213 research outputs found
Entwicklung und Gerechtigkeit durch Transformation: Die vier großen I
No full textENTWICKLUNG UND GERECHTIGKEIT DURCH TRANSFORMATION: DIE VIER GROSSEN I
Entwicklung und Gerechtigkeit durch Transformation: Die vier großen I / Kraas, Frauke (Rights reserved) (-
German Geographical Research on East and Southeast Asia : A report to the International Geographical Union (IGU)
No full textThe present publication has been prepared for the 29th International Geographical Congress in Seoul (August 14-18, 2000) to make the results of studies on the regions of East and Southeast Asia conducted by German-speaking researchers more accessible to the international geographic scientific Community. Thus, this publication has three goals:
a) The reports on research and literature review the current foci of research by German-speaking researchers on East and Southeast Asia. In addition, brief historic reviews show the development of country-specific research topics.
b) The literature reviews contain selected publications in German and English by German-speaking researchers, which make the entire body of scientific publication more accessible. In our definition, "German-speaking researchers" includes the works of colleagues from the entire German-speaking region, i.e., Germany (until 1990 including the former East Germany - GDR), Austria and Switzerland.
c) We hope this compilation will contribute to a strengthening of international cooperation in research on the regions of East and Southeast Asia, as well as of international and interdisciplinary dialogue. We hope that the respective national research bodies contribute to this goal, as well as the European Union, which supports multilateral cooperation with institutions from Asian countries as part of the 5th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development Activities (RTD)
Health in megacities and urban areas
No full textKrämer A, Khan MH, Kraas F, eds. Health in megacities and urban areas. Contributions to statistics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Physica; 2011
Public Health in Megacities and Urban Areas: A Conceptual Framework
No full textKrämer A, Khan MH, Jahn HJ. Public Health in Megacities and Urban Areas: A Conceptual Framework. In: Krämer A, Khan MH, Kraas F, eds. Health In Megacities And Urban Areas. Contributions to Statistics. Heidelberg: Physica; 2011: 3-20
Megaurbanisation and Public Health Research: Theoretical Dimensions
No full textJahn HJ, Khan MH, Krämer A. Megaurbanisation and Public Health Research: Theoretical Dimensions. In: Krämer A, Khan MH, Kraas F, eds. Health In Megacities And Urban Areas. Contributions to Statistics. Heidelberg: Physica; 2011: 39-52
The Burden of Disease Approach for Measuring Population Health
No full textPinheiro JP, Plaß D, Krämer A. The Burden of Disease Approach for Measuring Population Health. In: Krämer A, Khan MH, Kraas F, eds. Health In Megacities And Urban Areas. Contributions to Statistics. Heidelberg: Physica; 2011: 21-38
Gewässerbeschaffenheit und Wasserversorgung einer Megastadt : Ermittlung wasserbezogener Vulnerabilität anhand eines integrierten Mensch-Umwelt-Ansatzes : das Beispiel Guangzhou, China
No full text2018 was the 40th anniversary of the beginning of the reform and opening policy (gaigekaifang, 改革开放) of the People's Republic of China. Over the past 4 decades, the country has undergone tremendous transformations under the leadership of the Communist Party. Some 40 years ago, the People's Republic of China was largely an agricultural state and, for political reasons, almost isolated from world trade. The reform and opening policy initiated by DENG XIAOPING in 1978 has brought unprecedented dimensions of economic growth, national migration, urban expansion and transformation. Since 2010, China is the second largest economy in the world. Downsides to this development are serious hydrological problems and immense challenges of water supply and sanitation. In the northern and north-eastern provinces, which suffer from natural water shortages, the increasing pollution of surface waters and the overuse of groundwater has led to a serious imbalance in the human-environment structure. As a result, the focus of the (mostly Chinese) scientists has long been on these regions as well as on the floods of Chang Jiang, while regions like the southern Pearl River Delta have been neglected. Only after the ecological damage had increased, this area’s developments received more (inter-)national attention. However, by 2007, even government agencies were prohibited from releasing environmental data. Accordingly, the research situation presented itself: studies on groundwater quality, surface water quality and structural quality of the Zhujiang (Pearl River) and its tributaries in the area of South Chinese megacities as well as the (in-)formal water supply of the population did not exist for the period of the studies (2007-2011), or only with a vague wording. An overall view was missing.The aim of the dissertation is to determine the water-related vulnerability of the megacity of Guangzhou. This includes, on the one hand, the social vulnerability of the population with regard to their water and sanitation supply, and, on the other, the vulnerability of rivers and groundwater to anthropogenic impacts. To investigate this, an integrated human-environment approach will be developed; the socioecological framework concept according to TURNER et al. (2003) is used as a theoretical approach. The first methodological focus is the elaboration of the effects of mega urbanization on the resource water as well as the challenges in the areas of water and sanitation associated with mega urbanization. This knowledge and the state of research were in particular generated by reviewing and evaluating relevant