1,720,984 research outputs found
Analytical Ancestry: “Firsts” in Fluorescent Labeling of Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids
Full text linkFluorescently labeled nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids are important types of reagents for biological assay methods and underpin current methods of chromosome analysis, gel staining, DNA sequencing and quantitative PCR. Although these methods use predominantly organic fluorophores, new types of particulate fluorophores in the form of nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotubes may provide the basis of a new generation of fluorescent labels and nucleic acid detection methods
Future Perspectives on Nucleic Acid testing
No full textThe molecular structure of DNA was established in 1953, and the genetic code was deciphered in 1966. There followed a rapid surge in both fundamental and applied nucleic acid research that laid the foundation for in vitro nucleic acid-based diagnostic tests, and culminated in the draft sequence of the 3.2 gigabase human genome in 2000 (1, 2) (see also the Smithsonian Institute Archives, DNA sequencing and video history collection; http://siris-archives.si.edu).
During this period the regulatory approval of in vitro nucleic acid tests has proceeded at a relatively cautious pace. In 1985 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the first clearance for a clinical diagnostic based on nucleic acid probe technology to Gen-Probe Inc. (San Diego, CA) for a culture confirmation test for Legionnaire’s disease, and in 1988 approved a test for detecting infection by the human papilloma virus (ViraPap assay, Life Technologies Inc., Rockville, MD) as an indicator of risk for the development of cervical cancer. The FDA approved the first viral load test in 1999 (the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Test), and the first DNA-based laboratory test for an inherited disorder in 2003, when they approved a test for blood clotting abnormalities arising from the Factor V Leiden and the Factor II genetic abnormalities.
The issues confronting nucleic acid testing are diverse and incompletely resolved. For example, the medical significance of DNA sequence variation is as yet, not fully understood. Also, none of the current sequencing or testing methods is either simple or direct, and this drives continuing innovation in sample preparation and testing technology. Finally, the advent of nucleic acid testing has generated legal and ethical issues over access and dissemination of an individual’s DNA sequence. This chapter reviews key issues in nucleic acid testing, and surveys selected advances and new directions in nucleic acid assay technology since 2000, and also explores some of the continuing challenges to the implementation of nucleic acid tests
Mutation detection using ligase chain reaction in passivated silicon-glass microchips and microchip capillary electrophoresis
No full textAcute Myeloid Leukemia
Full text linkAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network has demonstrated the increasing genomic complexity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, the network has facilitated our understanding of the molecular events leading to this deadly form of malignancy for which the prognosis has not improved over past decades. AML is a highly heterogeneous disease, and cytogenetics and molecular analysis of the various chromosome aberrations including deletions, duplications, aneuploidy, balanced reciprocal translocations and fusion of transcription factor genes and tyrosine kinases has led to better understanding and identification of subgroups of AML with different prognoses. Furthermore, molecular classification based on mRNA expression profiling has facilitated identification of novel subclasses and defined high-, poor-risk AML based on specific molecular signatures. However, despite increased understanding of AML genetics, the outcome for AML patients whose number is likely to rise as the population ages, has not changed significantly. Until it does, further investigation of the genomic complexity of the disease and advances in drug development are needed. In this review, leading AML clinicians and research investigators provide an up-to-date understanding of the molecular biology of the disease addressing advances in diagnosis, classification, prognostication and therapeutic strategies that may have significant promise and impact on overall patient survival
The future of laboratory medicine - A 2014 perspective.
Full text linkPredicting the future is a difficult task. Not surprisingly, there are many examples and assumptions that have proved to be wrong. This review surveys the many predictions, beginning in 1887, about the future of laboratory medicine and its sub-specialties such as clinical chemistry and molecular pathology. It provides a commentary on the accuracy of the predictions and offers opinions on emerging technologies, economic factors and social developments that may play a role in shaping the future of laboratory medicine
Novel BRET-based biosensors with a new bioluminescent donor, Gaussia luciferase, for estrogen and androgen receptor ligands
No full textDevelopment of multiplexed bioluminescent cell-based assay with luc gene from Luciola italica for high throughput screening of cholesterol-lowering drugs
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