812 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-hol-10.1177_09596836241236347 – Supplemental material for A high-resolution record of Mid- to Late-Holocene environmental changes from a land-locked lake in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-hol-10.1177_09596836241236347 for A high-resolution record of Mid- to Late-Holocene environmental changes from a land-locked lake in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica by GS Joju, Anish Kumar Warrier, BS Mahesh, AS Yamuna Sali, Cheryl A Noronha-D’Mello, K Balakrishna and Rahul Mohan in The Holocene</p
Spectroscopic and crystallographic studies of the mutant R416W give insight into the nucleotide binding traits of subunit B of the A(1)A(O) ATP synthase
No full textKumar A, Manimekalai MSS, Balakrishna AM, et al. Spectroscopic and crystallographic studies of the mutant R416W give insight into the nucleotide binding traits of subunit B of the A(1)A(O) ATP synthase. PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS. 2009;75(4):807-819.A strategically placed tryptophan in position of Arg416 was used as an optical probe to monitor adenosine triphosphate and adenosine-diphosphate binding to subunit B of the A(1)A(O) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase from Methanosarcina mazei Go1. Tryptophan fluorescence and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy gave binding constants indicating a preferred binding of ATP over ADP to the protein. The X-ray crystal structure of the R416W mutant protein in the presence of ATP was solved to 2.1 angstrom resolution, showing the substituted Trp-residue inside the predicted adenine-binding pocket. The cocrystallized ATP molecule could be trapped in a so-called transition nucleotide-binding state. The high resolution structure shows the phosphate residues of the ATP near the P-loop region (S150-E158) and its adenine ring forms pi-pi interaction with Phe149. This transition binding position of ATP could be confirmed by tryptophan emission spectra using the subunit B mutant F149W. The trapped ATP position, similar to the one of the binding region of the antibiotic efrapeptin in F1FO ATP synthases, is discussed in light of a transition nucleotide-binding state of ATP while on its way to the final binding pocket. Finally, the inhibitory effect of efrapeptin C in ATPase activity of a reconstituted A(3)B(3)- and A(3)B(R416W)(3)-subcomplex, composed of subunit A and the B subunit mutant R416W, of the A(1)A(O) ATP synthase is shown
Molecular pathogenesis — Part B
No full textIn 1967, an outbreak of an unknown causative agent triggering hemorrhagic fever in laboratory workers in Europe resulted in the first discovery of filoviruses. Laboratory workers in Marburg, Frankfurt, Germany and Belgrade, Serbia, were infected with a virus that was traced back to African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus), imported from Uganda. This led to the discovery of the deadly Marburg virus (MARV). The more notorious Ebola viruses were discovered in 1976, in northern Zaire, currently known as the Democratic Republic of Congo, and in South Sudan. Shortly thereafter, the classification of the filoviridae family was established. To date, multiple filoviruses have been discovered throughout the world. The Filovirus family belong to the order Mononegavirales. Within the Marburg virus genus, there is only one virus species, MARV, though the presence of different lineages resulted in the classification of a second virus, Ravn virus (RAVN), both of which are highly pathogenic in humans. Within the Ebola virus genus, there are four members known to cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans: Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), and Tai forest virus (TAFV). While the human pathogenic filoviruses are considered extremely dangerous with case fatality ratios of up to 90%, there are also several nonhuman pathogenic Ebola viruses, Bombali virus and Reston virus, though the reason for their lack of pathogenicity in humans is still unknown.
