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Evaluation of cannabidiol stability in cosmetic products by measuring its content
Full text linkKanabidiol (CBD) je eden od kanabinoidov, najdenih v rastlini konoplji (Cannabis sativa L.). Ima relativno nizko toksičnost, povzroča malo znanih neželenih učinkov in ker ni psihoaktiven, ni uvrščen med prepovedane droge. Kanabinoide se vedno več uporablja v zdravilih, kozmetiki in prehranskih dopolnilih. Baza kozmetičnih sestavin Evropske komisije, CosIng, CBD navaja v svojem seznamu sestavin, ki so dovoljene za kozmetično uporabo. Kozmetični izdelki morajo biti varni, kakovostni in učinkoviti. Na njihovo kakovost vpliva tudi stabilnost, ki mora biti zagotovljena skozi celotno obdobje uporabe. CBD dobro prehaja skozi kožo, zato je možna uporaba mazil in transdermalnih obližev. CBD ima nevrozaščitni, antiepileptični, antipsihotični, analgetični, protivnetni, in protitumorni učinek. V Evropi in Ameriki je odobrena zdravilna učinkovina CBD in se uporablja v zdravilih z dovoljenjem za promet Sativex® in Epidiolex®.
V magistrski nalogi smo obravnavali stabilnost CBD v kozmetičnih izdelkih. Spremljali smo vpliv pogojev: svetlobe in temperature (4 °C, 25 °C in 40 °C), vpliv vsebnikov (plastična epruveta, plastičen lonček, brezzračna črpalka in aluminijasta tuba) in vpliv formulacij (krema za obraz brez in s konzervansom, krema za roke, regenerativna krema). Vsebnost CBD smo v obdobju treh mesecev ugotavljali s tekočinsko kromatografijo visoke ločljivosti.
Pri spremljanju vpliva temperature smo ugotovili, da razpad CBD s temperaturo narašča. V plastični epruveti je bil pri vzorcih brez konzervansa najmanjši razpad CBD pri 4 °C: 2,2 %, največji razpad pa pri 40 °C, in sicer, 14,1 %. Iz rezultatov je razvidno tudi, da ima svetloba vpliv na razpad CBD. Večji razpad CBD je bil viden pri vzorcih, izpostavljenih svetlobi.
Pri primerjavi vsebnikov se je za najboljšega izkazala aluminijasta tuba, ki ne prepušča svetlobe in zraka. Med vsemi formulacijami pa je bil CBD najbolj stabilen v kremi za obraz, kjer je bil razpad po treh mesecih 2,9 %, sledila je krema za roke z razpadom 4,6 %, za najslabšo pa se je izkazala regenerativna krema, kjer je razpadlo 13,2 % CBD.
Pri vseh vzorčenjih se je prisotnost konzervansa naravnega izvora izkazala za negativno, saj je bila stabilnost CBD slabša ob njegovi prisotnosti.Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.). It has relatively low toxicity, causes little known side effects and is not psychoactive and therefore not enlisted among illicit drugs. Cannabinoids are used in medicines, cosmetics and nutritional supplements. In the European Commission\u27s cosmetic ingredients database, CosIng, CBD is authorized as approved cosmetic substance. Cosmetic products must be safe, of good quality and effective. Their quality is also affected by stability, which must be ensured throughout the period of use. CBD passes well through the skin, so ointments and transdermal patches are possible. CBD has neuroprotective, antiepileptic, antipsychotic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Europe and United States of America have approved Sativex® and Epidiolex®, which contain CBD as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
In Master thesis we evaluated the stability of CBD in cosmetic products. We monitored the effect of conditions: light and temperature (4 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C), containers (plastic tube, plastic pot, airless pump and aluminum tube) and formulations (preservative and preservative-free face cream, hand cream and regenerative cream). The CBD content was determined over a three-month period by high-performance liquid chromatography.
In monitoring the effect of temperature, we found that the decay of CBD increased with temperature. In the plastic tube, the minimum decay of CBD at 4 °C was 2.2% for the preservative free-face cream, and the highest decay was at 40 °C, namely 14.1%. The results show that light has an effect on the decay of CBD. Greater decay of CBD was seen in samples exposed to light. When comparing the containers, the aluminum tube, which does not transmit light and air, proved to be the best.
According to obtained results, most stable formulations were found in preservative-free face cream, with a decay of 2.9% after three months, followed by hand cream with a decay of 4.6%, and the worst was the regenerative cream, where it decomposed 13.2% of CBD.
