per various national and international
standards like Indian Standard Specification, European Union, WHO, USEPA etc. Though, range of
Cd in sediment of the river and ponds was 0.025 to 0.281µg/g and 0.018 to 0.317µg/g respectively but
that was considerably higher in grasses up to 0.324µg/g. Backyard hen demonstrated considerably
high levels of Cd in their egg up to 0.247µg/g in albumen and 0.272 µg/g in yolk. Goat and cattle
demonstrated Cd content in meat up to 0.295µg/g and milk up to 0.295µg/ml respectively which crosses
the permissible levels recommended by different international standards. High Cd content in human
hairs up to 1.11µg/g indicated considerably bioaccumulation of the metal in local inhabitants resides
in the northern part of Sundarban mangrove eco-region. This whole observation may be considered
as base line study to know the present status of Cd contamination and bioaccumulation in flora and
fauna including humans in Sundarban mangrove eco-region to prepare mitigation planning against
this carcinogen from the biota immediately
Resistance Evaluation for Native Potato Accessions against Late Blight Disease and Potato Cyst Nematodes by Molecular Markers and Phenotypic Screening in India
No full textThe potato originated in southern Peru and north-western Bolivia (South America). However, native accessions have also been cultivated in India for many years. Late blight, caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating potato disease, while potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp.) (PCN) is another economically significant quarantine-requiring pest in India. In this study, we have generated a new Indian native collection of 94 potato accessions collected from different parts India. These accessions were screened against late blight and potato cyst nematode resistance by using gene-based molecular markers and phenotypic screening methods. Marker assisted selection using R1 gene-specific marker CosA210 revealed a late blight resistance gene in 11 accessions. PCN resistance bands were found in 3 accessions with marker TG689141, 5 accessions with marker 57R452, and 1 accession having Gro1-4-1602 marker for G. rostochiensis (Ro1,4), while 64 accessions amplified marker HC276 indicating G. pallida (Pa2,3) resistance gene (GpaVvrn QTL). On the other hand, phenotypic screening against late blight resistance under natural epiphytic conditions (hot-spot) revealed three accessions with high resistance, while others were resistant (1 accession), moderately resistant (5 accessions), susceptible (29 accessions), and highly susceptible (56 accessions). For G. rostochiensis (golden cyst nematode) and G. pallida (white cyst nematode) resistance, accessions were grouped into highly resistant (3, 3), resistant (0, 2), moderately resistant (6, 29), susceptible (32, 30), and highly susceptible (53, 30), respectively, for the two PCN species. Collectively, we identified promising accessions with high resistance to late blight (JG-1, Kanpuria Safed, and Rangpuria), and also highly resistant to both Globodera species (Garlentic, Jeevan Jyoti, and JG-1). Our findings suggested that these accessions would be useful for late blight and PCN resistance breeding, as well as future molecular studies in potatoes
Development of Liquid Biofertilizer by Unveiling the Potential of Statistical Modeling Approaches in Scalable Laboratory Batch Bioprocess for Rhizobium WG Strain
No full textLiquid biofertilizers have gained the prominence over chemical fertilizers and have become crucial agents to enhance the crop productivity in sustainable agricultural approaches. In view of the demand and scarcity of liquid biofertilizer supply an attempt was made to formulate a liquid nutrient media with bioprocess variables in scalable laboratory batch fermentation bioprocess mode. In the current study, a statistical modeling with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was simulated and scrutinized the process variables. The best optimum conditions were sorted out and fitted to formulate a liquid medium composition. Finally, liquid biofertilizer nutrient media with bioprocess variables were optimized. The current liquid biofertilizer has guaranteed the enhanced cell mass and efficient metabolic strength of Rhizobium WG strains for their mass production at scalable laboratory batch bioprocess mode. The results of the current investigation revealed that about 33.330 g/L of cell mass with Rhizobium strain WG MH290562 was achieved by a minimum liquid medium formulation comprising of yeast extract at 3.2 g, 55.6 rpm, 35.7 °C, K2HPO4 (0.5 g), MgSO4 (0.1 g), and pH 7.0. Based on the scrutinized data, it is satisfied with the optimized liquid biofertilizer formulation in scalable laboratory batch fermentation bioprocess mode. Hence, we strongly recommend this liquid nutrient media as sustainable biofertilizer formulation for Rhizobium WG Strain. At the same time, ecological survivability and sustained longevity studies and field trials are under progress
Assessment of odontometric and osteologic traits for gender determination in South Indians: An original research
No full textIn forensic, odontologic, genetic, and anthropological aspects, odontometric and osteologic features have long been a valuable source. The goal of this research was to correlate both the osteologic and odontometric characteristics to determine the most accurate approach for determining gender. A retrospective study involving 1000 adults, with equal gender distribution, was carried out utilizing digital panoramic radiography. The archives were searched for radiographic images of the subjects that were procured for the various procedures that ranged from implantations to rehabilitations. The measurement process was carried out with Image-Pro. There was a noticeable gender difference in the mesodistal breadth, which ranged from 17 to 47. Asymmetry of the lower jaw was considerable in both genders, as was gender variance in osseologic characteristics including ramus diameter and gonial angle. The two groups of attributes exhibited a substantial positive predictive value and thus can be used indetermining gender
Pharmacokinetic interaction of intramammary ceftriaxone and oral polyherbal drug (Fibrosin(®)) in goats
No full textBACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to determine pharmacokinetic interaction of ceftriaxone and polyherbal drug (Fibrosin(®)) in lactating goats following single dose intramammary administration of ceftriaxone with 1 h pre-single dose oral administration of Fibrosin(®).METHODS: Pharmacokinetic interaction of ceftriaxone and Fibrosin(®) was evaluated in lactating goats following single dose intramammary administration of ceftriaxone at 50 mg/kg with 1 h pre-single dose oral administration of Fibrosin(®) (1.9 g). Estimation of ceftriaxone and its metabolite, ceftizoxime, was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: Fibrosin(®) treated goats showed a typical absorption-reabsorption phase of ceftriaxone in plasma following intramammary administration. Neither ceftriaxone nor ceftizoxime was detected in the plasma and urine of goats without Fibrosin(®) treatment, however, ceftriaxone persisted for 36 h and ceftizoxime was present from 48 h to 72 h in the plasma of Fibrosin(®) treated goats. Ceftizoxime was also available from 72 h to 360 h post-dosing in milk in the presence of Fibrosin(®) following intramammary administration of ceftriaxone suggesting the polyherbal drug played a major role in the penetration of ceftriaxone from milk to systemic circulation. Furthermore, the polyherbal drug increased the bioavailability of ceftizoxime in milk following the metabolism of ceftriaxone.CONCLUSIONS: Polyherbal drug (Fibrosin(®)) plays a major role in the penetration of ceftriaxone from milk to systemic circulation and may be responsible for increased bioavailability of its metabolite in the mammary gland resulting in higher concentration and longer persistence of the drug in milk.</p
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