The Arenaviridae are single-stranded ambisense RNA viruses endemic in rodent species across various geographical areas. Some are capable of zoonotic spillover to humans, frequently causing fatal viral hemorrhagic fever. There are two genera, Mammarenavirus and Reptarenavirus. The Mammarenaviruses are divided into Old World and New World viruses based on their phylogenetic, serological, and geographical distribution. The New World Arenaviruses are further divided into four lineages: clades A, B, C, and D based on their host, geographical location, antigenic cross-reactivity, and amino acid sequence differences (i.e., greater than 12% divergence in the nucleoprotein (NP) amino acid sequence). Of all the members of the Old World Arenaviridae, the Lassa fever virus (LASV) is the most economically important pathogen. It is listed as a priority pathogen and disease by the WHO and Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI) and ranks among the top 50 pathogens with pandemic potential. Similarly, the Junin virus, which causes the Argentinian hemorrhagic disease with over five million people at risk of disease and a case fatality between 15% and 30% is the most economically important member of the New World arenavirus. It is also unique because it is the only arenavirus with an effective treatment and vaccine. This section will focus on both Lassa fever virus and Junin virus as representatives of both Old World and New World arenaviruses, respectively, with economic importance
Evaluation of Energy Consumption using Receiver–Centric MAC Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks
No full textAt present day’s wireless sensor networks, obtain a lot consideration to researchers. Maximum number of sensor nodes are scattered that can communicate with all others. Reliable data communication and energy consumption are the mainly significant parameters that are required in wireless sensor networks. Many of MAC protocols have been planned to improve the efficiency more by enhancing the throughput and energy consumption. The majority of the presented medium access control protocols to only make available, reliable data delivery or energy efficiency does not offer together at the same time. In this research work the author proposes a novel approach based on Receiver Centric-MAC is implemented using NS2 simulator. Here, the author focuses on the following parametric measures like - energy consumption, reliability and bandwidth. RC-MAC provides high bandwidth without decreasing energy efficiency. The results show that 0.12% of less energy consumption, reliability improved by 20.86% and bandwidth increased by 27.32% of RC-MAC compared with MAC IEEE 802.11
Erratum
No full textIn the article ‘Acne in South African black adults: A retrospective study in the private sector’ by Zulu et al., which appeared on pp. 1106 - 1109 of the December 2017 SAMJ, the affiliation for author Y Balakrishna should have been listed as ‘Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa’. The online version of the article (https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i12.12419) was corrected on 15 January 2018
Does public capital crowd out private capital? : evidence from India
No full textA recent but rapidly growing empirical literature focuses on the relationship between public and private capital. But for the most part, it ignores the heterogeneity of public investment. In many countries, especially in the developing world, public investment includes not only basic infrastructure projects, but also commercial and industrial projects similar to those undertaken by the private sector. And those two types of public investment are likely to have quite different effects on the accumulation of private capital. Using data from India, the author examines this issue empirically by implementing a simple analytical model encompassing two types of public capital. The empirical results show that in the long run capital for public infrastructure projects crowds in private capital - other types of public capital have the opposite effect. But in the short run, both kinds of public investment may crowd out private investment.Decentralization,Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform,Capital Markets and Capital Flows,Inequality,Economic Stabilization,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform
An Assessment of Metal Pollution in the Surface Sediments of an East Antarctic Lake
No full textThis study discusses the metal concentrations and sedimentological data from Lake L55, a dried, land-locked lake from Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica. Toxic metals in sediments are a major threat to the environment. Twenty-five surface sediment samples were analyzed for the presence of fifteen metals. The sedimentological data indicates that the sediments are predominantly sandy with low concentrations of silt and clay. The chemical weathering index for the sediments reflects low degree of weathering. Negligible concentrations of organic content were present in the sediments owing to the cold and dry conditions of the study area. The environmental pollution indices indicate elevated concentrations of Ba, Zn, As and Pb in the sediments. Barium could be supplied by the weathering of the quartzofeldspathic catchment rocks, while Zn, As and Pb could be supplied from the fuel burning for power generation and logistical activities, paint residue, and battery waste. The sediment quality guidelines were calculated for the sediments, and they indicate that the sediments have a 21% risk of being toxic. The pollution load index, potential ecological risk index (PERI) and toxic risk index (TRI) values suggest low toxic risk in the sediments of the lake.Fil: Joju, G. S.. Manipal Academy Of Higher Education; IndiaFil: Warrier, Anish Kumar. Manipal Academy Of Higher Education; IndiaFil: Yamuna Sali, A. S.. Manipal Academy Of Higher Education; IndiaFil: Chaparro, Marcos Adrián Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Mahesh, B. S.. National Centre For Polar And Ocean Research; IndiaFil: Amrutha, K.. Manipal Academy Of Higher Education; IndiaFil: Balakrishna, K.. Manipal Academy Of Higher Education; IndiaFil: Mohan, Rahul. National Centre For Polar And Ocean Research; Indi
Palladium(II) and copper(I) complexes of wide angle bisphosphine, 1,4-bis((diphenylphosphino) methyl) benzene
No full textOxidation reactions and synthesis of copper(I) and palladium(II) complexes of 1,4-bis((diphenylphosphino) methyl) benzene (1) have been described. Due to the larger separation of phosphorus atoms, bisphosphine exhibits only bridging mode of coordination. The ligand is also ideally suited to form binuclear complexes and 1-D coordination polymers. Reaction of 1 with [Pd(eta(3)-allyl) Cl](2) results in dipalladium(II) complex [{Pd(eta(3)-allyl) Cl}(2){mu-Ph2PCH2C6H4CH2PPh2}] (4), whereas with copper halides, dimeric complexes of the type [{CuX}{mu-Ph2PCH2C6H4CH2PPh2}](2) (5 X = Cl, 6 X = Br and 7 X = I) were isolated. All the compounds have been fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The molecular structures of bisulfide (3), Pd(II) and Cu(I) complexeswere confirmed by single crystal X-ray analyses
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