93,316 research outputs found
Actinodaphne sesquipedalis subsp. cambodiana de Kok 2023
No full text3. Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook.f. & Thoms. ex Meisn. subsp. cambodiana (Lecomte) de Kok, comb. nov, stat. nov. Actinodaphne sesquipedalis var. cambodiana Lecomte, Archives du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, sér. V., 5: 93 (Lecomte 1913). — Type: Cambodia. Krepeuh, Monts Knang, 14°18’9”N, 103°50’40.992”E, alt. 1500 m, IX.1870, J.B.L. Pierre 627 (lecto-, P [P02035687], first step lectotypification by Tanaros et al., Thai Journal of Botany 2: 17 (Tanaros et al. 2010), second step lectotypification here; isolecto-, A[A00041110, A00936321], B[B 10 0241815], BM[BM000951003], E[E00386461], F[F0061313F], K[K000350900], NY[NY00354780], P[P01062897, P01880075, P02008331, P02008332, P02008333, P02035673, P02035677, P02035678, P02035683, P02035684, P02035686, P02035688, P02035705, P02194623, P06837464]). REMARKS This taxon is much better recognised on subspecies level as it has a distinct separated distribution, relative to the other subspecies of this species in Thailand and Penninsular Malaysia.Published as part of De Kok, Rogier P. J., 2023, The Lauraceae Juss. of Indo-China: fifteen new species, four new combinations and two neotypifications, pp. 1-25 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a1, http://zenodo.org/record/752247
Effect of KOK pre-administration in macrophage infiltration.
No full text<p>(<b>A and B</b>) Ovarian mRNA expression of CD11b (A) and CD3 (B). Pre-administration of KOK inhibited the elevated mRNA expression of CD11b and CD3 by DHEA. Values represent the mean ± SEM. <sup>##</sup>p<0.01 normal vs. DHEA group. **p<0.01 DHEA vs. DHEA + KOK group, ANOVA with a Fisher's post-hoc test. (<b>C–J</b>) Photomicrographs of ovarian tissue specimens representative for normal (C and G), DHEA (D and H), DHEA + KOK (E and I), and KOK groups (F and J), immunolabeled with Iba-1 antiserum. Ovarian sections from DHEA + KOK group revealed low expression of Iba-1 in the theca cell layer (C–F) of follicles and stroma (G–J) compared with that of DHEA group. In ovaries of normal and KOK group, expression of this marker was rarely observed in theca cell layer of follicles and stroma (C, F, G, and J). Immunohistochemical detection was revealed with DAB, thus, Iba-1 (+) cells appear in brown. Tissue was counterstained with haematoxylin. Asterisks, theca cell layer. S, stromal tissue. Scale bar = 50 μm.</p
Effect of KOK on ovarian weight and ovarian morphology.
No full text<p>(<b>A</b>) Ovarian weight. (<b>B</b>) Number of follicular cysts. The rectangles indicate the area magnified in photos shown in (C–N). (<b>C–N</b>) Photos and photomicrographs of ovaryies from normal (C, G, and K), DHEA (D, H, and L), DHEA + KOK (E, I, and M) and KOK group (F, J, and N). Pre-administration of KOK inhibited the formation of follicular cysts (asterisks) induced by DHEA. Arrow, theca cell layer. Arrow head, granulosa cell layer. Scale bar = 50 μm.</p
Litsea honbaensis de Kok 2023, sp. nov.
No full text9. Litsea honbaensis de Kok, sp. nov. (Figs 7; 9) DIAGNOSIS. — This species differs from its close relative Litsea helferi Hook. f. by having a glabrous petiole which is slightly swollen (while L helferi has a sparsely hairy slender petiole); fruits which are 14- 16 × 7-8 mm on a cupule about 5.4 mm diameter (while L. helferi has fruits 28-32 × 18-24 mm and a cupule 6.5-6.9 mm diameter). TYPE SPECIMEN. — Vietnam, Khanh Hoa: 12 km to Hon Ba, 12°6’56.016”N, 108°58’40.008”E, 24.VI.2004, Soejarto 13305 (holo-, P[P01052426]). DISTRIBUTION. — Vietnam (Fig. 7). ECOLOGY. — Growing in forests over granite between 800-900 m altitude. Flowering from January to May; fruiting in February. CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT. — Endangered (EN B1ab(i,iii), B2ab(ii,iii)). This species is only known from eight collections representing five localities in Vietnam (plus one locality that could not be found). An analysis of the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) gives an IUCN Conservation Assessment of Endangered. ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS SEEN. — Vietnam. Nghe-An (Vinh): Huyên de Nghia-Dam, 11°51’3.6”N, 108°36’25.2”E, 18.V.1941, Poilane 30571 (P [P06856488]). — Lào Cai: Chapa et Cho-Bo, Chapa, 22°20’3.984”N, 103°50’51”E, VII.1930, Pételot 5365 (P [P02003173, P02003180]); Chapa et Cho-Bo, 800 m, 6.IX.1926,20° 49’0.012”N, 105°12’E, Poilane 13165 (P [P01976054, P01155417]). — Thua Thien-Hue: Nui Back Ma station,près de Hu ế, 16°10’0.984”N, 107°49’58.008”E, 24.IV.1939, Poilane 29982 (P01976319). — Lâm Đ ồng: Blao, 11°28’40.8”N, 107°44’16.8”E, 28.VI.1933, Poilane 22776 (P02011236). — Tuyên Quang, Tonkin, Nguyen Luang, 21°46’36.228”N, 105°13’40.872”E, VI.1925, Pételot 1931 (P02011174). DESCRIPTION Tree 8-10 m tall; dbh c. 20 cm. Twigs slender, 1-1.6 mm thick, rounded in cross-section, densely hairy when young, glabrescent; hairs