1,955 research outputs found
The Rational Locator: Why Travel Times Have Remained Stable
No full textThis paper evaluates household travel surveys for the Washington metropolitan region conducted in 1968 and 1988, and shows that commuting times remain stable or decline over the twenty year period despite an increase in average travel distance, after controlling for trip purpose and mode of travel. The average automobile work-to-home time of 32.5 minutes in both 1968 and 1988 is, moreover, very consistent with a 1957 survey showing an average time of 33.5 minutes in metropolitan Washington. Average trip speeds increased by more than 20 percent, countering the effect of increased travel distance. This change was observed during a period of rapid suburban growth in the region. With the changing distributional composition of trip origins and destinations, overall travel times have remained relatively constant. The hypothesis that jobs and housing mutually co-locate to optimize travel times is lent further support by these data. .
Bacillus pumilus strain YSPMK11 as plant growth promoter and bicontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
No full textAbstract
A study was executed in a direction to attenuate Sclerotinia stalk rot (SSR) disease through biocontrol agent and also to enhance crop productivity. Culture filtrate of bacterial strain YSPMK11 inhibited growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro which also exhibited higher plant growth promoting attributes. Interaction studies revealed maximum (81.50%) growth inhibition at 35 °C and pH 7.0 after 72 h incubation period with 15% culture filtrate. Based upon 16S rRNA gene sequence strain, YSPMK11 was identified as Bacillus pumilus. Furthermore, the genome of this isolate was searched for antimicrobial lipopeptide, i.e., ItuD and SrfC genes. The PCR amplification results showed the presence of both these lipopeptide genes in isolate YSPMK11. Iturin A as antifungal compound was identified as major components of fraction through GC/MS. In field experiments, the application of strain YSPMK11 cell suspension (108 CFU/ml) suppressed disease severity by 93% and increased curd yield by 36% which was more that of commercially used fungicide in farmer practices under mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. Conclusively, our study is first to demonstrate the effect of B. pumilus strain YSPMK11 in suppression of SSR under field conditions and would be employed as an efficient biocontrol agent to replace commercial fungicides in cauliflower cropping system. In addition, the presence of both lipopeptide genes (ItuD and SrfC) and iturin A in this isolate makes him potent strain for biological control application in agriculture.</jats:p
<b>Supplemental Material - Effect of Acute Vasodilator Testing Using Oxygen in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease</b>
No full textSupplemental Material for Effect of Acute Vasodilator Testing Using Oxygen in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Sundararaj Rajkumar, Ajay Kumar Jha, Satyen Parida, Chitra Rajeswari, Sakthirajan Panneerselvam, and Sreevathsa K. S. Prasad in Journal of Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.</p
Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper and Iron: Reagents and Methods/ Ajay Kumar Goswami, Shilpa Agarwal.
No full textIn English.The book covers specific and selective reagents for the determination of iron and copper by spectrophotometry. It provides methods for each group or class of reagents, including conditions, wavelength and interferences of other ions in samples. It is a unique guide for researchers in analytical chemistry from pharmaceutical to environmental monitoring laboratories working on iron and copper based products.Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- Section A -- Chapter 1. Analytical reagents having oxygen (O) as donor atom -- Chapter 2. Analytical reagents having nitrogen (N) as donor atom -- Chapter 3. Analytical reagents having nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) as donor atoms -- Chapter 4. Analytical reagents having nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) as donor atoms -- Chapter 5. Analytical reagents having nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) and sulfur (S) as donor atoms -- Chapter 6. Analytical reagents having oxygen (O) and sulfur (S) as donor atoms -- Chapter 7. Analytical reagents having other combination of donor atoms -- Section B -- Chapter 8. Analytical reagents having oxygen (O) as donor atom -- Chapter 9. Analytical reagents having nitrogen (N) as donor atoms -- Chapter 10. Analytical reagents having nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) as donor atoms -- Chapter 11. Analytical reagent having miscellaneous combinations of donor atoms -- Index1 online resource (XX, 248 p.
