1,721,060 research outputs found
Public expenditure allocation and incidence under health care market liberalization: a Tanzanian casestudy
No full textPotential conflicts between health care commercialisation (promoted through health sector reform policies) and poverty-focused public expenditure policies are widely remarked upon by African policy analysts yet are insufficiently researched. This chapter addresses that gap in the international health policy debate. It contributes evidence of commercialisation of health care at all income levels in Tanzania, and then examines the allocation and incidence of public expenditure on health. Since all income groups use private as well as public care, and since people’s capacity to benefit from public subsidy to health care in this commercialised system depends upon ability to pay the fees and other associated costs of publicly subsidised care, people face a barrier to accessing the subsidy. We conclude that policies that encourage commercialisation should be evaluated carefully for conflicts with policies that attempt to improve the extent to which the poorest benefit from public expenditure on health
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Commercialization of health care: global and local dynamics and policy responses
No full textBased on original research and analysis by a group of health policy experts and economists from across the world, this book analyzes the causes and consequences of the expanding global and local commercialization of health care. It argues for the necessity and possibility of effective policy responses to develop good quality, universally inclusive health systems worldwide. The book aims to contribute to a shift in the international 'common sense' in health policy towards a more humane, inclusive, egalitarian, and ethical framework for policy formulation
Global and local dynamics and policy responses
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The state of Health in All policies (HiAP) in the European Union: potential and pitfalls
No full textThe shaping of global health policy
No full textThe role of the World Health Organisation in the context of the United Nations system was clearly specified in Article 2 of its constitution: ‘to act as the directing and co-ordinating authority on international health work’. Yet new institutions, networks and operators are increasingly active at the global policy level, often with substantial funding and increasingly limited respect for traditional United Nations operators such as the WHO. One aspect of this is the way commercial interests operating at the international level seek to define global and national health standards and the focus of health policy at both global and national levels. It is also becoming important to consider the institutional background and legitimacy of global organisations, as well as the ways in which global agendas and actors are influenced and shaped by commercialisation and commercial policy priorities set in other sectors, such as trade or industry, outside the remit of ministries of health. This often undermines the remit of the WHO, the normative agency for global health policy. There are three different ways of understanding what agencies involved in global health policy actually do: first, establishing global regulatory measures and standards; second, setting broader global policy agendas for common global action (e.g. ‘health for all’ primary health care; HIV/AIDS) and third, determining how global policies for health either enhance or limit the scope for national health policies and the global distribution of health resources
World Trade Organisation and trade-creep in health and social policies
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