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From College to Campus: The Architecture of the College from the Middle Ages to Jefferson
No full textBeyond monastic tradition, rules, statutes, and codes regulating conduct and behaviors gave origin to university colleges and the figure of the student. Since Middle Ages, plans on education were brought by reformers, moralists, and educators of different times to re-formulate pedagogical agendas. The rise of university colleges, like that in Paris and Oxford, and their territorial spread in scholastic Europe from the 13th century, the investment of patrons in building the so-called sapienza, and the hegemony of the Jesuit’s educational project, are key passages in the history of education in western civilization. For centuries the collegium was associated with the form of the courtyard within the city. From the 19th century, the invention of the ‘American campus’, as a result of the liberal reforms of Thomas Jefferson as architect and educator, brought to the gradual disappearance of the college. Focusing on these paradigmatic moments, this presentation will discuss about the relationship between statutes, pedagogical rules, and architectural form, from its origins to the rise of the idyllic campus, a new radical paradigm, which was purposely built to escape the city and to requestion the traditions of ‘monastic’ rules. In these examples, spaces like courtyards, halls, corridors, and rooms, besides defining abstract keywords of possible structural relationships in the definition of formal typologies, were, first of all, architectural elements that prevailed within these buildings, depending on the priorities established by the rule, in terms of educational ideology, conduct, and privacy.TPO
Absolute Beginners: Living as a Knowledge Worker, from the Parents’ Home to Collective Living / Blutige Anfänger. Leben als WissensarbeiterIn, vom Elternhaus zum kollektiven Wohnen
Get PDFNuove forme dell'abitare. Abitare collettivo dentro e oltre la città del capitalismo cognitivo.
No full textCon la crisi del capitalismo fordista e il graduale passaggio al “capitalismo cognitivo”, e con la parallela crisi della classe media, vi è una grande diffusione di 'lavoratori della conoscenza'. In tale contesto, una volta uscite dall’ambito familiare, dopo la conclusione degli studi, per queste nuove figure termini come flessibilità, precarietà e mobilità diventano dei veri e propri modus vivendi. La ricerca “Nuove Forme dell’Abitare” affronta i modi di vita, di come abitano e lavorano i knowledge workers (i lavoratori della conoscenza) mettendo a tema gli aspetti domestici, i problemi dell’accesso all’abitazione e l’inadeguatezza delle tipologie contemporanee rispetto ai nuovi habitus, utilizzando la definizione dell’abitare collettivo del poeta e critico dell’avanguardia cecoslovacca Karel Teige, nel suo noto testo del 1932 'The Minimum Dwelling'.
Questo lavoro, maturato e approfondito attraverso la collaborazione con Dogma nella ricerca finalizzata con il libro 'Loveless: The Minimum Dwelling and its Discontents', approfondisce il rapporto tra spazio individuale (della stanza) e gli spazi collettivi (del lavoro intellettuale e del lavoro domestico) con l’aggiunta di altri spazi relativi alla formazione e alla conoscenza (lifelong learning), essenziali per il modo in cui lavorano (e si prestano ad entrare nel mondo del lavoro cognitivo) questi 'eterni-studenti'. I College medievali di Oxford e Cambridge, i campus jeffersoniani, i Residential Hotels americani e le Dom-Kommuna sovietiche degli anni ’20 descrivono sia dei paradigmi spaziali dell’abitare che degli habitus che hanno anticipato quelli dei knowledge workers odierni. In questa tesi di dottorato, i modelli organizzativi di queste esperienze paradigmatiche vengono rivisitati e declinati rispetto a diverse categorie e tipi spaziali che possono ancora riconoscersi in determinate esperienze contemporanee, per poi corrispondere a dei programmi dell’abitare pensati per gli habitus di oggi.