yellowish, appressed; terminal leaf bud lanceolate, c. 2.5 mm long, apex acute, velutinous. Leaves alternate; blade elliptic to lanceolate, 3.3-6.5 × 1-3 cm, apex acuminate, base cuneate, membranous, secondary nerves 4-5 pairs, curving near margin, tertiary nerves reticulate; upper surface glabrous, midrib and secondary nerves sunken, tertiary nerves indistinct; lower surface glaucous, glabrous, midrib and secondary nerves raised, tertiary nerves distinct; petiole half-terete, 8-14 mm long, glabrous, slightly swollen. Inflorescences in axils of leaves, 7.5-10 mm long, in clusters of umbels, densely hairy. Flowers white; male flowers: perianth lobes linear, 1-1.4 × 0.5-0.6 mm, apex rounded, inside glabrous, outside velutinous; stamens 1-1.5 mm long; female flowers: perianth lobes linear, 1-1.5 × 0.5-0.6 mm, apex rounded, inside glabrous, outside velutinous; ovary c. 0.9 mm diameter, glabrous. Fruits 1-3 per infructescence, ellipsoid, 14-16 × 7-8 mm, apex acute, smooth, glabrous; cupule shallow, c. 5.4 × 2.3 mm, margin entire, patent, smooth, sparsely hairy; stalk swollen up to 1.9 mm thick, slightly hairy (see Fig. 9).Published as part of De Kok, Rogier P. J., 2023, The Lauraceae Juss. of Indo-China: fifteen new species, four new combinations and two neotypifications, pp. 1-25 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (1) on pages 13-15, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a1, http://zenodo.org/record/752247
Pristimantis jamescameroni Kok 2013, sp. nov.
No full textPristimantis jamescameroni sp. nov. Figs 2-5, Table 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 67EB6C36-0F31-4587-9805-3136BEF4E010 Eleutherodactylinae series b (in part) – Gorzula & Señaris 1999: 55 + plate 46. Eleutherodactylus sp. B – McDiarmid & Donnell, 2005: 514 [table 18A.1], 524. Pristimantis sp. – Hedges et al. 2008: 179. Pristimantis sp. “Aprada” – Kok et al. 2012: Suppl. Information: 13. Definition and diagnosis A small species of the genus Pristimantis currently not assigned to any species group, but morphologically most similar to species of the polyphyletic unistrigatus species group (sensu Hedges et al. 2008, see also discussion in Kok et al. 2011) mainly characterized in having Finger I shorter than II, Toe V longer than III, extending to the distal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV when toes are adpressed, and by the absence of cranial crests and the presence of vomerine teeth. The new species is characterized by the following unique combination of characters: (1) body small, male 22.8 mm SVL, females 26.3-27.5 mm (n=3); (2) dorsal skin shagreen, belly skin coarsely areolate; (3) tympanum absent (tympanic membrane not differentiated and tympanic annulus not visible externally); (4) tiny pharyngeal ostia present; (5) snout rounded to subovoid in dorsal view, rounded to slightly sloping in profile, canthus rostralis nearly straight in dorsal view, rounded in cross section, loreal region slightly concave, flaring slightly at upper lip; (6) upper eyelid shagreen with 1-2 distinctly enlarged tubercles on each eyelid; (7) choanae small, oval, dentigerous processes of vomers very small, barely visible, slightly oblique, ovoid to triangular, posterior and medial to choanae, each bearing 1-5 teeth; (8) absence of vocal slits in male; (9) tongue cordiform; (10) two large, mostly unpigmented nuptial pads on each thumb in male; (11) Finger I shorter than II; (12) fingers with lateral fringes, best developed preaxially on Fingers II-III; (13) ulnar tubercles absent or inconspicuous, when present low, not forming a distinct line; (14) tarsal tubercles absent, one inconspicuous calcar tubercle present; (15) inner metatarsal tubercle oval, about four times the size of the round, projecting outer metatarsal tubercle; (16) Toe V longer than III, extending to the distal edge of the distal tubercle on Toe IV when toes are adpressed; (17) toes with lateral fringes, best developed preaxially on Toes III-IV, webbing basal between Toes IV-V; (18) in life main dorsal background colouration is orange to orangish dark brown, either with irregular dark brown chevrons or a darker middorsal band, and/or a light middorsal stripe, ventral colouration is white with brown reticulation and an orange patch posteriorly; (19) in preservative dorsal background colouration is light to dark brown, either with irregular brown chevrons or a darker middorsal band, and/or a light middorsal stripe, ventral colouration is cream with brown reticulation. Etymology The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case, honouring the Canadian film director, producer, environmentalist and explorer Mr. James F. Cameron in recognition of his efforts to alert the general public to environmental problems through pioneering high quality “blockbuster” movies and adventurous documentaries. James Cameron also encourages people to go vegan (a diet excluding animal products), one of the effective