539 research outputs found
Circulatory responses to baroreflexes, Valsalva maneuver, coughing, swallowing, and nasal stimulation during acute cardiac sympathectomy by epidural blockade in awake humans
No full text筑波大学University of Tsukuba博士（医学）Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciences1986Offprint. Originally published in: The journal of anesthesiology, v. 63, no. 5, pp. 500-508, 1985Joint author: Shuji DohiIncludes supplementary treatisesdoctoral thesi
Developing compact and innovative dual-band thermal imagers using multi-layer diffractive optical elements
No full textInfrared (IR) remote sensing offers a huge range of applications, mostly addressing make-or-break issues of our century (wildfires, irrigation monitoring, etc.). Multispectral spaceborne instruments require bulky optical systems designed for a specific scientific goal and have very low revisit time. Thereby, constellations of small satellites embarking compact dual-band IR imagers are very promising solutions. We study a dual-band IR diffractive element called multilayer diffractive optical elements (MLDOE). It replaces classical diffractive lenses (DOEs) that cannot operate simultaneously in two distinct wavebands. An MLDOE design is studied using the rigorous finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Its performance at the ”best” focal plane is deduced using free-space Fourier optics wave propagation. The presented MLDOE design has over 80% Strehl ratio in both bands, outperforming classical DOEs. Its chromatic focal shift has a negative variation, in opposition to refractive lenses, allowing efficient and compact dual-band hybrid lenses.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Spaceborne Instrumentatio
Scandalous Shuji Terayama : between the postulates and the reception of his art
No full textNiniejszy artykuł stanowi analizę odbioru sztuki Shujiego Terayamy w kontekście postulatów twórcy. Kontrowersyjne obrazy filmowe oraz odważne działania performatywne Terayamy do dzisiaj stanowią inspirację dla młodych pokoleń artystów niezależnych. Czerpiąc z teorii teatru okrucieństwa Antonina Artauda oraz nawołując do rewolucji seksualnej poprzez ukazanie transgresji cielesnych i odrzucenie norm społecznych, japoński artysta próbował przekazać widzom swoją wizję nowej, nieskrępowanej tradycją kulturową sztuki. W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostały kontrowersje związane z odbiorem twórczości Terayamy, wynikające z niezrozumienia przez publiczność postulatów artysty.The presented article is an analysis of the reception of Shuji Terayama's art in context of his postulates. The controversial films and daring performing acts of Terayama are the inspirations for the young generations of independent artists until this day. The director's main pursuit was connected with the effort to transfer his vision of a new, derived from traditional culture, art into the viewer's minds. To accomplish his goal Terayama took inspiration from Antonin Artaud's theatre conventions and presented his vision of body transgressions and refusal of social norms. The presented article shows the controversies connected with the reception of Terayama's art, resulting from the complicated way of presenting the postulates by the author himself
Scandalous Shuji Terayama – between the Postulates and the Reception of His Art
No full textThe presented article is an analysis of the reception of Shuji Terayama’s art in context of his postulates. The controversial films and daring performing acts of Terayama are the inspirations for the young generations of independent artists until this day. The director’s main pursuit was connected with the effort to transfer his vision of a new, derived from traditional culture, art into the viewer’s minds. To accomplish his goal Terayama took inspiration from Antonin Artaud’s theatre conventions and presented his vision of body transgressions and refusal of social norms. The presented article shows the controversies connected with the reception of Terayama’s art, resulting from the complicated way of presenting the postulates by the author himself.Niniejszy artykuł stanowi analizę odbioru sztuki Shujiego Terayamy w kontekście postulatów twórcy. Kontrowersyjne obrazy filmowe oraz odważne działania performatywne Terayamy do dzisiaj stanowią inspirację dla młodych pokoleń artystów niezależnych. Czerpiąc z teorii teatru okrucieństwa Antonina Artauda oraz nawołując do rewolucji seksualnej poprzez ukazanie transgresji cielesnych i odrzucenie norm społecznych, japoński artysta próbował przekazać widzom swoją wizję nowej, nieskrępowanej tradycją kulturową sztuki. W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostały kontrowersje związane z odbiorem twórczości Terayamy, wynikające z niezrozumienia przez publiczność postulatów artysty
Induction of Glutathione and Activation of Immune Functions by Low‐Dose, Whole‐Body Irradiation with γ‐Rays
No full textNeopterin as an Endogenous Antioxidant
No full textThe in vitro antioxidative activity of neopterin and its in vivo potency to suppress gastric ischemia were investigated. The scavenging activity of the reduced form of neopterin, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroneopterin (NPH4), against superoxide anion radicals, showed an extremely high superoxide anion radical scavenging activity in two assay systems, i.e., hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HPX/XOD) and rat macrophage/ phorbol myristate acetate (Mø/PMA) radical-generating systems. The antioxidative activities against both super oxideanion and hydroxyl radicals were confirmed by spin trapping-ESR spectrometry. In contrast, the oxidized form of neopterin (NP) did not show any activity in the HPX/XOD system, but was effective in the Mø/PMA system. These data suggest that NPH4 directly scavenges superoxide anion radicals, while NP suppresses the superoxide anion generation in macrophages through its inhibitory effect on the membrane NADPH-oxidase. Furthermore, NPH4 and NP effectively suppressed the formation of gastric injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion. These results suggest that neopterin play an important role as an endogenous antioxidant
Effects of Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) on S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-D,Lpenicillamine (SNAP)-Induced HL-60 Cell Death