Il progetto teorico Long Nights è una sintesi dei principali casi di studio reinterpretati in forma di prototipi dell’abitare, da applicare nell’ottica di un Welfare da ristrutturare e rifondare affinché ciascun lavoratore, una volta fuori dall’ambito domestico dei genitori e una volta liberato dalle forme di sfruttamento del lavoro precario, possa trovare, sempre, globalmente un luogo tale da considerare casa.With the crisis of Fordist capitalism and the gradual passage to “cognitive capitalism”, paralleled by the actual middle-class crisis, there is a spread of 'knowledge workers'. In such a context, once away from the sphere of the family, after concluding the university studies, for these new figures terms like flexibility, precariousness and mobility becomes new modus vivendi. The research “New Forms of Dwelling” deals with these ways of life, of how these knowledge workers live and work. The thesis focuses on the domestic aspects, housing affordability and the inadequacy of actual dwelling typologies to the new habitus of these working class. It assumes the definition of ‘collective dwelling' given by the Czechoslovakian avant-garde poet ad critic Karel Teige in his book 'The Minimum Dwelling' of 1932.
This work, matured through the collaboration with Dogma in the research for the book 'Loveless: The Minimum Dwelling and its Discontents', investigates the relation between the space of the individual room and collective spaces (for intellectual and domestic labor), plus other collective spaces related to education and knowledge (lifelong learning), essential for how these 'eternal-students' work (or are attending to enter the world of cognitive jobs). Oxford and Cambridge medieval Colleges, Jeffersonian campuses, 20s American Residential Hotels and soviet Dom-Kommunas defines both spatial paradigms of dwelling and different habitus anticipating those of today’s knowledge workers. In this PhD thesis, the organisational models of these paradigmatic experiences are revisited through different categories and spatial types that are still detectible in certain contemporary experiences.
In the theoretical project Long Nights building typologies are adapted to programs of dwelling according to today habitus. Historical examples are interpreted into new prototypes of collective dwellings. Moreover, their application to urban reality could be possible only through the invention and the restructure of a new Welfare model able to provide to every single worker, once away the sphere of his/her parents, and once liberated from the exploitation of precarious labor, always, globally a place to call home
Grand Dessein du Rationalisme
No full textCo-authored with Roberto Gargiani, 'Grand Dessein du Rationalisme' is a hybrid publication that gathers 18 architecture projects from the student collectives of Roberto Gargiani’s Superstudio at the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 2020–2021, and a series of 13 theoretical, practical and historical reflections on (antagonistic) rationalism in architecture by Marco Assennato, Jean-Louis Cohen, Massimo De Angelis, Natalie Donat-Cattin, Roberto Gargiani, Silvia Groaz, Boris Hamzeian, Marson Korbi, André Kempe & Oliver Thill, Éric Lapierre, Francesco Marullo, Point Supreme, Ten Studio, Christophe Van Gerrewey and Adrien Verschuere.TPO
What's my Age Again? On the Invention of University Colleges and Student Housing
No full textIn the history of education, college represented an alternative to family life. At college, children and adolescents were separated from the care of their parents and integrated into a religious or secular community for their civic or professional education. While in origin, sending male children abroad to the medieval colleges of England, Italy, or France for many European families was considered an investment from which they would benefit by receiving back an educated son with a potentially lucrative career, since the 18th and 19th centuries in America, the architecture of the college was transformed into a State apparatus. The essay is a synthesis of a larger publication work on student housing history. It offers a summarized genealogy of this typology which in the history of Western education has been fundamental in shaping university life and the student's invention as a subject.TPO
Absolute Beginners: Living as a Knowledge Worker, from the Parents’ Home to Collective Living
No full textA synthesis of the PhD research work on the New Forms of Dwelling (Nuove Forme dell'Abitare), this article traces a short genealogy of the knowledge worker vis-à-vis the history of communal housing. The text discusses three case studies: the campus type, the soviet dom-kommuna, and the American residential hotel, three archetypes that saw different stages of the rise and the success of the intellectual worker as a social subject. By analyzing these examples, the text shows the ways certain forms of communal dwelling shaped the life and work of the knowledge worker throughout history.TPO
Mos përmendi njeri fjalën shesh? [Did Someone Say Piazza?]
