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Nigrobaetis paramakalyani Kubendran & Balasubramanian 2015
No full textNigrobaetis paramakalyani Kubendran & Balasubramanian, 2015 (Fig. 4) Materials Examined. Photos of paratype provided by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Southern Regional Centre, Chennai, India. Additions and corrections to the description. Detailed nymphal characters of Nigrobaetis paramakalyani are mentioned in Kubendran et al. (2015). However, there are several errors in the description made. The addition and corrections to the description are listed as follows: i) posterior margin of tergum with long and apically blunt triangular spines on segments I to X (Fig. 4C); ii) gill IV elongated with dark margin, relatively long setae and serrated all along margins, tracheation well visible but poorly divided (Fig. 4E); iii) paraproct with 9–10 marginal spines (Fig. 4D).Published as part of Sivaruban, T., Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Barathy, S. & Isack, Rajasekaran, 2022, A new species of Nigrobaetis Novikova & Kluge, 1987 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 182-190 in Zootaxa 5091 (1) on page 189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/584073
Labiobaetis jacobusi Kubendran & Balasubramanian, n. sp.
No full textLabiobaetis jacobusi Kubendran & Balasubramanian n. sp. Figs. 40–58 Material examined. Holotype: male larva: INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Theni, Valipparai stream, Vaigai River, 9 o 43 ’ 35.67 ” N, 77 o 31 ’00.24” E, 1300 m, 29.vii. 2012 (ZSI), Colls. Balasubramanian, Kubendran and Selvakumar. Paratypes: 4 male larvae, 6 female larvae and 6 male imagos, same data as holotype (ZSI, MZTC) Additional material examined. 1 male larva (on slide) and one female larva, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Kodaikanal, Bas. Manjalaru, Riv. Mulaiyaru, 10 o 14 ’ 19.99 ”N, 77 o 29 ’ 19.90 ”E, 1216 m, 29.vii. 2012, Colls. Balasubramanian., Kubendran and Selvakumar. 16 larvae, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Chinnasuruli, Bas. Vaigai, Riv. Suruli falls, 9 o 42 ’ 35.17 ”N, 77 o 25 ’ 28.62 ”E, 605 m, 15.ix. 2012, Colls. Balasubramanian, Kubendran and Selvakumar. 20 larvae, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Megamalai, Bas. Highwavys, Riv. Megamalai, 9 o 43 ’ 38.52 ”N, 77 o 21 ’ 39.34 ”E, 1485 m, 20.xii. 2012, Colls. Balasubramanian, Kubendran and Selvakumar. Mature larva. Maximal length: Body 5.0–6.0 mm; cerci 2.5 –3.0 mm; terminal filament 2.0– 2.5 mm. Size variable between different populations. Colouration: Head uniformly brown without distinct pattern; thorax light brown, legs yellowish brown; abdominal tergites uniformly light brown (Fig. 40); sternites pale yellow (Fig. 41). Head: Antennae (Fig. 42): Scape and pedicel bare; distolateral notch on scape absent. Labrum (Fig. 43): rectangular, approximately 0.8 times as long as wide, anterior margin with a small median notch; dorsal surface with about 12 spatulate submarginal setae in contiguous row, fine and simple setae scattered medially; ventrally bordered with feathered setae along margin and a distomedial arc of fine setae. Hypopharynx (Fig. 44): lingua covered with short thin setae; stout and longer medially; superlingua with thin setae apically and laterally. Left mandible (Fig. 45): with incisors composed of 7 denticles; prostheca with 5 broad denticles and comb-shaped structure; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Right mandible (Fig. 46): with incisors composed of 7 denticles; prostheca with 10 denticles; margin between prostheca and mola and without tubercle; tuft of setae at apex of mola present. Maxillae (Fig. 47) with 4 caninae; lacinia with 2 rows of setae, one row with abundant small setae ending with stout and long setae, second row with 2 long stout dentisetae; two thin setae at base of caninae; palp twosegmented, longer than galea-lacinia; segment 2 longer than segment 1, apically rounded with broadly concave subapical margin, lateral margin with about 9–10 thin setae. Labium (Fig. 48): glossae with one row of simple setae on inner margin; glossae shorter than paraglossae, paraglossae with 2 rows of apical feathered setae; labial palp three-segmented; segment 1 slender, subequal in length to segment 2 and 3 combined; segment 2 with a broad falcated and apically pointed distomedial projection covered with short thin and simple setae scattered over surface; segment 3 somewhat globular, with stout and pointed setae and thin setae scattered on dorsal surface. Thorax: Foreleg (Fig. 49): dorsal margin of femora with a row of about 7 long stout pointed setae, without row of setae subparallel to margin; ventral margin with about 11 pointed stout setae; dorsal margin of tibiae with a row of setae; dorsal margin of tarsi bare; ventral margin with about 11 pointed stout setae; tarsal claw with one row of about 11 acute teeth (Fig. 50); mid