ways to reduce human environmental impacts such as global climate change, identified as a serious threat to tepuis ecosystems (see Nogué et al. 2009). Material examined Holotype VENEZUELA: an adult male collected by Philippe J. R. Kok, 15 Jun. 2012 at 08h18, summit of Apradatepui, Bolívar state, 5°24’42”N, 62°27’00” W, 2570 m elevation, IRSNB 4160 (field number PK 3636). Paratopotypes (n=4) VENEZUELA: three adult females (IRSNB 4161-63, field numbers PK 3632, PK 3637, PK 3635) and one juvenile (IRSNB 4164, field number PK 3639), collected by Philippe J. R. Kok (except IRSNB 4161, collected by Brad Wilson) 14-15 Jun. 2012, all from the summit of Aprada-tepui between 2557- 2571 m elevation. Description of the holotype An adult male 22.8 mm SVL (Figs 2 A-B, 3, 4D, H, see Table 1 for measurements), in very good condition, except a large scar under the right thigh where a piece of muscle was removed prior to preservation. Head slightly longer than wide (HW 94.7% of HL), wider than body; HW 39.0% of SVL; HL 41.2% of SVL; cranial crests absent. Snout longer than eye length (SL 117.1% of EL), rounded to subovoid in dorsal view, rounded to slightly sloping in profile; canthus rostralis nearly straight in dorsal view, rounded in cross section, loreal region slightly concave, flaring slightly at upper lip; eye-naris distance shorter than eye length (EN 71.4% of EL). Nares slightly protuberant, directed posterolaterally, visible in frontal and dorsal views. Widest upper eyelid width narrower than interorbital distance (upper eyelid width 82.7% of IO), upper eyelid shagreen with 1-2 enlarged tubercles on each eyelid. Tympanum absent (tympanic membrane not differentiated and tympanic annulus not visible externally); tiny pharyngeal ostia present. Supratympanic fold conspicuous in life, slightly arched, originating at posterior corner of eye, failing to reach shoulder; post-rictal tubercles evident. Choanae small, oval, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous processes of vomers very small, barely visible, slightly oblique, ovoid to triangular, posterior and medial to choanae, each bearing 3-4 teeth. Tongue cordiform, slightly longer than wide, rounded posteriorly, posterior half free. Vocal slits and vocal sac absent. Dorsal skin shagreen, including on head; middorsal raphe detectable; no dermal folds or ridges visible on dorsal surface; flanks granular. Throat surface shagreen; upper chest shagreen, slightly “wrinkled”; weak thoracic fold; belly skin coarsely areolate; weak discoidal fold anterior to groin; posteroventral thigh and cloacal region coarsely areolate; cloacal sheath absent. Hand length 27.2% of SVL. Finger I 80.0% of II. Relative length of fingers III> IV> II> I; adpressed Finger I fails to reach proximal edge of digital pad of Finger II; adpressed Finger IV reaches the intercalary cartilage of Finger III on the left side, the base of the disc of Finger III on the right side. Two large, not connected, non-spinous, mostly unpigmented (translucent when wet, white when dry) nuptial pads on each thumb, one extending along the preaxial surface of the thenar tubercle and invading most of it, the other one extending along the dorsal and the preaxial surface of the thumb. Lateral fringes on all fingers, best developed preaxially on Fingers II-III (Fig. 3). Finger discs broadly expanded, elliptical, broader than long, circumferential groove conspicuous, distal edge of disc rounded; disc of Finger III 2.1 times wider that the distal end of the adjacent phalanx. Palmar tubercle large, poorly defined, not fully pigmented, deeply bifid; thenar tubercle large, protuberant, ovoid; supernumerary tubercles few, large (almost equal in size to the subarticular tubercles), slightly protuberant; subarticular tubercles large, round and protuberant, one each on FI and FII, two each on FIII and FIV. Ulnar tubercles few, inconspicuous, forming an ill-defined line; presence of a small antebrachial tubercle. Hind limbs moderate in length, heels slightly overlap when held at right angles to sagittal plane; TIL 50.4% of SVL; FL 41.7% of SVL. Relative length of Toes IV> V> III> II> I; tip of Toe V extends to the distal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; tip of Toe III extends to the distal edge of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV on the left side, to the proximal half of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV on the right side. Lateral fringes on all toes, best developed preaxially on Toes III-IV; webbing basal between Toe IV-V (Fig. 3). Toe discs mostly equal in size to finger discs, WTD/WFD = 1; toe discs broadly expanded, elliptical, broader than long, circumferential groove conspicuous, distal edge of disc rounded. Inner metatarsal tubercle elongate, oval, about four times the size of the projecting, round outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles round, large and protuberant; supernumerary plantar tubercles small, low