2,871 research outputs found
Pooling for Horizontal Wells: Can They Teach an Old Dog New Tricks?
No full text74 pages.
This paper was originally published as:
Bruce M. Kramer, “Pooling for Horizontal Wells: Can They Teach an Old Dog New Tricks?,” 55 Rocky Mt. Min. L. Inst. 8-1, § 8.05 (2009)
Federal Legislative and Administrative regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
No full textBruce M. Kramer examines the evolving federal role in regulating hydraulic fracturing within the broader context of U.S. energy and environmental law. Kramer traces the historical predominance of state control over oil and gas production and explores how federal statutes such as the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Clean Air Act intersect with hydraulic fracturing activities. The article analyzes key legislative and administrative developments, including the so-called “Halliburton Loophole,” which exempts most hydraulic fracturing operations from federal underground injection control requirements. Kramer evaluates the policy debates surrounding federal oversight, weighing arguments for increased uniform regulation against concerns for state autonomy and industry innovation. Ultimately, the article concludes that the fragmented regulatory framework reflects enduring tensions between environmental protection, energy independence, and federalism
An analytical approach to tool wear prediction
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1979.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERINGVita.Includes bibliographical references.by Bruce M. Kramer.Ph.D
Legal Aspects of Use and Development of Wildlife Resources on Private Lands: Colorado, Kansas, New Mexcio, Oklahoma, Texas
No full textProfessor Kramer prepared this publication for the Great Plains Agricultural Council. Professor Kramer discusses the ownership over wildlife resources, landowner liability for private recreational use, federal regulatory programs, and relevant regional statutes
Interpreting the Royalty Obligation by Looking at the Express Language: What a Novel Idea
No full textThis article focuses on the importance of adhering to the express language of contracts when interpreting royalty obligations in Texas. The article critiques the tendency of courts to rely on extrinsic evidence or canons of construction when the language of the agreement is clear and unambiguous. Kramer emphasizes that the intent of the parties should be derived from the four corners of the document, avoiding unnecessary judicial intervention. The author explores the challenges and inconsistencies that arise when courts deviate from this principle, particularly in the context of oil and gas leases. Ultimately, the article advocates for a disciplined approach to contract interpretation that prioritizes the express terms agreed upon by the parties
Property and Oil and Gas Don't Mix: The Mangling of Common Law Property Concepts
No full textProfessor Kramer points out the property law roots of modern oil and gas law and how far afield oil and gas law has gone
The Rule of Capture—An Oil and Gas Perspective
No full textco-authored with Owen L. AndersonProfessor Kramer discusses the history of the rule of capture, its modern application, and some difficult cases implicating the rule of capture
Institute on Planning, Zoning and Eminent Domain: Chapter 5 Recent Developments in Land Use and Environmental Law: Revolution or Evolution?
No full textProfessor Kramer has written Chapter 5 of the 1988 Proceedings of the Institute on Planning, Zoning, and Eminent Domain. This chapter discusses major judicial developments in 1987, a busy year in land use and environmental law
Current Decisions on State and Federal Law in Planning and Zoning, Part II
No full textProfessor Kramer continues with his survey of current decisions on state and federal law in planning and zoning. Part I can be found at 33 Urb. Law. 561 (2001)
Evaluation of biological treatment for the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a wastewater treatment plant
No full textBiodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon can be an effective treatment method
applied to control oil pollution in both fresh water and marine environments.
Hydrocarbon degraders, both indigenous and exogenous, are responsible for utilizing
petroleum hydrocarbon as their substrate for growth and energy, thereby degrading
them. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons is often enhanced by bioaugmentation and
biostimulation depending on the contaminated environment and the competence of the
hydrocarbon degraders present. An evaluation of the performance of the biological
treatment of petroleum hydrocarbon by the hydrocarbon degrading microbes at the
Brayton Fire School??s 4 million gallon per day (MGD) wastewater treatment plant was
the main research objective. Samples were taken for two seasons, winter (Nov 03 ?? Jan
03) and summer (Jun 04 ?? Aug 04), from each of the four treatment units: the inlet tank,
equalization tank, aeration tank and the outfall tank. The population of aliphatic
hydrocarbon degraders were enumerated and nutrient availability in the system were
used to evaluate the effectiveness of on-going bioaugmentation and biostimulation.
Monitoring of general effluent parameters was conducted to evaluate the treatment
plant??s removal efficiency and to determine if effluent discharge was in compliance with
the TCEQ permit. The aeration tank is an activated sludge system with no recycling.
Hydrocarbon degraders are supplied at a constant rate with additional nutrient
supplement. There was a significant decrease in the population of microbes that was
originally fed to the system and the quantity resident in the aeration tank. Nutrient levels
in the aeration tank were insufficient for the concentration of hydrocarbon degraders,
even after the application of dog food as a biostimulant. The use of dog food is not
recommended as a nutrient supplement. Adding dog food increases the nitrogen and
phosphorus concentration in the aeration tank but the amount of carbon being added with
the dog food increases the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD). An increase in the concentration of total COD and BOD further
increases the nitrogen and phosphorus requirement in the system. The main objective of
supplying adequate nutrients to the hydrocarbon degraders would never be achieved as
there would be an additional demand of nutrients to degrade the added carbon source.
This research study was conducted to identify the drawbacks in the treatment plant
which needs further investigation to improve efficiency
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