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Geschichte der Aerostatik, historisch, physisch und mathematisch ausgeführt
No full text[von Christian Kramp]Frontispiz (Medaillonportr.), Titelkupfe
Pamphilius graciloides Shinohara, Kramp & Taeger, 2022
No full textPlate(s) of specimen(s) in high resolution.
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Shinohara, A.; Kramp, K.; Taeger, A. 2022: The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). - Zootaxa, Auckland 5167(1): 1-251.</p
Pamphilius belokobylskiji Shinohara, Kramp & Taeger, 2022
No full textPlate(s) of specimen(s) in high resolution.
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Shinohara, A.; Kramp, K.; Taeger, A. 2022: The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae). - Zootaxa, Auckland 5167(1): 1-251.</p
Ptychogena crocea Kramp & Dumas 1925
No full textPtychogena crocea Kramp & Dumas, 1925 Figs 3-4 Ptychogona crocea Kramp & Dumas, 1925: 290, pl. 1 figs 1-7. ‒ Kramp, 1933: 558, fig. 21. ‒ Russell, 1940: 519, figs 18-19, nematocysts. – Rees, 1952: 8, record Bergen, Norway. – Kramp, 1959: 137, fig. 158. – Kramp, 1961: 146. ‒ Hosia & Båmstedt, 2007: 116, records Norway, Kors- and Fanafjord. ? Ptychogona crocea. ‒ Léon et al., 2007: 57, record Cape Verde Islands. in part Lafoea plicatilis M. Sars, 1863: 31. ? in part Stegopoma plicatile. – Kramp, 1913: 15, figs 1-2. – Broch, 1918: 26, fig. 8. – Edwards, 1973: 590. – Cornelius, 1995: 114, fig. 25. – Schuchert, 2001: 51, fig. 37A-E. Type locality: Norway, Romsdal, deep waters of Moldefjord. References: For the medusa Kramp & Dumas (1925), for the hydroid Cornelius (1995) and Schuchert (2001).Published as part of Peter Schuchert, Aino Hosia & Lucas Leclère, 2017, Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding, pp. 167-182 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (1) on page 177, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.32267
Octophialucium Kramp 1955
No full textGenus Octophialucium Kramp, 1955 Octophialucium Kramp, 1955b: 256; type species Octocanna medium Kramp, 1955 (designation in Kramp, 1961). Diagnosis: Medusa without gastric peduncle, manubrium with eight lips; usually eight radial canals, variable in some species from 6 to 11; gonads on radial canals, separated from manubrium; tentacle bulbs with adaxial excretory papillae; no permanent atentaculate marginal bulbs, only developing tentacular bulbs; with closed statocysts; no ocelli; no cirri. Hydroid colony stolonal; hydrotheca pedicellate, with a conical operculum formed by numerous convergent segments that are not clearly demarcated from hydrothecal wall; hydranth with intertentacular web; gonothecae claviform, arising from stolons.Published as part of Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard, 2021, Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream, pp. 237-356 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2) on page 306, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0049, http://zenodo.org/record/563993
Euphysilla pyramidata Kramp 1955
No full textEuphysilla pyramidata Kramp, 1955 Fig. 17 A-I Euphysilla pyramidata Kramp, 1955b: 245, pl. 1 fig. 1, pl. 2 fig. 3. – Kramp, 1959a: 90, fig. 42. – Kramp, 1961: 39. – Kramp, 1965: 4. – Kramp, 1968: 17, fig. 33. – Vannucci & Santhakumari, 1969: 40. – Schmidt, 1973: 16. – Hamond, 1974: 554, figs 4-6. – Segura-Puertas, 1984: pl. 2 fig. 2. – Petersen, 1990: 135, fig. 7B. – Xu & Huang, 2004: 560, fig. 9. ? not Euphysilla pyramidata. – Bouillon, 1978b: 259, figs 7 & 8.1-2. Examined material: BFLA4396; 1 specimen; 17-MAY-2020; size 2.5 mm; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence MW528719. – BFLA4397; 1 specimen; 17-MAY-2020; size 2 mm; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence MW528720. – BFLA4402; 1 specimen; 26-MAY- 2020; size 3 mm; preserved in formalin and deposited as UF-014043. – BFLA4468; 1 specimen; 17-JUN- 2020; size 3 mm; preserved in formalin and deposited as UF-014073. – BFLA4478; 1 specimen; 18-JUN-2020; size 4 mm; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical MW528719. Observations: Umbrella 2-4 mm in height, oviform, with apical thickening of very variable height, lateral walls thin, exumbrella with scattered nematocysts. Above manubrium an apical chamber, without apparent