and round, increasing in size distally. Single, inconspicuous and very small round calcar tubercle; no outer tarsal tubercles detectable; inner tarsal fold not detectable. Colour of holotype in life (see Fig. 2 A-B) Dorsal background colour orangish brown covered with numerous tiny white flecks, top of head slightly darker; inconspicuous darker (than adjacent dorsum) middorsal band outlined by ill-defined dark brown dorsolateral lines; irregular white band on the canthus rostralis; bluish white line on outer edge of upper eyelids; upper lips white; most post-rictal tubercles white; enlarged tubercles on eyelids light brown. Flanks orangish brown, with numerous tiny white flecks and some irregular white spots of variable sizes; groins, anterior thighs, and armpits bright orange. Arms and legs coloured as dorsal surfaces, with a few small irregular white spots on upper arms and on the distal part of tarsi. Throat, chest, and lower flanks white with brown anastomosed reticulation; belly and most of the undersurface of thighs bright orange; undersurface of distal thighs, shanks, and tarsi brown with a few small irregular white spots; posterior surface of thighs and cloacal area brown. Upper face of hands and feet orangish brown, except tip of Fingers I-II, which is bright orange, and tip of toes, which is whitish. Palms and soles brown; undersurface of Fingers I-III bright orange, including discs; undersurface of tip of Toes I-III bright orange including discs. Iris silver with dark brown venation and an ill-defined, broad horizontal brownish stripe; greenish silver spot on the posterior upper part of the iris. Colour of holotype in preservative (see Fig. 4D, H) After 13 months in 70% ethanol (July 2013), orangish brown faded to light brown. Orange and white faded to cream. Dorsal pattern turned generally more conspicuous. Brown reticulation on throat, chest, and lower flanks faded to light brown. Granules in the cloacal area, as well as subarticular and supernumerary tubercles became dark brown. Discs are greyish brown. Sexual dimorphism and variation among paratypes See Table 1 for measurements of the type series, and Figs 2, 4, 5 for intraspecific variation. Sexual dimorphism evident in size, with adult females being larger than the adult male (26.3-27.5 vs. 22.8 mm SVL), and by the presence of two nuptial pads in the male. A sexual dichromatism in belly colouration seems to occur, with the presence of an orange spot restricted to the middle area of the belly in living females, whereas the orange area covers the belly, the posterior part of the ventral surface, and the undersurface of thighs in a more continuous way in the living male (see Fig. 2B, D, F). Hands and feet slightly longer in the male than in the females (HAND III 27.2% vs. 24.0-25.1% of SVL; FL 41.7% vs. 37.8-40.3% of SVL). No additional significant difference is detected in other size ratios. No significant variation in skin texture occurs among the preserved specimens, but in life IRSNB 4163 (adult female, Fig. 2C) had a conspicuous dorsolateral fold extending from behind the eye to the end of the body; that fold totally disappeared in preservative. Eyelid tubercles are more difficult to detect in preserved specimens and range from 1 to 2 on each eyelid. Number of teeth on dentigerous processes of vomers varies from 2 to 6. Weak thoracic and discoidal folds detectable in IRSNB 4163 (female) and IRSNB 4164 (juvenile), not seen in the other paratypes. Tip of Toe V fails to reach the distal edge of the distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV on the left side in IRSNB 4161 (female) only. Colour pattern variable. In life, dorsal background colouration varies from bright orange to orangish dark brown, usually covered with tiny white flecks; dorsal pattern varies from irregular brown chevrons (e.g., in IRSNB 4161 and IRSNB 4162) to a slightly darker (than adjacent dorsum) middorsal band outlined by ill-defined dark brown dorsolateral lines (e.g., in IRSNB 4160) and/or a pale middorsal stripe (e.g., in IRSNB 4163); pattern on flanks varies from a few irregular oblique white (e.g., IRSNB 4163) or brown/white (e.g., IRSNB 4162) stripes to white spots (holotype); colour of ventral reticulation varies from brown to dark brown; inconspicuous transverse bands on arms and legs occur in two female paratypes (IRSNB 4162 and IRSNB 4163). Enlarged tubercles on eyelids are usually white (light brown in the holotype). The juvenile (IRSNB 4164, Fig. 5) has a complex and more marked dorsal pattern consisting of a greyish brown interorbital line preceded by a greyish brown circle and followed by a wide W-shaped marking outlined by greyish brown in the scapular region; the W-shaped marking is followed by a greyish brown arch, itself followed by two back to back C-shaped light grey lines. It also differs from adults in having an irregular greyish band on the canthus rostralis, the upper lip not completely white, granules in the