4,838 research outputs found
Entry Costs, Intermediation, and Capital Flows
No full textIn this paper, we reexamine the question "Why doesn't capital flow from rich to poor countries?" posed, most recently, by Lucas (1990). We build a simple contracting framework where costly intermediation together with an adverse selection problem have quantitatively important effects on capital flows. When intermediation costs are ignored, the model behaves much like the neoclassical model in terms of capital returns. However, when intermediation costs are considered, the return for a given amount of capital can be non-monotonic in costs. Therefore, the combination of capital and cost differences across countries gives rise to a rich variation of returns, one that suggests a tendency for capital to flow to middle income countries, as seen in data. Indeed, when we embed the static return function in a two-country dynamic model, there is capital outflow from a poor country that removes capital controls and becomes open. We find that even though the closed economy dominates in terms of capital employed in production, it is the open economy that dominates in terms of income, consumption and welfare.Capital flows, Financial intermediation
FIGURE 55. A, B in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 55. A, B. Fore- and hind wings of exemplar species and genera of Rhinotermitidae. A. Schedorhinotermes sp. (New Guinea). B. Termitogeton umbilicatus (Hagen). C, D. Worker mandibles of exemplar Rhinotermitidae. C. Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt). D. Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar).Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 112, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
FIGURE 1. A in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 1. A. Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), the founder of taxonomy; B. Pierre A. Latreille, author of the family Termitidae; C. Charles De Geer, French naturalist; D. Johann C. Fabricius, Danish entomologist and one of the more successful "apostles" of Linnaeus.Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 12, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
FIGURE 51 in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 51. Soldiers of exemplar Rhinotermitidae. A, B. Dolichorhinotermes laneiarius Engel and Krishna. A. Major soldier. B. Minor soldier. C. Acorhinotermes subfuscipes (Emerson), minor soldier. Not to the same scale.Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 108, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
Fig. 2 in New Dolichorhinotermes from Ecuador and in Mexican Amber (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
No full textFig. 2. Dolichorhinotermes lanciarius Engel and Krishna, new species, minor soldier. A. Dorsal aspect of head and pronotum. B. Lateral aspect of head. Scale bar 5 0.5 mm.Published as part of ENGEL, MICHAEL S. & KRISHNA, KUMAR, 2007, New Dolichorhinotermes from Ecuador and in Mexican Amber (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), pp. 1-8 in American Museum Novitates 3592 on page 4, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3592[1:NDFEAI]2.0.CO;2, http://zenodo.org/record/538881
FIGURE 38 in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 38. Imago mandibles of exemplar Kalotermitidae. A. Kalotermes flavicollis (Fabricius). B. Paraneotermes simplicicornis (Banks). C. Ceratokalotermes spoliator (Hill). D. Incisitermes schwarzi (Banks). E. Bicornitermes bicornis Krishna. F. Bifiditermes madagascariensis (Wasmann). G. Glyptotermes tuberculatus Froggatt. H. Calcaritermes imminens (Snyder). I. Epicalotermes aethiopicus Silvestri.Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 90, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
FIGURE 62 in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 62. Reconstructions of four primitive fossil species and genera of termites from the Crato Formation, Early Cretaceous (Aptian, ca. 115 myo) of Brazil. A. Mariconitermes talicei Fontes and Vulcano. B. Cratomastotermes wolfschwenningeri Bechly. C. Cratokalotermes santanensis Bechly. D. Meiatermes araripena Krishna. Not to the same scale.Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 154, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
FIGURE 12. A in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 12. A. The University of California, Berkeley's Faculty of Zoology in 1944, with three illustrious contributors to termite systematics, biology, and evolution among its staff: Charles A. Kofoid, Harold Kirby, and Sol F. Light. Front row (left to right): Richard Goldschmidt, S.J. Holmes, Kofoid, H.B. Torrey, and Kirby. Second row: E. Raymond Hall, J.E. Gullberg, Alden H. Miller, Light, and S. C. Brooks. Third row: Ray L. Watterson and Richard M. Eakin. B. Laura Hare, author of the Nasutitermitinae, the largest subfamily of termites.Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 31, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
FIGURE 58 in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 58. Mandibles with molar plates of exemplar species and genera of Termitidae (redrawn from Sands, 1998). A, B. Apicotermitinae. A. Skatitermes psammophilus Coaton. B. Jugositermes sp. C, D. Cubitermitinae. C. Procubitermes arboricola (Sjöstedt). D. Megagnathotermes notandus Silvestri. E. Sphaerotermes sphaerothorax (Sjöstedt) (Sphaerotermitinae). F. Foraminitermes tubifrons Holmgren (Foraminitermitinae).Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 121, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
FIGURE 59 in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 59. Mandibles with molar plates of exemplar species and genera of Termitidae (redrawn from Sands, 1998). A. Termes hospes (Sjöstedt) (Termitinae). B–D. Nasutitermitinae. B. Trinervitermes trinervius (Rambur). C. Grallatotermes africanus Harris. D. Mimeutitermes edentatus Sands. E. Macrotermes bellicosus (Smeathman) (Macrotermitinae).Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 122, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
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