and hind leg similar to foreleg. Hindwing pads absent. Abdomen: Single lamellate gills on segments 2–7 (Fig. 51), elongated with serrated margins; trachea well visible; each gill with a dark band surrounding margin. Paraproct (Fig. 52) margin with numerous small to medium pointed spines, with scale bases; posterolateral extension with scale bases, margin with irregular spines. Tergites with numerous scale bases; distal-margin with broad triangular spines (Fig. 53). Caudal filaments light brown; terminal filament shorter than cerci and with lateral hairs. Male imago: Length: body 9.0 mm; fore wing 7.5 mm. Foreleg: femur 1.2 mm; tibia 1.5 mm; tarsi 0.4 mm. Cerci 15–16 mm. Colouration: Head (Figs 55, 56) dark brown; scape and pedicel medium to dark brown; flagellum medium brown; facetted surface of compound eyes reddish brown; lateral face reddish brown. Thorax: dark brown. Legs: femora light brown, tibiae light yellowish brown, tarsi light brown. Forewings (Fig. 54) hyaline; pterostigma with 4 cross-veins generally reaching subcostal vein; double intercalary veins shorter than distance between corresponding main veins (Fig. 57). Hindwings absent. Abdomen (Fig. 54): Tergites I–VI whitish without marking or pattern; tergites VII-X medium brown without marking or pattern, sternites colouration similar to corresponding tergites. Genitalia (Fig. 58): segment 1 and 2 completely fused; inner margin of segment 1 expanded basally, progressively narrower with 6–8 thin setae; segment 2 with parallel margins; segment 3 globular; well developed sclerotized triangular process between forceps, without setae. Diagnosis. Labiobaetis jacobusi n. sp. can be differentiated from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: (i) distolateral notch on antennal scape absent (Fig. 42); (ii) a row of 12 spatulate submarginal setae on labrum (Fig. 43); (iii) right mandible without tubercle at inner margin between incisor and mola (Fig. 46); (iv) broadly concave subapical inner margin present on segment 2 of maxillary palp (Fig. 47); (v) segment 2 of labial palp with broad falcate distomedial projection (Fig. 48); (vi) hindwing pads absent; (vii) serrated edges of abdominal gills with well visible trachea on segment 2–7 (Fig. 51); (viii) dorsal margin of tibiae with stout setae (Fig. 49). Etymology. The species is named in honour of Dr. Luke M. Jacobus for his outstanding contribution to mayfly systematics. Discussion. Labiobaetis jacobusi n. sp. and Labiobaetis sumigarensis (Müller-Liebenau 1982) from the Philippines are the only species of Labiobaetis from Oriental realm with six pairs of gills, the labrum with spatulate setae, absence of hindwings and absence of antennal scape (Shi & Tong 2014). The two species also possess a similar distomedial projection in segment 2 of labial palp (although more arched in L. sumigarensis, Fig. 5 B in Müller-Liebenau 1982). They differ by the setation of the dorsal margin of femora (numerous short setae in L. sumigarensis (Fig. 5 G in Müller-Liebenau 1982) and long and stout setae in L. jacobusi), the size (L. jacobusi is more than twice the size of L. sumigarensis) and the number of spatulate setae on the labrum. The genus Labiobaetis has a wide distribution all over the world except in Central and South America. Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1997) have expanded the concept of Labiobaetis to include species with or without a distolateral notch on the antennal scape, with the distomedial modification of segment 2 of maxillary palps ranging from a constriction to a pronounced concavity, with or without villopore, with gills present or absent on abdominal segment 1 and with or without hindwing pads. Genetic analysis including Afrotropical and Asian species proved that the present concept of Labiobaetis is polyphyletic (Monaghan et al. 2005; Gattolliat et al. 2008). This riddle can be only solved by comprehensive combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies including all the different known taxa. Ecology. The type locality is a perennial stream of Vaigai basin with an average of 4 m wide and 40 cm depth and moderate water current (0.9 m /sec) on the southern Western Ghats. The water temperature ranged between 21– 24 ˚C (seasonal variations) and the pH between 6.7 and 7.3. Larvae were found among grasses in stream edges of medium water flow.Published as part of Kubendran, T., Balasubramanian, C., Selvakumar, C., Gattolliat, J. L. & Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., 2015, Contribution to the knowledge of Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang 1994, Nigrobaetis Novikova & Kluge 1987 and Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge 1987 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Western Ghats (India), pp. 188-200 in Zootaxa 3957 (2) on pages 195-199, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/24314
Tenuibaetis kangi Kubendran, Vasanth & Subramanian 2022, sp. nov.