loreal region, dark brown labial stripes, the supratympanic fold underlined by a dark brown band, brown transverse bands on the forearm, and reddish transverse bands on the legs. Iris varies from silver or greenish silver to bronze, with dark brown venation and an illdefined, broad horizontal brownish stripe. Morphological comparisons with congeneric species Available data suggest that tepui summit Pristimantis species have relatively restricted distributions in the Guinea Shield highlands; therefore, comparisons with congeners only focus on Pristimantis species known to occur in the Pantepui region (as defined by Kok 2013). Comparisons of external character states are based both on original descriptions and examination of museum specimens (see Appendix for material examined). Twenty species of Pristimantis are currently reported from the Pantepui region: P. aureoventris Kok, Means & Bossuyt, 2011, only known from the summit of Wei-Assipu-tepui and the upper slopes of Mount Roraima, Cuyuni-Mazaruni District, Guyana; P. abakapa Rojas-Runjaic, Salerno, Señaris & Pauly, 2013, described from the summit of Abakapá-tepui, Bolívar state, Venezuela; P. auricarens (Myers & Donnelly, 2008), known only from Auyán-tepui, Bolívar state, Venezuela; P. avius (Myers & Donnelly, 1997), reported from Pico Tamacuari, Amazonas state, Venezuela; P. cantitans (Myers & Donnelly, 1996), known from Cerro Yaví and Cerro Yutajé, Amazonas state, Venezuela; P. dendrobatoides Means & Savage, 2007, only known from the Wokomung massif, Potaro-Siparuni District, Guyana; P. guaiquinimensis (Schlüter & Rödder, 2007), described from Guaiquinima-tepui, Bolívar state, Venezuela; P. jester Means & Savage, 2007, known from the Wokomung massif, Potaro-Siparuni District, Guyana, and the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Cuyuni-Mazaruni District, Guyana (Kok, pers. obs. 2007); P. marahuaka (Fuentes-Ramos & Barrio-Amorós, 2004), endemic to Cerro Marahuaka, Amazonas state, Venezuela; P. marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900), reported as widespread in the Guiana Shield from eastern Venezuela to French Guiana and northern Brazil (Frost 2013), but several species may hide under this name; P. memorans (Myers & Donnelly, 1997), known only from the Sierra Tapirapecó, Amazonas state, Venezuela; P. muchimuk Barrio-Amorós, Mesa, Brewer-Carías & McDiarmid 2010, apparently endemic to the summit of Churí-tepui, Bolívar state, Venezuela; P. pruinatus (Myers & Donnelly, 1996), known only from Cerro Yaví, Amazonas state, Venezuela; P. pulvinatus (Rivero, 1968), reported from the Gran Sabana region and Auyán-tepui, Bolívar state, Venezuela to western Guyana (Frost 2013), but more than one species may hide under this name (see Kok et al. 2012); P. saltissimus Means & Savage, 2007, known from the Wokomung massif, Potaro-Siparuni District, Guyana, and the slopes of Maringma-tepui, Cuyuni-Mazaruni District, Guyana (Kok pers. obs. 2007); P. sarisarinama Barrio- Amorós & Brewer-Carías, 2008, endemic to Sarisariñama-tepui, Bolívar state, Venezuela; P. vilarsi (Melin, 1941), known from upper Amazonian Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela and Peru (Frost 2013); P. yaviensis (Myers & Donnelly, 1996), reported from Cerro Yaví and Cerro Yutajé, Amazonas state, Venezuela; P. yuruaniensis Rödder & Jungfer, 2008, known with certainty only from the summit of Yuruaní-tepui, Bolívar state, Venezuela (possible occurrence on the neighbouring Kukenán-tepui, see Mägdefrau & Mägdefrau 1994; Rödder & Jungfer 2008; Kok et al. 2011); and P. zeuctotylus (Lynch & Hoogmoed, 1977), widespread in northeastern South America (Frost 2013). Pristimantis jamescameroni sp. nov. is most easily distinguished from P. abakapa, P. aureoventris, P. avius, P. cantitans, P. dendrobatoides, P. guaiquinimensis, P. marmoratus, P. memorans, P. pruinatus, P. pulvinatus, P. saltissimus, P. sarisarinama, P. vilarsi, P. yuruaniensis and P. zeuctotylus by lacking a differentiated tympanic membrane and an external tympanic annulus (at least one of these structures is detectable in the latter 15 species). It further differs from P. vilarsi and P. zeuctotylus in having Finger I II in P. vilarsi and P. zeuctotylus). Pristimantis jamescameroni sp. nov. is immediately distinguished from P. auricarens, P. jester, P. marahuaka, P. muchimuk, and P. yaviensis (the only known Pantepui “earless” Pristimantis) in having conspicuous lateral fringes on fingers and toes (absent or limited to a weak keel in the latter 5 species). Distribution and ecology Pristimantis jamescameroni sp. nov. is only known from the summit of Aprada-tepui (Figs 1B, 6A, 7 A-B), Bolívar state, Venezuela, where it occurs from 2557 to 2571 m elevation. Aprada-tepui lies in the Aprada massif (Fig. 6A), in the Chimantá subdistrict (McDiarmid & Donnelly 2005). It is located ca. 22 km NW of the Chimantá massif and ca. 30 km S of Auyán-tepui (airline). According to the GPS, Aprada-tepui