literature and media articles. Empirical survey methods were e.g. mapping of water body morphology, space and settlement structure, discussions/ interviews with stakeholders as well as the analysis of groundwater, tap water and running waters. The latter consists of the determination of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters, partly supplemented by organoleptic analyzes.The evaluation of the measurements was carried out using MICROSOFT Excel; the majority of these were assessed by the national quality classification as well as the Environmental quality standards for surface water GB 3838-2002 (地表水环境质量标准 GB 3838-2002) and the Quality standard for groundwater GB/ T 14848-93(地下水质量标准 GB/ T 14848-93). The survey of the water structure and its evaluation in the form of quality classes particularly based on LUA NRW (2001). The types of water and sanitation and related social challenges were qualitatively evaluated in accordance with the WHO & UNICEF (2000) classification established under the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. The results were visualized using MICROSOFT Excel, ADOBE Photoshop and ESRI Arc GIS. The results show that both the Zhujiang and twelve of its analyzed tributaries are clearly anthropogenically influenced, both in terms of water quality and structural quality. This means that they are far from a good ecological status, and that they cannot be considered as a source of urban water supply. The groundwater is also polluted - in view of the high intrinsic vulnerability, this fact alone is critical. Since it is also used directly as drinking water, and thus poses health risks, the situation is more precarious. On the one hand, the heterogeneity of the peoples’ water supply and, on the other, the combination of social and hydrological vulnerability as well as the associated different forms of this vulnerability become clear.Key areas of action identified are the control of the settlement development, the upgrading of the supply and disposal infrastructure and the improvement of the groundwater and river basin conditions. Other important tasks include communication and environmental education. It turns out that the inclusion of hydrological and hydrogeological as well as social, political, morphological and water management components makes sense in order to approach the problem of water-related vulnerability in a megacity from several sides - as the integrated human-environment approach strives for. In this way it is possible to understand, adequately capture and map the range of structures, influencing factors, patterns, impacts and interactions in the research context as well as to be able to estimate the relevant vulnerability. Finally, this dissertation contributes to the socio-ecological discourse in general and the hydrological and water management issues of fast-growing megacities in particular - especially in countries that are not easy to study, such as China. Thus, technical, methodological and regional knowledge and information bases are created, recommendations for action are derived and research needs are shown, which enable a multifunctional, ecologically fair water management, as well as considering the socio-economic possibilities and water hygiene requirements of the population
Stadtentwicklung von Yangon : Bedeutung der Persistenz kolonialer Strukturen für die aktuelle Entwicklung der Hauptstadt Myanmars Birmas
No full textDie Urbanisierung und Entwicklung der Städtesysteme in den Staaten Südostasiens sind Thema verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten. In den letzten Jahren rückten einzelne Aspekte der Megastadt- und Primatstadtproblematik innerhalb der Region zunehmend ins Zentrum des Interesses. Die birmanische Hauptstadt Yangon stellt innerhalb der Region Südostasien einen interessanten Sonderfall dar. Bis zum Ende der Kolonialherrschaft der Briten 1948 entsprach die Urbanisierung Myanmars und die städtische Entwicklung Yangons den allgemeinen Urbanisierungsmustern Südostasiens. Ab 1962 begab sich das Land dann zunächst in eine freiwillige Isolation, die eine wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des Landes stark einschränkte. Nach dieser Phase leitete die Regierung zwar ab 1988 eine wirtschaftliche Öffnung ein, aufgrund der politischen Verhältnisse, der Unterdrückung der Demokratiebewegung und erheblicher Verstöße gegen die Menschenrechte sprachen die Vereinten Nationen jedoch Sanktionen aus, die im weitgehenden Fortbestehen der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Isolation resultieren. Aufgrund dieser Rahmenbedingungen blieben die kolonialen Strukturen der Stadt Yangon bis heute größtenteils erhalten. Moderne Urbanisierungstendenzen, wie sie in anderen Staaten der Region festzustellen sind, blieben in vielen Bereichen aus. Sollten sich die politischen Rahmenbedingungen in den nächsten Jahren soweit ändern, daß eine verstärkte wirtschaftliche Entwicklung des Landes einsetzt, so wird die Stadt Yangon vor einer Reihe gravierender funktionaler und struktureller Probleme stehen. Bislang gab es, in großen zeitlichen Abständen, nur wenige Untersuchungen über die Urbanisierung und die Entwicklung des Städtesystems in Myanmar im Allgemeinen und die Hauptstadt Yangon im Speziellen. Arbeiten über die Bedeutung historischer, politischer und wirtschaftlicher Prozesse und Entwicklungen in Hinsicht auf die Urbanisierung des Landes existieren nicht. Diese Arbeit soll dazu beitragen, ein umfassenderes Bild über die Entwicklung der Stadt, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Persistenz kolonialer Formen und Strukturen bis in die Gegenwart, zu geben und Ansätze einer Handlungsempfehlung hinsichtlich der zu erwartenden künftigen Entwicklungsprobleme zu entwickeln
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