No full textTenuibaetis kangi Kubendran, Vasanth & Subramanian sp. nov. (Figs 1C, 4A–G, 5A–H, 6A–E) Material examined. Holotype. Mature larva, INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Kangra district, Baijnath, tributary of Beas River, 32°01′27″ N, 76°23′28″ E, 13.XI.2019, Alt. 998 m. Coll. T. Kubendran and Fatima Jabeen (Reg. No. HARC /I-7626). Paratypes. 1 male and 1 female imago reared from larvae, 18 larvae same data as holotype (Reg. No. HARC /I-7645). Description. Mature larva (Fig. 1C). Body length 5.3–5.8 mm; cerci length 2.8–3.2 mm; paracercus length 1.8–2.2 mm; antenna 1.5× as long as head capsule length. Coloration. Head uniformly brown, medially pale white; brown with light yellow transverse band on the posterior half of mesonotum as in (Fig. 1C). Dark or light brown tergal color pattern typical of the genus, with a pale-yellow transverse band on the posterior half of mesonotum, two paired pale-yellow maculae on abdominal terga IV–V and terga IX–X pale yellow, cerci light brown without a brown band at ca. ½ of cerci. Thorax and abdomen ventrally brownish white, brighter than dorsally. Legs light brown; femur dorsally pale and light brown apically, distomedially brown; claws distally brownish. Morphology. Antenna (Fig. 4G). Scape and pedicel sub-cylindrical, flagellum with thin and simple setae on apex of each segment. Labrum (Fig. 4A). Subrectangular with length 0.7× maximum width. Medial emargination of distal margin with a small, apically pointed process. Dorsally with many medium, fine, simple setae; submarginal arc of setae composed of 1+3 simple setae. Ventrally with marginal row of setae composed of lateral and anterolateral long, feathered setae and medial long, bifid, pectinate setae; ventral surface with three short, spine-like setae near lateral and anterolateral margin. Right mandible (Fig. 4C). Incisors fused. Outer and inner sets of denticles with 3+3 denticles each. Prostheca slender, distolaterally denticulate. Margin between prostheca and mola without tubercle. Tuft of setae at apex of mola present. Left mandible (Fig. 4D). Incisors fused. Outer and inner sets of denticles with 3+3 denticles each. Prostheca robust, apically with small denticles and comb–shape structure. Margin between prostheca and mola straight. Subtriangular process long and slender, above level of area between prostheca and mola. Denticles of mola apically constricted. Tuft of setae at apex of mola present. Both mandibles with lateral margins almost straight; basal half with fine, simple setae scattered over dorsal surface. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4B). Lingua as long as superlingua. Lingua about as broad as long covered with short, thin setae, distal half not expanded. Superlingua rounded, lateral margin rounded with thin, setae along distal margin and short, pointed setae along lateral margin. Maxilla (Fig. 4E). Galea-lacinia with two simple, robust apical setae under crown; apically with three canines, lacinia with two rows of setae, one row with abundant thin setae ending with stout and long setae, second row with fine, long stout setae. Inner dorsal row of setae with three dentisetae, distal dentiseta tooth-like; middle dentiseta slender and bifid; proximal dentiseta slender, biserrate and with proximal furcation strongly developed and abducted. Medially with one feathered spine-like seta and 4–5 long, simple setae. Maxillary palp slightly longer than galealacinia; two segmented. Segment I equal in length to segment II. Apex of segment II rounded without nipple and without excavation at inner distolateral margin. Setae on maxillary palp fine and simple over surface of segments I and II. Labium (Fig. 4F). Glossa basally broad, narrowing towards apex; shorter than paraglossa; inner margin with 10 spine-like setae increasing in length distally; apex with three robust pectinate setae; outer margin with 6 long, spine-like setae increasing in length distally; ventral surface with small medium, simple scattered setae. Paraglossa subrectangular slightly curved inward; apex rounded with three rows of long, robust distally pectinate setae in apical area and three medium simple setae in antero-medial area. Dorsally with a row of 6–7 long, spine-like setae near inner margin. Labial palp 3-segmented; segment I shorter than segments II and III combined; segment II slightly produced inward to form a moderately expanded lobe at distal corner; dorsally with a row of fine medium simple setae; segment III conical, slightly asymmetrical with a small concavity at inner apex; covered with short, stout, spine-like setae. Segments I, II and III with fine simple setae scattered over dorsal surface. Hind wing pads. Present, well developed. Foreleg (Fig. 5A). Ratio of foreleg segments 1.3:1.0:0.6:0.3. Femur length ca. 3× maximum width. Dorsal margin with a row of ca 24–25 long, stout, apically rounded setae; length of setae 0.25× maximum width of femur. Apex rounded with a row of 5–6 short, clavate setae and two groups of short, stout, pointed setae. Anterior surface with six robust setae and four small setae towards medially. Stout, lanceolate setae along ventral margin; villopore well developed. Dorsal margin of tibia with a row of fine simple setae; ventral margin with a row of short, spinelike setae, on apex