2,111 research outputs found
The relationship between childhood traumatic events, social support, and mental health problems in prisoners
No full textThis study examined the prevalence of childhood traumatic events, social support levels as well as mental health problems, to test for differences between traumatized and non-traumatized individuals, and to investigate the aforementioned parameters in a sample of 49 prisoners in Switzerland. This cross-sectional study used standardized self-report measurements. In line with expectations, prisoners reported a high rate of traumatic events. Furthermore, results indicated that those traumatized differed from those non-traumatized regarding the level of social support, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression. However, no relationship between childhood traumatic events and social support as well as mental health problems was found. This points to specific therapeutic needs of those traumatized, and to the necessity of a trauma-informed correctional care. Moreover, these study results are a further step into more integrated models of criminal behavior
Gefangen in einer Männerwelt: Frauen im Schweizer Strafvollzug
No full textLange Zeit waren ausschliesslich männliche Straftäter im Fokus der Forschung. Doch was wissen wir über inhaftierte Frauen? Unterscheiden sich diese on männlichen Insassen und wenn ja, wodurch? Der folgende Artikel gibt den derzeitigen Forschungsstand über inhaftierte Frauen in der Schweiz wieder
Structural analysis of the PCL-R and relationship to BIG FIVE personality traits and parenting characteristics in an Hispanic female offender sample
No full textValid measurement of psychopathic traits in females using the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) continues to be an under researched topic. Previous latent variable and other psychometric studies have raised questions concerning the structure and predictive effects of psychopathic traits in females. New cross-cultural research finds good support for a four-factor model of psychopathy in females and the predictive effects of the psychopathy factors (Declercq, Carter, & Neumann, 2015; Neumann, Hare, & Pardini, 2015). Nevertheless, additional research is needed on females, especially individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. We investigated the factor structure and construct validity of the PCL-R in a female Hispanic sample (n = 155). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four-factor model provided an adequate fit. Furthermore, structural equation modelling revealed significant negative and positive predictive effects, respectively, between general personality (Agreeableness and Conscientiousness), and indifferent/abusive parenting with the broad syndrome of psychopathy
Sociodemographic information, aversive and traumatic events, offense-related characteristics, and mental health of delinquent women in forensic-psychiatric care in Switzerland
No full textThis present study describes a much understudied group, namely female prisoners under forensic-psychiatric care in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, in order to improve understanding of their risks and their needs. Data were derived from internal databases of a forensic-psychiatric service. Data collected inform of their sociodemographic characteristics, prevalence of aversive and traumatic events, type of offence committed, and mental health conditions. Based on a full sample approach, a total of 1571 files were analysed. Results reveal that two thirds of the participants were not in a stable relationship, more than half did not complete a school degree and three quarters were without stable employment prior to their incarceration. Two thirds were mothers and about one third did not grow up with their parents. Almost half grew up with an alcohol abusing parent and about half experienced violence and/or neglect in childhood, about a quarter of the cases sexual abuse. 95% had a mental health diagnosis according to ICD-10, and the most prevalent mental and behavioural disorder was due to psychoactive substance abuse. The most frequent offense type was drug related crimes. Women convicted for drug-related crimes were more likely to have an ICD-10 F1 disorder compared to those convicted for other crimes. Conversely, women with violent offenses were less likely to suffer from ICD- 10 F1 disorder than those who had committed non-violent offenses. Findings have implications for practitioners and policy makers and contribute to the cycle of violence theory discussion. In conclusion future research areas are suggested
Non-discursive knowledge and the construction of identity. Potters, potting and performance at the bronze age tell of Százhalombatta, Hungary
No full textThis article explores the relationship between the making of things and the making of people at the Bronze Age tell at Százhalombatta, Hungary. Focusing on potters and potting, we explore how the performance of non-discursive knowledge was critical to the construction of social categories. Potters literally came into being as potters through repeated bodily enactment of potting skills. Potters also gained their identity in the social sphere through the connection between their potting performance and their audience. We trace degrees of skill in the ceramic record to reveal the material articulation of non-discursive knowledge and consider the ramifications of the differential acquisition of non-discursive knowledge for the expression of different kinds of potter's identities. The creation of potters as a social category was essential to the ongoing creation of specific forms of material culture. We examine the implications of altered potters' performances and the role of non-discursive knowledge in the construction of social models of the Bronze Ag
Psychisch kranke Rechtsbrecher mit einer Massnahme nach Artikel 59 StGB in den Regionalgefängnissen des Kantons Bern: Anzahl, Dauer und Gründe.
No full textStructural analysis and parametric study ballasted track in sandy regions
No full textThe sand intrusion in railway tracks in sandy regions can significantly change the mechanical behaviour of tracks and thus threaten the safety of train operation. This paper presents substantial field tests on both sandy and clean railway tracks to study the effect of sand intrusion on the longitudinal resistance of ballast bed and the vibration behaviour of track structures. After that, a 3D multi-scale the discrete element model is developed to study the micro-contact between ballast particles and the vibration behaviour of sandy tracks during train passing in detail. Also, the effect of train speeds and axle loads on the mechanical behaviour of sandy tracks is discussed. The results show that the sand intrusion increases the vibration acceleration amplitude of rail and sleeper by 11.3% and 50.3%, while ballast bed decreases by 44.9%. Besides, the sand intrusion significantly changes the energy distribution in the track, wherein the frequencies of the highest energy of rail and sleeper are increased while that of the ballast bed is decreased. The parametric study shows the high train speed can cause the increase in overall acceleration of the ballast bed and high axle load can cause an increase in the micro-contact forces between ballast particles, diffusion angle of the contact force chain, displacements of ballast particles, acceleration of ballast particles, and sleeper displacements.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Mechanics and Physics of Structure
Crushed rock and clay amelioration of a nutrient decifient, sandy soil of Maputaland
No full textBibliography: leaves 57-62.Various studies have suggested the possibility that food derived through subsistence agriculture in the Mseleni region of Maputaland contributes to malnutrition within the local community, particularfy within the high proportion of the population which suffers from a severe, disabling form of osteoarthritis. This study was conducted to determine if the application of local crushed rock or black clay to these nutrient deficient, sandy soils would increase available nutrient concentrations and improve the growth of plants in the ameliorated soil
Sandy coastlines under threat of erosion
No full textSandy beaches occupy more than one-third of the global coastline1 and have high socioeconomic value related to recreation, tourism and ecosystem services2. Beaches are the interface between land and ocean, providing coastal protection from marine storms and cyclones3. However the presence of sandy beaches cannot be taken for granted, as they are under constant change, driven by meteorological4,5, geological6 and anthropogenic factors1,7. A substantial proportion of the world’s sandy coastline is already eroding1,7, a situation that could be exacerbated by climate change8,9. Here, we show that ambient trends in shoreline dynamics, combined with coastal recession driven by sea level rise, could result in the near extinction of almost half of the world’s sandy beaches by the end of the century. Moderate GHG emission mitigation could prevent 40% of shoreline retreat. Projected shoreline dynamics are dominated by sea level rise for the majority of sandy beaches, but in certain regions the erosive trend is counteracted by accretive ambient shoreline changes; for example, in the Amazon, East and Southeast Asia and the north tropical Pacific. A substantial proportion of the threatened sandy shorelines are in densely populated areas, underlining the need for the design and implementation of effective adaptive measures.Accepted Author ManuscriptCoastal Engineerin
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