Integrating Feedback into the Transportation Planning Mode
No full textThis research develops and applies a new structure for the transportation planning model that includes feedback between demand, assignment, and traffic control. New methods, combined with a renewed interest in transportation planning models prompted by the Clean Air Act of 1990 and the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, warrant a reconsideration of the traditional "four-step" transportation planning model. This paper presents an algorithm for feedback which results in consistent travel times as input to travel demand and output from route assignment. The model, including six stages of Trip Generation, Destination Choice, Mode Choice, Departure Time Choice, Route Assignment and Intersection Control is briefly outlined. This is followed by an application comparing a base year 1990 application with a forecast year of 2010. The 2010 forecast is solved both with and without feedback for comparison purposes. Incorporation of feedback gives significantly different results than the standard model. l.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of the amphipod genus Quadrivisio (Senticaudata, Maeridae) from Chilika Lagoon, India
No full textFIGURE 1. Quadrivisio chilikensis sp. nov., female, holotype, 9.5 mm, ZSI/EBRC/Cr14097, (A) Complete body, male, paratype, 9 mm, ZSI/EBRC/Cr14098; (B) Maxilliped; (C) Maxilla 1; (D) Maxilla 2; (E) Mandible; (F) Lower lip; (G) Uropod 1; (H) Uropod 2; (I) Uropod 3; (J) Telson; (K) Epimeron 1-3.Published as part of Bhoi, Gitanjali, Myers, Alan A., Tarafdar, Lipika, Smita, Moili, Jena, Ajay Kumar & Patro, Shesdev, 2023, A new species of the amphipod genus Quadrivisio (Senticaudata, Maeridae) from Chilika Lagoon, India, pp. 36-42 in Zootaxa 5256 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/774526
FIGURE 2 in A new species of the amphipod genus Quadrivisio (Senticaudata, Maeridae) from Chilika Lagoon, India
No full textFIGURE 2. Quadrivisio chilikensis sp. nov., male, paratype, 9 mm, ZSI/EBRC/Cr14098: (A) Gnathopod 1; (B) Gnathopod 2; (E to I): Pereopod 3 to pereopod 7; female, paratype, 9.5 mm, ZSI/EBRC/Cr14099, (C) Gnathopod 1; (D) Gnathopod 2.Published as part of Bhoi, Gitanjali, Myers, Alan A., Tarafdar, Lipika, Smita, Moili, Jena, Ajay Kumar & Patro, Shesdev, 2023, A new species of the amphipod genus Quadrivisio (Senticaudata, Maeridae) from Chilika Lagoon, India, pp. 36-42 in Zootaxa 5256 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/774526
Multiple magnetic interactions and large inverse magnetocaloric effect in TbSi and TbSi0.6Ge0.4
No full textWe present a comprehensive investigation of the electronic structure, magnetization, specific heat, and crystallography of TbSi (FeB structure type) and TbSi0.6Ge0.4 (CrB structure type) compounds. Both TbSi and TbSi0.6Ge0.4 exhibit two antiferromagnetic (AFM) transitions at TN1≈ 58~K and 57~K, and TN2≈ 36~K and 44~K, respectively, along with an onset of weak metamagnetic-like transition around 6~T between TN1 and TN2. High-resolution specific heat (CP) measurements show the second- and first-order nature of the magnetic transition at TN1 and TN2, respectively, for both samples. However, in the case of TbSi, the low-temperature (LT) AFM to high-temperature (HT) AFM transition takes place via an additional AFM phase at the intermediate temperature (IT), where both LT to IT AFM and IT to HT AFM phase transitions exhibit a first-order nature. Both TbSi and TbSi0.6Ge0.4 manifest significant magnetic entropy changes (ΔSM) of 9.6 and 11.6~J/kg-K, respectively, for Δμ0H=7~T, at TN2. The HT AFM phase of TbSi0.6Ge0.4 is found to be more susceptible to the external magnetic field, causing a significant broadening in the peaks of ΔSM curves at higher magnetic fields. Temperature and field-dependent specific heat data have been utilized to construct the complex H-T phase diagram of these compounds. Furthermore, temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction measurements demonstrate substantial magnetostriction and anisotropic thermal expansion of the unit cell in both samples.This is a preprint from Kumar, Ajay, Prashant Singh, Andrew Doyle, Deborah L. Schlagel, and Yaroslav Mudryk. "Multiple magnetic interactions and large inverse magnetocaloric effect in TbSi and TbSi Ge ." arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.06777 (2024). doi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.06777. Published as Kumar, Ajay, Prashant Singh, Andrew Doyle, Deborah L. Schlagel, and Yaroslav Mudryk. "Multiple magnetic interactions and large inverse magnetocaloric effect in TbSi and TbSi 0.6 Ge 0.4." Physical Review B 109, no. 21 (2024): 214410.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109.214410
An orthorhombic polymorph of (E)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
No full textThe title compound, C16H10Cl2O3, is almost planar with a dihedral angle of 0.14 (16)° between the benzodioxole ring system and the dichlorobenzene ring that are bridged by the olefinic double bond. The corresponding value reported for the monoclinic polymorph is [5.57 (9)° (Lokeshwari et al. (2017[Lokeshwari, D. M., Pavithra, G., Renuka, N., Lokanath, N. K., Naveen, S. & Ajay Kumar, K. (2017). IUCrData, 2, x170103.]). IUCrData, 2, x170103). The carbonyl group lies almost in the plane of the olefinic double bond and is twisted slightly from the benzodioxole ring plane. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a chain propagating along the b-axis direction
Operational Evidence of Changing Travel Patterns
No full textThis paper utilizes a traffic counts database covering a ten year period (1976-1985) to identify travel trends for Montgomery County, a suburb of Washington D.C. Generally, travel behavior is analyzed using person based travel survey data. The use of traffic counts to understand travel behavior is a relatively new approach. Unlike household surveys, which are typically characterized by respondent and sample bias, and require special effort for their collection, traffic counts are routinely collected by Departments of Transportation and provide the best available measure of observed traffic volumes. The study provides fresh evidence to support some of the earlier findings: an increase in lateral commuting as a share of travel, changes in work and non-work trip proportions, and increase in peak spreading. An interesting result in this paper relates to a more pronounced directionality in radial as compared with lateral trips. The relative symmetry of traffic flows along lateral routes compared with radial routes results in better utilization of the suburban road network. Non-work trips emerge as the more elastic trips, shifting to off-peak hours with an increase in congestion. .
- …