connection to gastric cavity, size variable depending on size of apical process (Fig. 17 A-C). Manubrium an inverted cone, as long as bell cavity, base broad and cruciform in life (Fig. 17D), more square-shaped when preserved, upper part of manubrium cylindrical, narrowing to tubular lower part of manubrium ending in small, circular mouth. All observed medusae were budding medusae, buds in groups on all four perradial sides of the manubrium in about the middle of the manubrium. Gonad-like opaque tissue layer covers manubrium above buds. Colour of manubrium intensively yellow-orange. Radial canals connected to manubrium by apparent short mesenteries (giving cruciform manubrium base), thin; circular canal more rectangular than circular. Four tentacles, contracted about half the length of the bell height, each with 8-12 crescent-shaped, clasping nematocyst pads, all in one row on adaxial side, terminal button ovoid, as wide as rest of tentacle. Four tentacle bulbs relatively small, orange-yellow, without well visible ocelli, but a faint reddish spots may be present on abaxial tentacle base (Fig. 17A). Nematocyst (Fig. 17 F-I, preserved tissue, sizes approximative): small stenoteles (7x10 µm), large stenoteles (12x13 µm), desmonemes (4x9 µm), spherical microbasic eurytele with barbed filament, shaft appears without barbs (7x10 µm). 16S Data: The three obtained 16S sequences represented two haplotypes, differing in only one base pair of 588. A blastn search in GenBank singled out a sequence (LT 714182) with very high similarity (99.3%, Fig. 21). The sequence was obtained from a Sphaerocoryne polyp collected in the Maldives archipelago. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas. Western Africa (Kramp, 1955b); Gulf of Mexico (Segura- Puertas et al., 2003); Indian Ocean (Kramp, 1965; Vannucci & Santhakumari, 1969; Hamond, 1974); Red Sea (Schmidt, 1973); Bismarck Sea (Bouillon, 1978b); Taiwan Strait (Xu & Huang, 2004); tropical eastern Pacific Ocean from Peru to Mexico (Segura-Puertas, 1984). Type locality: Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Guinea, off the coast of Bénin; WGS84 6.01667, 2.35000; depth 0-10 m. Remarks: Euphysilla pyramidata has not been recorded frequently, this despite its apparent circumglobal distribution. Kramp’s type specimen had no medusa buds, but he states that it had developed gonads. Euphysilla pyramidata with medusa buds were then reported in nearly all descriptions subsequent to Kramp (1955 b, 1965) (see synonymy above). Hammond (1974) found both forms. Except for the medusa buds, our specimens matched Kramp (1955b) quite well, including the yellow manubrium colour, although in Kramp’s formalin preserved material the remaining colour had become faint. The differences of our specimens and Kramp’s description in the shape of the manubrium (quadratic versus cruciform manubrium base, wide mouth versus narrow) can easily be attributed to fixation artefacts, viz. the type specimen having been preserved with an inflated stomach. Moreover, the stomach base depicted by Kramp (1955b: pl. 2 fig. 3) is more cruciform than quadratic. Kramp (1955b) did not mention an apical chamber, but his figure 1 on plate 1 shows such a chamber, although only faintly. Euphysilla pyramidata medusae reported from the Pacific Ocean by Bouillon (1978b) have some differences to our material. First, the apical thickening, hence likely also the apical chamber, is absent and the umbrella is more spherical, thus unlike the type specimen figured in Kramp (1955b). Second, Bouillon (1978b) also describes the colour of the manubrium as rose-orange and the one of the bulbs as having a hue of red. Whether these are species level or population level differences remains to be investigated by genetic examinations. Perhaps Bouillon’s medusae are referrable to Euphysilla tubularia Huang, Xu & Lin, 2015, from which they appear not objectively separable. The tubular part of the manubrium in the mouth region in Euphysilla tubularia is certainly only a fixtion artefact. We observed the same in the present material. It is thus probable that E. pyramidata as currently perceived is a complex of species. As in other genera, including information on the polyp stage might change its scope. The 16S sequences gave a surprising match with a hydroid of the genus Sphaerocoryne from the Maldives (LT 714182, Maggioni et al., 2017). The author of this sequence, Dr Davide Maggioni, kindly let us know that a publication describing this colony is currently in preparation.Published as part of Schuchert, Peter & Collins, Richard, 2021, Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream, pp. 237-356 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2) on pages 265-266, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0049, http://zenodo.org/record/563993