one stout, pointed seta and a tuft of fine, simple setae; anterior surface scattered with stout, short, spatulate setae. Dorsal margin of tarsus with hair-like setae; ventral margin with 11–12 stout setae increasing in length towards apex, apex with one short, stout, spine-like seta. Claw (Fig. 5D) with a row of 11 denticles; distally pointed, 6–7 stripes, subapical setae absent. Middle leg (Fig. 5B). Dorsal margin with a row of ca 18–20 long, stout, apically rounded setae; length of setae 0.25× maximum width of femur. Dorsal margin of tarsus with hair-like setae; ventral margin with 11 stout setae increasing in length towards apex, apex with one short, stout, spine-like seta. Claw (Fig. 5D) with a row of 10 denticles; distally pointed, 7–8 stripes, subapical setae absent. Hind leg. Femur, tibia and tarsus same as middle leg; tarsal claw same as foreleg. Terga (Fig. 5H). Surface with irregular rows of U-shaped scale bases and scattered fine, simple setae. Posterior margin of tergum IV with apically rounded spines wider than long and with stripes. Gills (Figs 5F, G). Single lamellate gills present on segments I–VII. Margin with small denticles intercalating fine, simple setae, poorly visible trachea. Gill I as long as 2/3 of length of segment II; gill IV as long as length of segment V and ½ of segment VI combined, 2.3× length of gill I; gill VII as long as length of segment VIII. Paraproct (Fig. 5E). Distally not expanded, with 13–14 marginal stout spines.Surface scattered with microspores and fine simple setae, and with more patches of notched scales. Cercotractor with medium, marginal spines. Male imago. (Fig. 6A, C–E). Length: body 7.0– 7.2 mm; forewing 6.5 mm. Foreleg (Fig. 6A–B): femur 1.4 mm; tibia 2.2 mm; tarsi 0.3 mm. Cerci 10.5–10.8 mm. Head dark red; scape and pedicel medium to dark red; flagellum medium red; facetted surface of compound eyes reddish brown; lateral face reddish brown. Thorax: yellow to dark brown. Legs: femora, tibiae and tarsi bright yellow. Forewings (Fig. 6C) hyaline; pterostigma with 4 cross-veins generally reaching subcostal vein; double intercalary veins shorter than distance between corresponding main veins. Hind wings (Fig. 6D) with an erect costal spur at ¼ length of wing; two longitudinal veins reaching margin, none of them bifurcated. Abdomen: tergites I–VI pale yellow with a dark stripe parallel to distal margin, except VII–X light reddish without marking or pattern. Genitalia (Fig. 6E): with three-segmented gonopods, first and second segments almost fused, first segment without apophysis, abundant thin setae present on inner margin of second segment, third segment globular, forceps welldeveloped, apically flattened and without setae. Female imago (Fig. 6B). Length: body 7.8 mm; forewing 6.6 mm; foreleg: femur 1.6 mm; tibia 2.2 mm; tarsi 0.4 mm. Cerci 10.7 mm; Etymology. The new species is named after Dr. Kang (Japan), who has first established the genus Tenuibaetis. Distribution. North Western Himalaya (Himachal Pradesh), India. Diagnosis. Larva. Tenuibaetis kangi Kubendran, Vasanth & Subramanian sp. nov. can be distinguished from all known species of Tenuibaetis by the following combination of characters: (i) tergal color pattern dark brown with pale yellow transverse band on the posterior half of mesonotum, terga I–III dark brown, terga VI–VII dark brown and IX–X pale yellow (Fig. 1C); (ii) labrum dorsal submarginal arc of setae composed with 1+3 simple setae (Fig. 4A); (iii) left mandible: canine with 3+3 denticles (Fig. 4D); (iv) galea-lacinia with two simple, robust apical setae under crown (Fig. 4E); (v) outer margin of paraglossa with 6 long, spine-like setae increasing in length distally; (Fig. 4F); (vi) forefemur dorsal margin with 23–25 long, stout, apically rounded setae, anterior surface with distally 6 robust setae and 4 small setae towards medially (Fig. 5A); (vii) claw with a row of 11 denticles, subapical seta absent (Fig. 5D); (viii) gill I as long as 2/3 of length of segment II; (ix) paraproct distally not expanded, 13–14 marginal spines, with more patches of notched scales (Fig. 5E). Habitat. Tenuibaetis kangi sp. nov. collected in tributary of Beas River (Fig. 14B) (from 5.0– 5.5 m wide and 28–30 cm depth), near Baijnath village in the district of Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. This river is characterized by temperature ranges from 22–24 ° C at the time of sampling, average current velocity (0.9 m /sec) and mainly rock, gravel and pebbles at the bottom of river. The river banks covered with grasses. The new species of the larvae collected at an altitude of 998 m a.s.l. Usually specimens were collected on the surface of stones, gravel and submerged plants. Further specimens were found on surface of stones covered with filamentous green algae.Published as part of Kubendran, T., Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Gattolliat, Jean-Luc, Selvakumar, C., Jabeen, Fatima & Sinha, Bikramjit, 2022, Two new species and two new records of the genus Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang, 1994 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Indian Himalaya, pp. 511-534 in Zootaxa 5196 (4) on pages 517-518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/723570
Nigrobaetis paramakalyani Kubendran & Balasubramanian, n. sp.