No full textFirst, we examined the effects of various chemical NO-donors on the cell damage in HL-60 cells. The most potent of these was S-nitroso-N-acetyl- penicillamine (SNAP). The effect of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) on HL-60 cell damage induced by SNAP was investigated. Analysis of electrophoresis of DNA fragmentation induced by SNAP indicated that the cell damage was caused via apoptosis. This phenomenon was observed as early as 5 hr after the treatment with 500 mM SNAP. Apoptosis observed at an early time, 5 hr post-treatment with SNAP, was inhibited by BH4 . However, BH4 significantly increased cell death observed at a later time, 20 hr after the treatment. These results suggest that BH4 may be involved in modulating the cytotoxicity, including cell death, mediated by NO
Flexible transparent electrodes with silver nanowires
No full textTransparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), which transmit almost every range of visible light and transport electric current, are vital components for various optoelectronic devices, such as liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), Photovoltaics (PVs), and so forth. Particularly, indium tin oxide (ITO) has been widely employed as representative TCEs owing to its high electrical conductivity and high transmittance. Recently, with rapid evolution of optoelectronics, there is an increasing demand for the function as flexibility to impart the devices to be bendable or stretchable, where traditional technologies cannot be adapted. This requirement leads to an unprecedented shift of technological paradigm. Particularly, flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) are regarded as one of the indispensable components of the flexible optoelectronic devices. Among various FTEs, silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a one-dimensional structure are the most promising candidate owing to the suitable features, namely high electrical conductivity, high transparency, reasonable mechanical flexibility, and low-cost solution-based
fabrication. However, achieving superior optical and electrical properties beyond those of ITO based TCEs is still necessary. Inspired by this research gap, one-step multifunctional chemical treatment, which is our earlier work to fulfill all the requirements for FTEs, has been developed. Nevertheless, there is a critical problem with respect to the stability of the chemical process, that is, the short reaction time, which is the time capable of sustaining the constant welding effect. As my first research project in this thesis, by clarifying the mechanism of the instability derived from the solvent, in turn, replacing with the proper one, the reaction time is dramatically prolonged for over 5 times than that of the conventional process. The FTEs treated by the developed chemical treatment show the rigid mechanical stability under 10,000 bending cycles (Bending radius is 1 mm.) with continuous electrical bias. Moreover, based on the FTEs developed in this work, flexible LEDs are demonstrated. Secondly, in order to further pursue characteristic enhancement of FTEs, merging techniques related to reducing percolation threshold, namely, high-aspect ratio nanowires, composite with conducting polymer, and alignment of AgNWs, is proposed on the basis of percolation theory. As a preliminary study to confirm the potential of this idea, based on AgNWs with high-aspect ratio, ~2 % higher optical transmittance is confirmed by combining cross-aligned AgNWs coated by a Mayer rod with the conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS) than that of randomly formed AgNWs on PEDOT:PSS under the fixed sheet resistance. The further enhancement of the optical transmittance is expected by the introduction of “highly cross-aligned AgNWs”. Finally, mechanically stable stretchable TCEs based on buckled structures with superior electrical and optical properties are demonstrated by taking the full advantages of two techniques developed in my study. The proposed stretchable TCEs deliver better characteristics in terms of both conductivity and optical transmittance than those of the previously reported work. Simultaneously, the developed stretchable TCEs withstand 10,000 alternative stretch-release cycles between 0 % and 50 % deformation. The work done here will pave the way for the further development of flexible electronics.published_or_final_versionElectrical and Electronic EngineeringMasterMaster of Philosoph
Microscopy-capable electronics for simultaneous optical and electrical study of membrane proteins
No full textA microscopy-capable bioelectronic device enables simultaneous optical and electrical interrogation of biomolecules, such as membrane proteins incorporated into lipid bilayers for proper functioning. While correlating these signals improves data reliability and interpretability, commonly used unconstrained lipid bilayers often produce ensemble-averaged signals. This thesis aims to address this challenge. The platform features an array of PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) positioned beneath microscale fluoropolymer wells on ultra-thin microscope coverslips. Each well is sealed with an isolated segment of lipid bilayer containing membrane proteins, enabling simultaneous optical and electrical studies of spatially confined biomolecules, with the potential for single-molecule detection. First, we highlight key fabrication techniques tailored to the proposed devices. The process begins with defining metal lead patterns, which electrically connect the OECTs , on the coverslips using an optimized photolithographic process. Following the formation of the OECT channels on these metal leads, a fluoropolymer well array is patterned on top using a process-compatible method that allows flexible tuning of the polymer’s surface hydrophobicity. The resulting OECTs exhibit robust ion-sensing capabilities when tested in biologically relevant assay media. Second, we optimize an α-hemolysin-based biological assay specifically designed to validate our device, in which a concentration gradient in the electrolyte solution is established between the inner and outer wells. Key factors critical to successful assay performance are identified, including minimizing osmotic stress on lipid bilayers caused by concentration gradients, maintaining the ion sensitivity of the OECTs within a measurable range, and establishing favorable conditions for membrane protein insertion into the lipid bilayers.
In the final part of this thesis, we demonstrate the simultaneous electrical and optical recording of biomolecules using a custom-built measurement setup fully compatible with microscopy-capable electronics. Besides, we address a key consideration to provide a pathway for simultaneous single-molecule resolution recordings: operating the OECTs below the threshold electrical bias to prevent electroporation. The outcomes of this research are expected to lay the groundwork for advanced bioelectronics applications, including neuromorphic computing, drug screening, and e-nose systems
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