reaches a maximal elevation of about 2575 m above sea level. The summit area of Aprada-tepui is ca. 4.3 km 2, and is mainly covered by open rock vegetation and small islands of tepui forests (Huber 1995, Fig. 7B); it is characterized by a high number of small lakes (Fig. 7B) and some deep canyons. Aside from the male holotype, which was collected by day on the ground while calling in a small shallow rock crevice, hidden by the vegetation, all specimens were collected under rocks. Other males were heard calling very sporadically from shallow rock crevices by day, but could not be located. As in most other tepui summit Pristimantis, the new species is not abundant and individuals are difficult to collect. The only other anuran reported from the summit of Aprada-tepui is Stefania satelles Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1997, which occurs in higher density and might partly feed on P. jamescameroni sp. nov. (pers. obs.).Published as part of Kok, Philippe J. R., 2013, Two new charismatic Pristimantis species (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the tepuis of " The Lost World " (Pantepui region, South America), pp. 1-24 in European Journal of Taxonomy 60 on pages 5-15, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.60, http://zenodo.org/record/382495
Oreophrynella seegobini Kok, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textOreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. Figs. 1–3 Holotype. IRSNB 1979 (field number PK 2052), an adult male collected by Philippe J. R. Kok, Paul Benjamin and Claudius Perry, 29 November 2007 at 16 h 45, summit plateau of Mount Maringma, Cuyuni- Mazaruni District, Guyana (05° 12 ’ 59 ”N, 060° 35 ’ 05”W, 2088 m elevation). Paratype. IRSNB 1980 (field number PK 2053), an adult male with same data as holotype. Etymology. It is my pleasure to name this species in honour of my friend Giuliano “Kinky” Seegobin to acknowledge him for his friendship, hospitality, and always enthusiastic help during field work in Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Kinky (as nicknamed by his friends and diamond miner colleagues) developed a keen interest in amphibians and reptiles and is continuously ready for a collecting trip, even in the middle of the night. He unfortunately cancelled the Maringma expedition due to a health issue. Diagnosis. The new species is assigned to the genus Oreophrynella because of the following suite of characters: habitus bufoniform, parotoid glands absent, adult size less than 38 mm, Toes I–II opposed to III–V, thick skin between digits, skin tuberculate, tympanum absent. No other anuran in northern South America shares this combination of characters. In addition to the aforementioned diagnostic characters, the following features characterize the new species: (1) small size (up to 20.6 mm SVL in male, female unknown); (2) frontoparietal crests indistinct; (3) postorbital crests prominent; (4) prominent short suborbital crests; (5) dorsal skin minutely spiculate with scattered medium to large, elevated, oval and round tubercles; (6) ventral skin anteriorly rugose with few large, flat, round granules, posteriorly tuberculate; (7) webbing on hand and foot well-developed; (8) adult dorsal colour in life blackish brown; (9) adult ventral colour in life dark brownish orange; (10) one vocal slit present on the left or on the right side of the floor of the buccal cavity. Oreophrynella seegobini is immediately distinguished from all its known congeners, except O. weiassipuensis Señaris, DoNascimiento and Villarreal, 2005 by indistinct frontoparietal crests and prominent postorbital crests. In addition to the cephalic crests condition, Oreophrynella seegobini further differs from O. dendronastes Lathrop and MacCulloch, 2007 and O. macconnelli by well-developed webbing (basal in O. dendronastes and O. macconnelli), blackish brown dorsal colour in life (light brownish orange to olive brown in O. dendronastes and O. macconnelli) and dark ventral colour in preservative (creamy yellow in O. dendronastes and O. macconnelli); from O. nigra Señaris, Ayarzagüena and Gorzula, 1994 by well-developed webbing (moderate in O. nigra), low density of large tubercles (high density of small closely-set tubercles in O. nigra) and dark brownish orange belly in life (blackish brown in O. nigra); from O. quelchii by well-developed webbing (moderate in O. quelchii), low density of large tubercles (high density of tubercles in O. quelchii) and dark brownish orange belly in life (bright orange with black mottling in O. quelchii); from O. vasquezi Señaris, Ayarzagüena and Gorzula, 1994 by well-developed webbing (moderate in O. vasquezi), low density of large tubercles (high density of closely-set tubercles in O. vasquezi) and dark flanks in life and in preservative (distinctly lighter than dorsum in O. vasquezi); from O. cryptica Señaris, 1995 by well-developed webbing (basal to moderate in O. cryptica), blackish