No full text<i>Nigrobaetis paramakalyani</i> Kubendran & Balasubramanian n. sp. <p>Figs. 22–39</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. Holotype: male larva, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli, Sivasailam, Gadana river, 0 8o 47’17.03”N, 77o20’49.51”E, 104 m, 28.vi.2012. Colls. C. Balasubramanian, T. Kubendran and C. Selvakumar. Paratypes: 5 male larvae and 8 female larvae, same data as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Mature Larva</b>. Maximal length: Body 4.0 mm; cerci 3.0 mm; terminal filament shorter in female than in male. Coloration: Head yellowish-brown, antennae light yellow; prothorax brownish, mesothorax and metathorax light brown, legs light brown with a dark brown band on femora; abdominal tergites II, III and V to VII medium brown, generally with three medioproximal ecru spots; tergites I and IX uniformly ecru to light brown; tergites IV and VIII ecru with two medioproximal brown spots; tergite X ecru proximally and brown distally (Fig. 22). Abdominal sternites light brown (Fig. 23). Cerci ecru to light brown with two median dark brown bands.</p> <p> <b>Head</b>: Distal lobe of antennal scape absent (Fig. 24). Labrum (Fig. 25): rounded with an anteromedial emargination, dorsally with three long simple stout setae in the distal half; subapical row of feathered setae on anterior margin; ventral surface with two kinds setae on distal margin: 8 to 10 lateral ones long and divided into a brush and median ones shorter and slightly feathered. Hypopharynx (Fig. 26): lingua covered with small simple setae; superlingua with thin setae apically and laterally. Left mandible (Fig. 27): with incisors composed of 7 denticles; prostheca with 7 denticles and a comb-shaped structure; margin between prostheca and mola with 5 tiny pointed spines; tuft of setae at apex of mola absent. Right mandible (Fig. 28): with incisors composed of 7 denticles; prostheca with 7 denticles; margin between prostheca and mola with 6 medium pointed spines; tuft of setae at apex of mola present. Maxilla (Fig. 29): palp two- segmented; segment 2 extending beyond galealacinia; segment 1 equal to segment 2; segment 2 apically rounded covered with 12–16 thin setae. Labium (Fig. 30): glossae subequal in length to paraglossae, inner margin of glossae with a row of 7–9 setae; paraglossae 1.4 times wider than glossae, falcate, with long and stout setae; labial palp three-segmented, segment 1 without setae; segment 2 slightly produced inward to form a moderately expanded lobe at distal corner, dorsally with a row of 3 medium setae; segment 3 apically blunt to slightly concave with numerous short setae.</p> <p> <b>Thorax</b>: Legs: dorsal margin of femora with about 7 stout setae, femoral villopore absent, ventral margin with stout pointed setae increasing in length towards the apex, lateral surfaces bare; dorsal margin of tarsi with about 7 stout setae, ventral margin with pointed stout setae (Fig. 31); tarsal claw with a single row of about 11 denticles (Fig. 32). Hindwing pads present (Fig. 33).</p> <p> <b>Abdomen</b>: Single lamellate gills on segments 1–7; transparent with rudimentary tracheae; gill 1 (Fig. 34) small compare to other gills (Fig. 35). Paraproct with very few scale bases, margins with about 2 large pointed teeth and 3 small ones; postero-lateral extension with a few scale bases, margin with numerous slender teeth (Fig. 36). Posterior margin of tergum with long pointed spines (Fig. 37). Two dark bands on cerci (Figs 38, 39); terminal filament shorter in female (Fig. 38) than in male (Fig. 39).</p> <p> <b>Imago</b>: Unknown</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. <i>Nigrobaetis paramakalyani</i> <b>n. sp.</b> can be differentiated from other Oriental species of <i>Nigrobaetis</i> by the following combination of characters: (i) presence of hindwing pads (Fig. 33); (ii) seven pairs of gills (Figs 34, 35); (iii) paraproct with a reduce number of spines on distal margin (two large and three small spines) (Fig. 36); (iv) segment 3 of labial palp truncated or slightly concave (Fig. 30); (v) margin between prostheca and mola of both mandibles with reduced number of spines (Figs 27, 28); (vi) contrasted pattern of the abdominal tergites (Fig. 22).