We conclude, that the presence of a preservative of natural origin, was found to be negative, as the stability of CBD was impaired in its presence
Influence of sample\u27s matrix on analysis of hypericin standard and St. John\u27s wort extracts with high-performance liquid chromatography
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No full textCondormity assessment of the community herbal monographs with assessment reports, legislation and guidelines
No full textCorelation between genetic - physiological characteristic of a person and body odour preference and odour of selected compounds
No full textIdentification and quantification of aroma compounds of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) with gas chromatography
No full textScreening for corticosteroid addition in ointments containing natural extracts by applying the method of thin layer chromatography
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Optimization of the method for spectrophotometric determination of the inhibition of pancreatic lipase plant extracts
No full textAntioxidant activity of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.) branch extracts
Full text linkPri jablani in hruški, ki sta v Sloveniji pomembni sadni vrsti, ob vsakoletni rezi in pri obnovi nasadov nastaja odpad (veje in les), ki se ga zmulči ali uporabi za kurjavo. Ta odpad bi lahko koristno uporabili v namene pridobivanja fenolnih antioksidantov, saj kozmetična industrija sledi trendom uporabe naravnih sestavin. Zato smo želeli preveriti vsebnost skupnih fenolov in antioksidativno aktivnost v vejah jablane in hruške. Prav tako nas je zanimalo, katera sadna vrsta in njihove sorte imajo večjo vsebnost fenolnih spojin in antioksidativno aktivnost, ali obstajajo razlike med različno debelimi vejami v vsebnosti skupnih fenolov in antioksidativno aktivnostjo ter ali je vsebnost fenolnih spojin in antioksidativna aktivnost različna med rastno dobo in mirovanjem. Ker je procesni postopek dolgotrajen, smo želeli preveriti, ali se vsebnost skupnih fenolov in antioksidativna aktivnost s podaljševanjem časa od rezi do analize vej spreminja. Po Folin – Ciocalteu-jevi metodi smo določili vsebnost skupnih fenolov, s pomočjo DPPH in ABTS metod smo ugotavljali, kakšna je antioksidativna aktivnost. Ugotovili smo, da v vsebnosti fenolnih spojin ni bilo statistično značilnih razlik med sadnima vrstama, medtem ko je bila pri hruški antioksidativna aktivnost večja v primerjavi z jablano. Sorta, tako pri jablani kot pri hruški, ni vplivala na vsebnost fenolnih spojin, pri antioksidativni aktivnost pri sortah hruške ni bilo razlik, medtem ko je pri jablani izstopala sorta \u27Granny Smith\u27 z največjo antioksidativno aktivnostjo. Debelina odrezanih vej ni imela vpliva na vsebnost fenolnih spojin in antioksidativno aktivnost, kar je ugodno z vidika uporabe odpadlih vej in lesa za industrijske namene. V stadiju tik pred cvetenjem imata obe sadni vrsti večjo antioksidativno aktivnost kot v fazi mirovanja, medtem ko razlik v vsebnosti skupnih fenolov ni bilo. Priporočamo, da se opravijo še dodatne analize posameznih fenolov in antioksidativne aktivnosti, ki bodo natančneje pojasnile antioksidativno aktivnost in vsebnost fenolnih spojin v izvlečkih vej jablane in hruške.Apple and pear are important fruit trees in Slovenia. During the annual cut and orchards renovation waste (branches and wood) is formed, which is mulched or used as firewood. This waste could be useful source for the production of phenolic antioxidants, as the cosmetics industry follows the trend of using natural ingredients. Therefore, we wanted to check the content of total phenols and the anti-oxidative activity in branches of apple in pear trees. We were also interested in which fruit species and their variety have a higher content of phenolic compounds and anti-oxidative activity, or are there differences between various branch thickness in the total phenol content and anti-oxidative activity, and whether the content of phenolic compounds and the anti-oxidative activity is different during the growing season or winter dormancy. Since the process is long, we wanted to check whether the total phenols content and anti-oxidative activity are changing with the extension of time from branch cutting to analysis. According to the Folin - Ciocalteu method, we determined the content of total phenols, and with DPPH and ABTS methods we determined the anti-oxidative activity. We found that in the content of phenolic compounds there were no statistically significant differences between fruit species, but anti-oxidative activity was higher for extracts made from pear branches. Varieties, both for apple and pear, did not affect the content of phenolic compoundsthere was no difference in anti-oxidative activity in pear varieties, while apple variety \u27Granny Smith\u27 had the highest anti-oxidative activity. The thickness of the branches does not affect the content of phenolic compounds and anti-oxidative activity, which is advantageous for the use of waste branches and wood for industrial purposes. In the hollow ball stage (right before blooming), both fruit species have a higher anti-oxidative activity, while there were no differences in the content of total phenols. It is recommended that additional analyses of individual phenols and anti-oxidative activity are carried out, which will more precisely explain the anti-oxidative potential and the content of phenolic compounds in the branch extract of apple and pear trees
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