Octophialucium indicum Kramp 1958
No full textOctophialucium indicum Kramp, 1958 Fig. 16 A-D Octocanna polynema. – Menon, 1932: 23, pl. 3 fig. 25. [not Octocanna polynema Haeckel, 1879 = species inquirenda] Octophialucium indicum Kramp, 1958: 347, figs 2a-b. – Kramp, 1961: 184. ‒ Kramp, 1965: 72. – Kramp, 1968: 87, fig. 235. – Bouillon & Barnett, 1999: 90, fig. 89. ‒ Xu et al., 2014: 623, fig. 510A-B. Octophialucium funerarium. – Wear, 1965: 7, fig. 3 E. [not Oc- tophialucium funerarium (Quoy & Gaimard, 1827)] Material examined: Numerous mature medusae; Greta Point, Evans Bay, Wellington, New Zealand; 41.3055° S 174.8023° E; surface plankton; 15.11.1993 and 02.02.1994; material used in part for the study of Bouillon & Barnett (1999). ‒ MHNG-INVE-29970, 10 medusae; same locality as previous lot; 26.10.1994; one medusa used to extract DNA sample N 126; 16 S AY 787897, 18 S FJ 550522, 28 S FJ 550375; DNA extract of second medusa (sample DNA 1167) resulted in identical 16 S as AY787897. Description of NZ material: Octophialucium medusa with bell diameter up to 15 mm, bell flatter than a hemisphere, bell rim somewhat incurved, lateral walls thin and relatively straight, apical jelly thick (1/2 or more of total height). Velum narrow, about 1/10 of radius. Manubrium short, cross-section an eightpointed star, 8 more or less crenulated lips. Eight radial canals. Gonads short, sausage-shaped, along distal fourth of radial canals but not reaching circular canal. Eight perradial tentacles and 0-8 additional tentacles between perradial tentacles, thus when fully grown usually 16 tentacles in total. Tentacles thin, relatively short. Between each pair of tentacles 3 rudimentary bulbs, small, without tentacle rudiments. All bulbs with very short, conical excretory papilla projecting into subumbrella, difficult to observe. Bulbs without abaxial spurs. Statocysts closed, oval vesicles along circular canal, 32 or more, small, with 2 (occasionally 1 or 3) concretions. Tissues colourless. Variation: younger stages have only 4 radial canals, the interradial canals develop by outgrowth from the manubrium. Younger stages may have four developing gonads only. Hydroid unknown. Distribution: Tropical Indo-West-Pacific from Madagascar to Tahiti and New Zealand (Kramp, 1965). Type locality: Sittwe (formerly Akyab) Harbour, Burma, surface plankton. Similar species: The Atlantic Octophialucium medium Kramp, 1955 is very similar, differing only in the more elongated gonads. Another similar species is Octophialucium sinensis Huang, Xu, Guo & Qiu, 2010, but this species has only 8 tentacles and smaller bulbs with tentacle rudiments. Octophialucium funerarium (Quoy & Gaimard, 1827) from the NE Atlantic has considerably more tentacles, 64-128. Remarks: The identification of the present material was largely based on Bouillon & Barnett (1999), who also had part of this material at their disposal. However, there is one marked difference of the New Zealand material to the original description given in Kramp (1958): the excretory papillae are not long and conspicuous, they are rather small and very inconspicuous (Fig. 16 B-C). Additionally, there are fewer tentacles (max. 16 versus 19-28). While the tentacle number difference is likely not significant for a species level distinction, the different excretory papillae could indicate that we have a distinguishable morphotype and perhaps also a different species or a subspecies. It is possible that not all known nominal Octophialucium species are really distinct. Little is known about the interpopulation variation in Octophialucium species and only molecular genetic studies can reliably assess the status of the different Octophialucium species (for species see Schuchert, 2017b; Kramp, 1955b; 1961). Family Aequoreidae Eschscholtz, 1829 Genus Aequorea Péron & Lesueur, 1810Published as part of Peter Schuchert, 2017, Systematic notes on some leptomedusa species with a description of Neotima galeai n. spec. (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria), pp. 351-375 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (2) on pages 367-368, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.89354