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The new species is named after the presiding deity of the temple in the type locality.</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> The genus <i>Nigrobaetis</i> comprises around 30 species, from the Palaearctic (12 species), Oriental (13 species) and Afrotropical (5 species) realms (Barber-James <i>et al.</i> 2013). <i>Nigrobaetis paramakalyani</i> <b>n. sp.</b> differ from all the Oriental species by the number and shape of the spines of the paraproct; from <i>N. candidus</i> (Kang & Yang 1996) by the number of gills (7 vs 6 pairs); from <i>N. minutus</i> (Müller-Liebenau 1984) and <i>N. facetus</i> (Chang & Yang 1994) by the presence of hindwing pads; from <i>N. candidus</i> (Kang & Yang 1996), <i>N. gombaki</i> (Müller- Liebenau 1984), <i>N. gracilentus</i> (Chang & Yang 1994), <i>N. mirabilis</i> (Müller-Liebenau 1984), <i>N. taiwanensis</i> (Müller-Liebenau 1985) and <i>N. tatuensis</i> (Müller-Liebenau 1985) by the shape of the segment 3 of the labial palp (Müller-Liebenau 1984, 1985; Kang <i>et al.</i> 1994; Kang & Yang 1996). <i>N. paramakalyani</i> possesses a very distinctive colouration and pattern, as found in <i>N. minutus</i> Müller-Liebenau 1984. Other diagnostic characters are very similar between the two species except the presence/absence of hindwing pads (Müller-Liebenau 1984).</p> <p> The present discovery of a new species from the Indian subregion of the Oriental realm has extended the known range of the genus in the Orient from West Malaysia westwards to southern India. The biogeographic assumption of Gattolliat (2004) that the presence of this genus in India or Sri Lanka is not confirmed but likely, indeed become a reality. Gattolliat (2004) also opines that with regard to the specific diversity of the genus in the different parts of its distribution area, it is reasonable to assume a Palaearctic or Oriental origin. According to him the presence of <i>Nigrobaetis</i> in southern Africa and in Madagascar is probably the result of a step-by-step colonization from northern Africa to southern Africa and finally Madagascar and that it is likely that the colonization of Madagascar took place after its break-off from the Gondwana mainland (ca 165 My), implying overseas colonization of more than 300 km (Gattolliat 2004). The morphological similarity between <i>N. paramakalyani</i> and <i>N. minutus</i> from Southeast Asia seems to indicate Asian affinities rather than an old Gondwanian origin. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus <i>Nigrobaetis</i> from different biogeographic areas would greatly help to solve this puzzle and determine the colonizing force.</p> <p> <b>Ecology</b>. The larvae were collected in a small perennial river, Gadana, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India, (9–10 m wide and 2–3 m depth) with slow water current (0.4m /s) on the Eastern part of southern Western Ghats. The water temperature ranged between 22˚C–25˚C (seasonal variations) and the pH between 6.5–7.4. The collecting site is adjacent to the Paramakalyani temple, Sivasailam. The substratum is mainly gravel with patches of grasses.</p>Published as part of <i>Kubendran, T., Balasubramanian, C., Selvakumar, C., Gattolliat, J. L. & Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., 2015, Contribution to the knowledge of Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang 1994, Nigrobaetis Novikova & Kluge 1987 and Labiobaetis Novikova & Kluge 1987 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Western Ghats (India), pp. 188-200 in Zootaxa 3957 (2)</i> on pages 193-195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3957.2.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/243146">http://zenodo.org/record/243146</a>
Tenuibaetis himani Kubendran, Vasanth & Subramanian 2022, sp. nov.