No full textThis article discusses the history of Skanderbeg Square and the renovation projects made in the city of Tirana by foreign architects. Written in Albanian, it offers a critical reading of the effects of these projects in the declared scope of the government for gentrifying the center of the city, using a precise ideological project: the invention of the 'Downtown'.TPO
The Fifth Typology: A Symposium on Type and Architecture
No full textA type is not a model or an image to be copied, but the deep structure of how things are put together. The Symposium revisits the concept of type by critically reading its previous definitions and by offering a new interpretation of this rather elusive, but crucial architectural concept. The main thesis that will be discussed in the Symposium is that type should be reconsidered as one of the most productive ways to teach, study and criticize architecture. The Symposium will debate how this concept could offer a precise understanding of the social and political forces that produce architecture. Historically, architectural types have always been spatialisations of the governing politics through which society is organized. Following Anthony Vidler’s seminal essay ‘The Third Typology’ (1978) which addressed the first three historical turns of the concept of type, Enlightenment, modernity, and the 1970s return to the discipline, the Fifth Typology acknowledges a return to this concept in the last decade — the ‘Fourth Typology’ — but aspires to push it further as a method of formal and political investigation on architecture. Contributions will reconsider typology with concrete case studies that range from the feminist and class critique of type to its use in the building and managing of institutions.TPO
For the House Poor: The Fuggerei as an Early Example of Affordable Housing
No full textConference abstract: A type is not a model or an image to be copied, but the deep structure of how things are put together. The Symposium revisits the concept of type by critically reading its previous definitions and by offering a new interpretation of this rather elusive, but crucial architectural concept. The main thesis that will be discussed in the Symposium is that type should be reconsidered as one of the most productive ways to teach, study and criticize architecture. The Symposium will debate how this concept could offer a precise understanding of the social and political forces that produce architecture. Historically, architectural types have always been spatialisations of the governing politics through which society is organized. Following Anthony Vidler’s seminal essay ‘The Third Typology’ (1978) which addressed the first three historical turns of the concept of type, Enlightenment, modernity, and the 1970s return to the discipline, the Fifth Typology acknowledges a return to this concept in the last decade — the ‘Fourth Typology’ — but aspires to push it further as a method of formal and political investigation on architecture. Contributions will reconsider typology with concrete case studies that range from the feminist and class critique of type to its use in the building and managing of institutions.TPO
Nuove forme dell'abitare : Abitare collettivo dentro e oltre la città del capitalismo cognitivo
No full textWith the crisis of Fordist capitalism and the rise of “cognitive capitalism”, the ‘knowledge worker’ became a crucial figure in contemporary cities. In such a context, once away from the sphere of the family, after concluding the university studies, for these new subjects, terms like flexibility, precariousness and mobility defined new modus vivendi. The research “New Forms of Dwelling” deals with the manifestation of these ways of life, of how these knowledge workers live and work. The thesis focuses on the domestic aspects, housing affordability and the inadequacy of actual dwelling typologies for the new working class. It assumes the definition of ‘collective dwelling' given by the Czechoslovakian avant-garde poet ad critic Karel Teige in his book 'The Minimum Dwelling' of 1932 as a main architectural topic. This work, matured through the collaboration with Dogma in Brussels in the research for the book 'Loveless: The Minimum Dwelling and its Discontents', investigates the relation between the personal realm of the room and the possibility of integrating into housing collective spaces (related mainly to intellectual and domestic labor), together with other communal facilities related to education and knowledge (like programs of lifelong learning), essential for how these 'eternal-students' work. Oxford and Cambridge medieval Colleges, Jeffersonian campuses, 20s American Residential Hotels and soviet Dom-Kommunas defines both spatial paradigms of dwelling and different habitus that anticipated those of today’s knowledge workers. In this PhD thesis, these organizational models represent the main case studies analyzed in parallel with the history of the knowledge worker, from the invention of the student to the American white-collar and soviet intellectual subjects, and to the modern precarious worker. The thesis also implies research by design output, concluded in the theoretical project titled "Long Nights", an atlas of typologies, designed according to specific prototypes and protocols of use and implementation. This part of the thesis puts forward a scenario that is possible only through the invention of a new Welfare model, supported mainly by European institutions, able to provide for every single worker, a place that could be called ‘home’ everywhere.TPODDottorato Pon-Ri, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della ricerc
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