Corydendrium dispar Kramp 1935
No full textCorydendrium dispar Kramp, 1935 Figs. 7 a, b, 8 Corydendrium dispar Kramp, 1935: 3, figs. 1a, b, 2a–d, 3, unnumbered plate, figs. 1a, b, 2–8. Type locality. Sweden: Kattegat, Kungsbackafjord, 26 m (Kramp 1935). Material examined. NS: Petit Passage, south of East Ferry, datum + 5 cm, 14.x.1970, on a mussel shell (Mytilus edulis) with other hydroids, one colony, without gonophores, coll. K.W. Petersen, SNM HYD- 000871. Description. Hydroid colony minute, up to 4 mm high, with both stolonal and erect parts, arising from a creeping hydrorhiza; growth monopodial with terminal hydranths. Hydrocaulus when present monosiphonic, curved and twisted, slender basally, very gradually expanding distally, giving off a few irregular branchlets or a branch. Branches and branchlets adnate to axis for a short distance at proximal end before diverging, with branches similar in form to main axis; ultimate branchlets mostly short, slender basally, expanding distally, about 0.15–0.20 mm in diameter terminally. Perisarc thin, double-layered, this especially noticeable towards base of hydrocaulus or pedicel, with inner layer thicker, outer layer filmy, more or less wrinkled throughout. Hydranths terminal, clavate, up to 0.5 mm long, 0.15 mm wide, partially surrounded basally by perisarc; hypostome dome-shaped. Tentacles filiform, scattered, about 10-14 in number. Gonophores not seen. Cnidome (Fig. 8) Hydranths— desmonemes (n = 10): 4.5–5.2 µm long × 2.7–3.1 µm wide (undischarged) microbasic euryteles (n = 10): 8.0–9.9 µm long × 4.0–4.9 µm wide (undischarged) Remarks. Kramp (1935) discovered this boreal species during an examination of hydroids collected in the Skagerrak and Kattegat by L.A. Jägerskiöld of the Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum, Sweden. He recognized that it was similar to but specifically distinct from Corydendrium parasiticum (Linnaeus, 1767), a warm water species, and established the binomen C. dispar for it. Specimens from Norway, identified earlier by Bonnevie (1899b) as C. parasiticum, were examined by Kramp and found to be C. dispar. Gonophores arise as oval to nearly spherical external outgrowths of the stem, branches, and branchlets, and are not contained within perisarcal tubes of stem and branches during development as in C. parasiticum (Kramp 1935). Males of the species are much more highly reduced in structure than females. An infrequently encountered hydroid, Corydendrium dispar has been reported most often from the Kattegat, in both Swedish (Kramp 1935; Jägerskiöld 1971; Schuchert 2004) and Danish (Dahl et al. 2009) waters. Elsewhere, it has been found along the west coast of Norway as far north as the Trondheimfjord (Kramp 1935), and from the Faroes (Jensen & Frederiksen 1992; Schuchert 2004). This is the first record of the species from the Atlantic coast of North America. Specimens of Corydendrium dispar examined here were collected by K.W. Petersen (SNM HYD- 000871) on a mussel shell in Petit Passage, Nova Scotia. The location is characterized by powerful tidal currents that flow through a narrow channel connecting St. Mary’s Bay and the Bay of Fundy. With a vertical tidal range in the region of about 7 m, maximum surface currents exceed 3 m /second during an average spring tide (Durand et al. 2008). The colony, or colonies, were small, inconspicuous, and partially obscured by the growth of other hydroid species. Discovery of the species near low water at this unusual site is noteworthy in that previous records of C. dispar (Kramp 1935; Jägerskiöld 1971; Jensen & Frederiksen 1992; Schuchert 2004) are from greater depths (26–260 m). Recorded distribution. Bay of Fundy: recorded for the first time. Eastern North America: recorded for the first time. Worldwide: Scandinavia, from the Trondheimfjord to the Kattegat (Kramp 1935); Faroe Islands (Jensen & Frederiksen 1992; Schuchert 2004); Atlantic Canada (this study).Published as part of Calder, Dale R., 2017, Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region, pp. 1-86 in Zootaxa 4256 (1) on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.55685
