111,849 research outputs found
The Data Control in the System of Residual Classes
No full textThis work discusses issues related to the development and application of methods for improving the efficiency of operation based on the use of the codes of the system of residual classes (SRC). The research is aimed at presents the methods of data operational control in the SRC. The main focus is given to the control methods based on the principle of nullification of numbers in the SRC. It is shown that the resulting redundancy with the introduction of one additional (control) base provides control and correction of errors in the process of performing operations. The algorithms developed and presented in the work allow modeling the data control unit for the practical implementation of the proposed methods. The analysis is performed and the calculated data of the implementation time of the control operation for the considered methods of nullification is obtained, and the conditional amount of the control system equipment is also calculated
Synthesis of the Structure of a Computer System Functioning in Residual Classes
No full textAn important task of designing complex computer systems is to ensure high reliability. Many authors investigate this problem and solve it in various ways. Most known methods are based on the use of natural or artificially introduced redundancy. This redundancy can be used passively and/or actively with (or without) restructuring of the computer system. This article explores new technologies for improving fault tolerance through the use of natural and artificially introduced redundancy of the applied number system. We consider a non-positional number system in residual classes and use the following properties: independence, equality, and small capacity of residues that define a non-positional code structure. This allows you to: parallelize arithmetic calculations at the level of decomposition of the remainders of numbers; implement spatial spacing of data elements with the possibility of their subsequent asynchronous independent processing; perform tabular execution of arithmetic operations of the base set and polynomial functions with single-cycle sampling of the result of a modular operation. Using specific examples, we present the calculation and comparative analysis of the reliability of computer systems. The conducted studies have shown that the use of non-positional code structures in the system of residual classes provides high reliability. In addition, with an increase in the bit grid of computing devices, the efficiency of using the system of residual classes increases. Our studies show that in order to increase reliability, it is advisable to reserve small nodes and blocks of a complex system, since the failure rate of individual elements is always less than the failure rate of the entire computer system
Academician Timofey Petrovich Krasnobayev (1865–1952) (on the 155<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the birthday)
No full textAcademician Timofey Krasnobayev was born on March 6, 1865 in Smolensk, in a poor hairdresser ‘s family. After graduating from the gymnasium, Timofey Petrovich entered the Medical Faculty of the Moscow University. After graduated from the University in 1888, T. P. Krasnobayev worked for a year as an external student at the Smolensk provincial hospital and then returned to Moscow. At the very beginning of 1903, the Moscow City Administration sent Timofey Petrovich on a 6-month scientific mission to Western Europe to familiarize with children’s hospitals and their surgical departments and to study orthopaedic surgery. T. P. Krasnobayev was the ideologist of the system of prevention of secondary intra-hospital diseases in children. T. P. Krasnobayev made the greatest contribution to the development of child traumatology and orthopaedics. Timofey Petrovich had given more than 50 years to study the issues of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bone-joint tuberculosis in children and is undoubtedly a luminary and a gene rally recognized authority in this section of pediatrics. T. P. Krasnobayev has a great merit in the organization of the X-ray service at the children’s hospital. He published about 70 scientific papers on pediatric surgery and made more than 150 reports. Academician Timofey Petrovich Krasnobayev died on October 11, 1952
Design of a residual adder in computer systems
No full textThe purpose of this article is to consider an algorithm for synthesizing the structure of the adder of two residuals ai and bi numbers A = (a1, a2,..., ai,..., ak ) and B = (b1, b2,..., bi,..., bk ) for an arbitrary value of the module mi of the residual class system (RCS), by organizing inter-bit connections between binary one-bit adders (BOA), the combination of which makes up the structure of modulo adder. The algorithm for the synthesis of adders by arbitrary modules is based on the usage of existing adders by module M = 2n -1, which consists of a set of sequentially located BOA, by introducing and using additional inter-bit connections of the form X↓i↑ j. Specific examples of the synthesis of structures of binary adders for various values of the RCS modules mi are given
Method of diagnostic of non-positional code structures in the system of residue classes basing on the usage of an alternative number set informativeness
No full textA method of diagnosis of data represented in the system of residue classes (SRC) is suggested in the article. It is shown, that the main disadvantage of existing methods of diagnosis data in SRC is a significant time of data diagnosis while the necessity of entering heavy informational redundancy to non-positional code structure (NCS) in SRC. The considered in the article method of diagnosis data in SRC allows increasing operability of a diagnosis procedure while entering minimal informational redundancy. The time of data diagnostic, compared to known methods, is decreasing firstly due to excluding the procedure of transforming numbers in SRC to positional notation as in known methods, i. e. eliminating a positional operation of numbers comparing. Secondly, the time of data diagnostic is decreased by reducing the quantity of SRC bases, which are giving the possibility of mistakes. Thirdly, the time of data diagnostic is decreased due to the usage of tabular sample value of an alternative set (AS) of numbers in SRC in one beat. The quantity of additionally entered informational redundancy is decrease by effective usage of inner informational redundancy existing in NCS. A specific example of the usage of the suggested method of diagnosis data in SRC is given. Therefore, the suggested method allows reducing the time of diagnosis of data errors in NCS, represented in SRC, which is increasing the diagnostic operability while entering minimal informational redundancy