No full textTenuibaetis himani Kubendran, Vasanth & Subramanian sp. nov. (Figs 1A–B, 2A–I, 3A–I) Material examined. Holotype. Larva, INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Kinnaur district, Baspa River, Sangla Valley, 31°25′09″ N 78°16′07″ E, Alt. 2600 m. 27.IX.2017, Coll. T. Kubendran (Reg. No. HARC /I-6190). Paratypes. 3 larvae, same data as holotype (Reg. No. HARC /I-6191). Description. Mature larva (Figs 1A–B). Body length: 4.2–4.4 mm; cerci length 2.5–3.0 mm; paracercus length 1.5 mm; antenna 1.2× as long as head capsule length. Coloration. Head uniformly brown with a pair of medially pale white; brown with light yellow transverse band on the posterior half of mesonotum; base of clypeus pale yellow (Fig. 1A); dark or light brown tergal color pattern typical of the genus, with a pale-yellow transverse band on the posterior half of mesonotum; two paired pale-yellow maculae on abdominal terga IV–V and terga IX–X pale yellow; cerci light brown without a brown band at ca. ½ of cerci; thorax and abdomen ventrally brownish white, brighter than dorsally; legs light brown; femur dorsally pale and light brown apically, distomedially brown; claws distally brownish. Morphology. Antenna (Fig. 3C). Scape and pedicel sub-cylindrical, flagellum with thin and simple setae on apex of each segment. Labrum (Fig. 2A). Subrectangular with length 0.7× maximum width. Medial emargination of distal margin with a small, apically pointed process. Dorsally with many medium, fine, simple setae; submarginal arc of setae composed of 1+4 simple setae. Ventrally with marginal row of setae composed of lateral and anterolateral long, feathered setae and medial long, bifid, pectinate setae; ventral surface with two short, spine-like setae near lateral and anterolateral margin. Right mandible (Figs 2B, C). Incisors fused. Outer and inner sets of denticles with 3+3 denticles each. Prostheca slender, distolaterally denticulate. Margin between prostheca and mola without tubercle. Tuft of setae at apex of mola present. Left mandible (Figs 2D, E). Incisors fused. Outer and inner sets of denticles with 3+4 denticles each. Prostheca robust, apically with small denticles and comb-shape structure. Margin between prostheca and mola straight. Subtriangular process long and slender, above level of area between prostheca and mola. Denticles of mola apically constricted. Tuft of setae at apex of mola present. Both mandibles with lateral margins almost straight; basal half with fine, simple setae scattered over dorsal surface. Hypopharynx (Fig. 2F). Lingua approx. as long superlingua. Lingua longer than broad, distal half not expanded. Superlingua rounded, lateral margin rounded with thin setae along distal margin. Maxilla (Figs 2G, H). Maxilla apically with three canines and three dentisetae, lacinia with two rows of setae, one row with abundant thin setae ending with stout and long setae, second row with fine, long stout setae. Inner dorsal row of setae with three dentisetae, distal dentiseta tooth-like; middle dentiseta slender, bifid and serrate; proximal dentiseta slender, biserrate and with proximal furcation strongly developed and abducted. Medially with one feathered spine-like seta and 4–5 long, simple setae. Maxillary palp slightly longer than galea–lacinia; two segmented. Segment I equal in length to segment II. Apex of segment II rounded without nipple and without excavation at inner distolateral margin. Setae on maxillary palp fine and simple over surface of segments. Labium (Fig. 2I). Glossa shorter than paraglossa; inner margin with 6 spine-like setae. Most apical setae much longer than other setae; apex with one long, robust, spatulate setae and one medium, robust seta; outer margin with 4–5 spine-like setae, base with simple setae. Paraglossa subrectangular slightly curved inward; apex rounded with three rows of long robust distally pectinate setae in apical area and few simple setae in antero-medial area. Dorsally with a row of long spine-like setae near inner margin. Labial palp 3-segmented; segment I shorter than segments II and III combined. Segment II slightly produced inward to form a moderately expanded lobe at distal corner; dorsally with a row of fine medium simple setae; segment III conical, slightly asymmetrical with a small concavity at inner apex; covered with short stout spine-like setae. Segments II and III with fine simple setae scattered over dorsal surface. Hind wing pads (Fig. 3D). Present, well developed. Foreleg (Fig. 3F). Ratio of foreleg segments 1.1:1.0:0.5:0.2. Femur length ca. 3× maximum width. Dorsal margin with a row of ca 16–17 long, stout, apically rounded setae; length of setae 0.25× maximum width of femur. Apex rounded with a row of short, stout, pointed setae, many stouts lanceolate setae on lateral surface. Villopore well developed. Dorsal margin of tibia with a row of fine simple setae, stout setae absent; ventral margin with a row of 6–7 spine-like setae and a tuft of long, fine, simple setae; anterior surface scattered with stout, short, spatulate setae. Dorsal margin of tarsus with hair–like setae; ventral margin with 9–10 stout setae increasing in length towards apex. Claw (Fig. 3G) with a row of 11 denticles; distally pointed, 6–7 stripes, subapical setae absent. Terga (Fig. 3A–B). Surface with irregular rows of U-shaped scale bases and scattered fine, simple setae, with stripes and tergum IX irregular spines apically. Gills (Fig. 3H, I). Single lamellate gills present on segments I–VII. Margin with small denticles intercalating fine, simple setae. Abdominal gills I, II, VI and VII without visible trachea and III–V with poorly visible trachea. Tracheae limited to proximal part of main trunk. Paraproct (Fig. 3E). Distally not expanded, with 12–13 marginal stout spines. Surface scattered with micropores and fine simple setae, and with a patch of notched scales. Cercotractor with medium, marginal spines. Imago. Unknown. Etymology. The new species is named