Cunina frugifera Kramp 1948
No full textCunina frugifera Kramp, 1948 Remarks: the record by Genzano et al. (2008a) corresponds to a specimen of Pegantha laevis Bigelow, 1909a. The distribution range provided by Ramírez & Zamponi (1981) is not based on specific records and, therefore, we did not consider that information for this species. Distribution in South America: medusa—Pacific Ocean, Colombia to Chile, from 5°N to 4.77°N, from 3.50°S to 18.50°S, and at northwest and southwest of Galápagos Archipelago (Alvariño 1976; Segura-Puertas 1984; Cely & Chiquillo 1993); Atlantic Ocean, Brazil to Argentina, from 20.5°S to 40°S (Kramp 1957; Navas-Pereira 1974, 1981; Zamponi 1983a, 1985; Migotto et al. 2002; Genzano et al. 2008a; Bonecker et al. 2014). Habitat: medusa—up to 1400m depth (Kramp 1957), occurring in warm waters of Atlantic Ocean and southwards to Uruguay (Kramp 1959a; Bonecker et al. 2014).Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira Júnior 12,, Er Quiñones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, Tín Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Quíria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.
Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp 1959
No full textCirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959 (Figure 5b) Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959: 253, fig. 17a, b [medusa]. Egmundella amirantensis Millard and Bouillon, 1973: 40, fig. 5 [hydroid]. Type Locality: Solomon Islands: 9°25.416667° ʹ S, 160°E 29 m (Kramp 1959). Material examined Wafer Bay, 5.54535, −87.06185, 1 colony, on a hydroid stem, 0.25 mm high, without gonothecae, coll. G. Ashton, #240629. Remarks This hydroid has been widely reported across shallow tropical marine waters of the world, mostly as Lafoeina amirantensis (Millard and Bouillon, 1973). It was linked to the medusa Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959 in life cycle studies by Migotto and Cabral (2005). Brinckmann (1965) had raised the polyp stage of the medusa even before the hydroid was described and named by Millard and Bouillon (1973). However, no nematothecae were observed on the hydrorhiza of her hydroids and she considered it to be referable to Cuspidella Hincks, 1866. Moreira (1975) also undertook life cycle studies on the species by rearing planulae from known medusae, but did not attempt an identification of the polyp stage. Cirrholovenia tetranema is a minute hydrozoan, with hydroids less than 0.5 mm high and medusae reaching 1.5 mm high and wide (Kramp 1961, 1968). Originally described from medusae collected in the Tropical Western Pacific (Solomon Islands, Strait of Malacca, Gulf of Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia) (Kramp 1959), both stages of the species have now been reported from warm waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans (Migotto and Cabral 2005). In the Tropical Eastern Pacific, the hydroid has been reported from the Galápagos Islands and from the coast of mainland Ecuador (Calder et al. 2003, as L. amirantensis; 2019, 2021). Its range is extended here to Cocos Island, and it will likely be found elsewhere in the region. The medusa has yet to be reported from the Eastern Pacific. In concert with its status in the Galapagos Islands (Carlton et al. 2019), we treat C. tetranema as cryptogenic on Cocos Island. Reported distribution Cocos Island: first record. Elsewhere: considered essentially circumglobal, in tropical and warm-temperate waters (Migotto and Cabral 2005; Calder et al. 2019, 2021).Published as part of Calder, Dale R., Carlton, James T., Keith, Inti, Ashton, Gail V., Larson, Kristen, Ruiz, Gregory M., Herrera, Esteban & Golfin, Geiner, 2022, Biofouling hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from a Tropical Eastern Pacific island, with remarks on their biogeography, pp. 565-606 in Journal of Natural History 56 (9 - 12) on pages 579-581, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2068387, http://zenodo.org/record/701248
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