brown dorsal colour in life (dark reddish brown in O. cryptica), and dark ventral colour in preservative (creamy white, often with a dark patch in the centre of the belly in O. cryptica); and from O. huberi Diego-Aransay and Gorzula, 1990 by well-developed webbing (basal to moderate in O. huberi), blackish brown dorsal colour in life (rufous-orange in O. huberi), and dark ventral colour in preservative (creamy white in O. huberi). The new species is distinguished from Oreophrynella weiassipuensis by [characters of O. weiassipuensis according to Señaris et al. (2005) are in parentheses] having more prominent postorbital crests that are straight or slightly anteriorly concave (less developed, posteriorly concave), short prominent suborbital crest (indistinct), prominent canthal ridge extending roughly from tip of snout to halfway between nostril and upper eyelid (low), eye-nostril distance 79–86 % of eye diameter (59 %), larger and more prominent dorsal tubercles, ventral skin anteriorly rugose with large, flat, round granules, posteriorly tuberculate (granular with few small tubercles), a blackish brown dorsal colour without mid-dorsal line (reddish brown with darker marks and a thin dark brown mid-dorsal line), a dark brownish orange ventral colour with a black mid-ventral line (light reddish brown without black mid-ventral line), and orange palm and sole (light brown). Description of the Holotype. Adult male (Figs. 1 A–D, 2 A, C), head slightly wider than long, HL 34 % SVL, EN 86 % EYE. Snout with a small fleshy conical projection on the tip, acuminate in profile, projecting beyond the level of the lower jaw, SL 1.4 x EYE; loreal region smooth, vertical, slightly concave; canthus rostralis distinct, angular, with a prominent canthal ridge extending roughly from tip of snout to halfway between nostril and upper eyelid; nostrils protuberant directed laterally; internarial area highly concave; IND 117 % EN; IOD 0.8 x SL, 31 % HW, with a few medium-sized tubercles; frontoparietal crests indistinct. Temporal region vertical, postorbital crest well-developed, prominent, very sharp, anteriorly inclined, almost straight, slightly concave anteriorly; tympanum absent; sharp subocular crest well visible, shorter than eye length, not connecting with postorbital crest; tongue lanceolate, wider posteriorly, 35 % longer than wide, attached anteriorly, posterior quarter free. One vocal slit on the left side (absent on the right side), short, lateral. Premaxillary and maxillary teeth absent; choanae small, round; odontophores and vomerine teeth absent. Forelimbs long, slender; axillary membrane absent; hands moderately large, relative finger lengths III>II=IV>I, fingers flattened, tips not expanded; palm, fingers and webbing covered by numerous small, round, supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles larger than surrounding supernumerary tubercles; thenar and palmar tubercles conspicuous, prominent, thenar tubercle at base of first finger, ovoid, subequal to round palmar tubercle; webbing well-developed (Fig. 3 A). Hindlimbs long, slender, TIB 39 % SVL, femur slightly longer than tibia (FEM 104 % TIB), tibiotarsal articulation extending to jaw articulation when hindlimbs adpressed along body; feet moderately large; FOOT 84 % TIB; Toes I–II opposed to III–V, relative toe length IV>I>V>II=III, toes flattened, tips not expanded; sole, toes and webbing covered by numerous small, round, supernumerary tubercles; subarticular tubercles larger than surrounding supernumerary tubercles; inner and outer metatarsal tubercles small, of size similar to subarticular tubercles at the base of Toes II–V, inner metatarsal tubercle slightly larger than outer one; webbing well-developed (Fig. 3 B). Cloacal opening directed ventrally at mid-level of thighs, covered by a fleshy sheath. Dorsal skin minutely spiculate with scattered medium to large oval and round, conspicuously elevated tubercles; top of head with a few medium-sized to large tubercles, upper eyelid covered with smaller tubercles, those close to the external margin aligned in a more or less distinct row; limbs densely covered by medium-sized to large round tubercles (Fig. 1 A–C). Ventral skin anteriorly rugose with few scattered large, flat, round granules, posteriorly tuberculate (Fig. 1 D). Measurements of the Holotype (mm). SVL 20.0; HL 6.8; HW 7.8; SL 3.0; EN 1.8; EYE 2.1; IND 2.1; IOD 2.4; HAND 4.7; FEM 8.1; TIB 7.8; FOOT 6.6. Colour in life. Dorsum, top of head and flanks blackish brown, lower arm, hindlimbs and top of hands and feet slightly lighter than dorsum. A bright yellowish orange spot at arm insertion on the left side, lacking on the right side where the area is dark brownish orange. Upper eyelids and lateral surfaces of snout dark brownish orange (Fig. 1 A–C). Throat, chest and anterior part of belly dark brownish orange, posterior part of belly and area below vent blackish brown. A black mid-ventral line running from tip of lower