after the type locality located near snow (Himani meaning snow in Hindi), in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. Distribution. North Western Himalaya (Himachal Pradesh), India. Diagnosis. Larva. Tenuibaetis himani Kubendran, Vasanth & Subramanian sp. nov. can be distinguished from all known species of Tenuibaetis by the following combination of characters: (i) dark and light brown tergal colour pattern typical of the genus with a pale yellow transverse band on the posterior half of mesonotum, two paired pale yellow maculae on abdominal terga IV–V and terga IX–X pale yellow (Figs 1A–B); (ii) labrum dorsal submarginal arc of setae composed of one plus four simple setae (Fig. 2A); (iii) right mandible: canine with 3+3 denticles, prostheca slender, apically denticulate (Figs 2B–C); (iv) left mandible: canine with 3+4 denticles (Fig. 2D); (v) maxilla: distal dentiseta slender, trifid and pectinate; middle dentiseta slender, bifid and serrate; proximal dentiseta slender, biserrate and with proximal furcation strongly developed and abducted (Fig. 2H); (vi) labial palp segment II slightly produced inward to form a moderately expanded lobe at distal corner, segment III conical, slightly asymmetrical with a small concavity at inner apex (Fig. 2I); (vii) fore femur dorsal margin with 16–17 long, stout, apically rounded setae, anterior surface with a row of robust setae with median spine-like setae (Fig. 3F); (viii) claw with a row of 11 denticles, subapical seta absent (Fig. 3G); (ix) abdominal gills I, II, VI and VII without trachea and III–V with poorly developed trachea (Figs 3H, I); (x) paraproct distally not expanded, 12–13 marginal spines, surface with a patch of notched scales (Fig. 3E). Habitat. Tenuibaetis himani sp. nov. was collected in Baspa River (Fig. 14A) (from 3.5–5 m wide and 16–17 cm depth), Sangla Valley. This river is characterized by medium temperature 15–18 ° C and relative humidity 30–33% at the time of sampling, average current velocity (0.5 m /sec) and mainly gravel and pebbles at the bottom of river.Published as part of Kubendran, T., Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Gattolliat, Jean-Luc, Selvakumar, C., Jabeen, Fatima & Sinha, Bikramjit, 2022, Two new species and two new records of the genus Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang, 1994 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Indian Himalaya, pp. 511-534 in Zootaxa 5196 (4) on pages 512-514, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/723570
A new species and new record of the genus Platybaetis Müller-Liebenau, 1980 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Eastern Himalaya, India
No full textKubendran, T., Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Jabeen, Fatima, Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Mitra, Pallabi (2021): A new species and new record of the genus Platybaetis Müller-Liebenau, 1980 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Eastern Himalaya, India. Zootaxa 5047 (5): 575-582, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5047.5.
Three new species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with a new record of the genus Megaglena Peters and Edmunds, 1970
No full textVasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Selvakumar, C., Kubendran, T., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. (2021): Three new species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with a new record of the genus Megaglena Peters and Edmunds, 1970. Zootaxa 5076 (1): 56-70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.
FIGURES 5–10 in Three new species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with a new record of the genus Megaglena Peters and Edmunds, 1970
No full textFIGURES 5–10. Larva of Choroterpes (C.) andamanensis n. sp. 5. Right mandible; 6. Left mandible; 7. Maxilla; 8. Labium; 9. Foreleg; 10. Mid leg.Published as part of Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Selvakumar, C., Kubendran, T. & Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., 2021, Three new species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with a new record of the genus Megaglena Peters and Edmunds, 1970, pp. 56-70 in Zootaxa 5076 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/576332
FIGURES 21–30 in A new species and new record of the genus Platybaetis Müller-Liebenau, 1980 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Eastern Himalaya, India
No full textFIGURES 21–30. Platybaetis selvai sp. nov., Larva. 21. Gill I; 22. Gill II; 23. Gill III; 24. Gill IV; 25. Gill V; 26. Gill VI; 27. Gill VII; 28. Paraproct; 29. Antenna; 30. Hindwing pad.Published as part of Kubendran, T., Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Jabeen, Fatima, Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. & Mitra, Pallabi, 2021, A new species and new record of the genus Platybaetis Müller-Liebenau, 1980 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Eastern Himalaya, India, pp. 575-582 in Zootaxa 5047 (5) on page 580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5047.5.7, http://zenodo.org/record/554696
FIGURES 13 in Two new species and two new records of the genus Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang, 1994 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Indian Himalaya
No full textFIGURES 13. Localities: A, Tenuibaetis himani sp. nov.; B, Tenuibaetis kangi sp. nov.; C, Tenuibaetis arduus; D, Tenuibaetis inornatus.Published as part of Kubendran, T., Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Gattolliat, Jean-Luc, Selvakumar, C., Jabeen, Fatima & Sinha, Bikramjit, 2022, Two new species and two new records of the genus Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang, 1994 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Indian Himalaya, pp. 511-534 in Zootaxa 5196 (4) on page 530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/723570
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