Algorithms for determining residues modulo in a complex numerical domain
No full textAn important aspect of improving modern computer systems and their components is an increasing the speed of arithmetic calculations, including due to the use of new mathematical models and methods based on non-positional residue number systems. The increase in the volume of processed data in modern computer systems leads to the additional risks and threats of unintentional failures and denials of service. This is especially important when building fault-tolerant critical information systems in which failure or denial of service can lead to catastrophic consequences. The article discusses arithmetic operations in the ring of residue classes. These techniques make it possible to implement fast and fault-tolerant computing for modern computer systems and telecommunication networks. We propose an algorithm for calculating the residues of integer data in a complex numerical domain. The algorithm is based on the use of the first fundamental Gauss theorem, which establishes an isomorphism between complex and real residues. Examples of determining the residues of integer data in a complex numerical domain are presented, which clearly demonstrate the constructiveness of the proposed techniques
The Procedure for Implementing the Operation of Multiplying Two Matrices Using the Residual Number System
No full textThe report considers solution to the problem of improving the speed implementation of the operation of multiplying two square matrices of the same dimension. To carry out calculations and comparative analysis of the speed of the multiplication operation, we consider a computer system (CS) in the positional binary number system (PNS) and in the non-positional number system in the residual classes (the residual number system - RNS). A comparative analysis of the performance of the CS was carried out with the same characteristics of the computing system: equal lengths of bit grids, the same command systems, the same methods of addressing operands and instructions, the same clock speed of the processor, the equal number of program commands, etc. When calculating the speed of the matrix multiplication operation, the fastest data processing method in RNS was used, based on the tabular principle
Detecting hidden information in fat
No full textVarious steganographic methods are used to hide information. Some of them allow you to reliably hide the fact of storage and transmission of information data. This paper analysis the methods of technical steganography that are based on hiding information messages into the structure of the FAT file system by reordering particular clusters of specially selected files (cover files). These methods allow you to reliably hide information in the file system structure, while redundancy is not explicitly entered anywhere. This means that the hidden information is not explicitly contained in the service fields or individual clusters of the file system, the size of the data stored on the physical storage medium does not change. Such steganographic systems are very difficult to detect, it is almost impossible to identify the fact of hiding information by traditional methods. The steganographic analysis technique based on the study of file system properties was developed. In particular, we analyzed the fragmentation of various files stored on a physical medium, and examine the statistical properties of various types, sizes and uses of files. Identification of anomalous properties may indicate a possible reordering of clusters of individual files, i.e. this will detect hidden information. The study of these principles is important for a better understanding of the design and counteraction of steganographic systems based on the methods of reordering clusters of cover files in the structure of the FAT. Thus, this article substantiates new approaches to steganoanalysis of cluster file systems for information hidingю. They are based on a statistical analysis of file systems of various data carriers, as well as an assessment of the fragmentation level of both individual files and the entire file system
Artificial Intelligence and Number System in Residual Classes
No full textThis article discusses a model of the process of information processing by the human brain, based on the assumption that the storage and processing of information is carried out in a non-positional number system in residual classes (RNS). When accepting the hypothesis about the holographic principle of information processing by the human brain, the expediency and effectiveness of building artificial intelligence systems based on the information processing model in the RNS is obvious. This is due to the fact that the principles and methods of information processing in the RNS are in good agreement with modern concepts and ideas about the process of information processing by the human brain. The accuracy of the description (representation) of the information object G depends on the number and values of the RNS bases. So, the larger the number of RNS bases and the larger they are in value, the more accurately the information object G is described by means of frames. This fact confirms the expediency of using the RNS
Solving the Shortest Path Problem Using Integer Residual Arithmetic
No full textThe report considers solution to the problem of routing, the essence of which is to determine the shortest path length between any pair of computer network subscribers represented as an undirected graph, as one of the possible methods to increase the speed and performance of computer systems (CS). To carry out calculations and comparative analysis of the speed and productivity of CS in a positional binary number system (PNS) and in a non-positional number system in residual classes (residual number system-RNS), we consider one practical problem. Task is the routing problem, the essence of which is to determine the shortest path length, that is, to find the optimal data transmission route in the computer network
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