jaw to posterior part of belly, slightly curved sinistrally. Ventral surface of limbs brownish orange. Palms and soles orange (Fig. 1 D). Iris dark greenish brown with inconspicuous dark grey streaks. Colour in preservative. Dorsal surfaces very dark brown, dorsal surfaces of hands and foot slightly lighter (Fig. 2 A). Ventral surfaces dark greyish brown, with a black patch below vent. Black mid-ventral line running from tip of lower jaw to posterior part of belly more conspicuous than in life. Palms and soles light grey (Fig. 2 C). Variation. The paratype is very similar to the holotype, except as follows: EN 79 % EYE; SL 0.8 x EYE; IND 105 % EN; IOD 1.3 x SL, 29 % HW; TIB 38 % SVL; FEM 108 % TIB; FOOT 86 % TIB; inner metatarsal tubercle proportionally larger and more conspicuous, outer indistinct; subocular crest longer and more conspicuous; tongue proportionally wider posteriorly; one vocal slit on the right side (vs. on the left side in the holotype); dorsal colour slightly darker, absence of yellowish orange spot at arm insertion (Figs. 1 E, 2 B); ventral surface of hindlimbs dark brown (instead of brownish orange); mid-ventral line slightly curved dextrally (Figs. 1 F, 2 D). Measurements of the Paratype (mm). SVL 20.6; HL 7.0; HW 7.9; SL 3.0; EN 1.9; EYE 2.4; IND 2.0; IOD 2.3; HAND 4.6; FEM 8.4; TIB 7.8; FOOT 6.7. Distribution and ecology. Oreophrynella seegobini is currently known only from the type locality, the summit of Maringma tepui in Guyana (Figs. 4 A –B). Both specimens were collected on the same day at the same time (16 h 45), ca. 1.0 m from each other. The holotype was walking slowly on the muddy ground, while the paratype was found hidden under a rotting bromeliad leaf. Habitat consists of tepui scrub (Fig. 5, see Kok 2008 for details on the vegetation of the summit of Maringma tepui). Both specimens emitted a soft “peep” when handled, a similar sound that was heard around the camp in early morning and before sunset. It is thus probable that the call of the species is a soft “peep-peep-peep” similar to the call of other high elevation Oreophrynella species (McDiarmid & Gorzula 1989, D. B. Means, pers. comm.). The species might be more abundant than expected, but difficult to find due to minute size and cryptic colouration. More colour photographs of the habitat of the species are in Kok (2008). The only other amphibian species collected during our stay on the summit of Maringma tepui (25–30 November 2007) are Anomaloglossus cf. roraima, A. sp, and Hypsiboas sibleszi.Published as part of Kok, Philippe J. R., 2009, A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconnelli Boulenger, 1900, pp. 35-49 in Zootaxa 2071 on pages 36-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27478
FIG. 1 in A revision of Cinnadenia Kosterm. (Lauraceae)
No full textFIG. 1. — Distribution of the species of Cinnadenia Kosterm.:, Cinnadenia paniculata (Hook. f.) Kosterm.;, Cinnadenia liyuyingii (H.Liu) de Kok & Sengun, comb. nov.;, Cinnadenia malayana Kosterm.Published as part of De Kok, Rogier P. J. & Sengun, Seda, 2020, A revision of Cinnadenia Kosterm. (Lauraceae), pp. 105-112 in Adansonia 42 (4) on page 107, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2020v42a4, http://zenodo.org/record/387736
Effect of post-administration of KOK in body weight and ovarian morphology in in rats with PCOS.
No full text<p>(<b>A</b>) Growth curves for the period of the treatment for normal, DHEA, DHEA + KOK, and KOK groups. Values represent the mean. (<b>B–D</b>) The graphs for body weight (B), serum estradiol (C), and ovary weight 40 days after DHEA injection (D). Values represent the mean ± SEM. <sup>##</sup>p<0.01 normal vs. DHEA group. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 DHEA vs. DHEA + KOK group. ANOVA with a Fisher's post-hoc test. (<b>E–P</b>) Photos and photomicrographs of ovaries from normal (E, I, and M), DHEA (F, J, and N), DHEA + KOK (G, K, and O) and KOK group (H, L, and P). The rectangles indicate the area magnified in photos shown in panels M-P. (<b>Q</b>) Number of follicular cysts. Post-administration of KOK restored the follicular cysts (asterisks) induced by DHEA. Scale bar = 50 μm.</p
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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No full textNikolai talks about the two lakes of Tsagan Nur and Kok Usun: Although I was born in Siberia, I consider Tsagan Nur as my true homeland, because it is where my ancestors come from. Tsagan Nur, meaning ‘white lake’, was named so because it looks white from distance. The area of Kok Usun, which means ‘green water’, has a place where the grass is really green. That place is often flooded and looks green from distance. Hence the lake’s name. Tsagan Nur has reeds where geese take shelter. People from the nearby villages come there fishing. These villages are Tugtun, Evdyk, Tsagan-Nur, Charlakta, and Boskhachi
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