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Ateuchus earthorum Kohlmann & Solis, sp. nov.
No full textAteuchus earthorum Kohlmann & Solís, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 –2, 4) Diagnosis: This species is distinguished from other Costa Rican species by the following combination of characters: head disc finely punctured with coarse punctures at anterior margin; pronotum finely punctured with coarse punctures at the base of the pronotal midline; anterior pronotal margin incomplete; eyes viewed from above 3 times longer than wide; head and pronotum with coppery red reflections; body oval; profemur coarsely punctured; proepimeron without punctures; elytra not shagreened; pygidium very convex; last abdominal segment broad; internal sac with three hooks. Holotype description: Male (Figs. 1–2). Total length 6.7 mm. Elytral width 4.4 mm. Body slightly ovoid and convex, dorsum dark brown, head and pronotum with strong cupreous red reflections; venter dark brown. Clypeal margin coarsely punctate and broadly V-shaped, tooth on each side rounded, lateral margin arcuate, dorsal surface of head finely punctate and granulate, frons and vertex feebly tumid, eye dorsally small (ten times the interocular distance). Pronotum finely punctate and granulate, moderately punctate at posterior end of midline, midline impressed only one-third pronotal length, anterior pronotal margin incomplete. Proepisternum finely wrinkled, proepimeron granular. Elytral surface smooth and shiny; striae slightly impressed, more strongly so anteriorly; striae feebly punctate, intervals slightly convex. Pygidium very convex, surface slightly granulate and minutely punctate, completely grooved. Protibia quadridentate, basal tooth small, protibial spur oval; apical one-half of profemur ventrally coarsely punctate, punctures extending along posterior margin to base of femur, punctate area black; mesofemur and metafemur short, thick, with minute punctures near apex. Internal sac of the aedeagus (Fig. 2) with three hooks, one small, two large; three apical lamellae; and a well-developed, spiny fascies. Allotype: Female. Total length: 7.2 mm. Elytral width: 4.9 mm. Differs from the holotype by the following characters: Clypeal margin anteriorly moderately V-shaped, anterior clypeal border moderately punctate, protibia with acute, slender spur slightly bent apically; last abdominal segment broader, pygidium less convex. Variation: Total length: 6.3–7.2 mm. Elytral width: 4.1–4.9 mm. The color intensity varies of the cupreous-red head and pronotum. Material Examined (11 specimens): Holotype, male: COSTA RICA: Est. Cacao, 2 km SW del Cerro Cacao, Prov. Guanacaste, 1100 m, 12–14 SET 1995, C. Scarabaeidae, caca de caballo. L_N _ 323100 _ 375800, # 6292. Allotype, female: ibidem. Paratypes. ibidem, 5 males, 3 females; ibidem, caca de mono, 1 female. Remarks: This species will key to A. ginae in Kohlmann’s (1997) key. These species are cryptic and cannot be separated on the grounds of external morphology; only the internal sac differences will distinguish them. In both species there are three hooks, two are long and similar and the third is long and like a simple bar in A. ginae, whereas it is short and spine-like in A. earthorum (Fig. 2). These sac-hooks morphological differences are not only consistent (external morphology can be very variable and misleading) and geographically circumscribed to Cacao volcano, but also typical for separating Ateuchus species (Kohlmann 1984, 1997, 2000). Moreover, the ecology and geology are also critical; the Guanacaste volcanoes are a wellknown species generating area for small-sized dung beetle taxa like Ateuchus, Canthidium, and Onthophagus (Kohlmann 1997, Kohlmann & Solís 2001, Kohlmann & Wilkinson 2007, Kohlmann et al. 2007, Solís & Kohlmann 2004) and for plants (Araceae, Arecaceae, and Bromeliaceae) as well (Kohlmann et al. accepted). Habitat: The new species lives in mountain tropical forest at 1100 m and has been collected in September in horse manure and from monkey’s dung. Geographical distribution (Fig. 4): The new species is so far only known from the Pacific slope of Cacao volcano, in the province of Guanacaste. Chorological affinities: The new species is found at the same altitude, in the Guanacaste Cordillera, as its sister species, A. ginae Kohlmann, in the Central Cordillera (Kohlmann 1997). Taxonomic relationships: Ateuchus earthorum is hypothesized to be the sister species to A. ginae Kohlmann based on shared morphological characters discussed above. Etymology: The name is a Latinized noun in the genitive case. This species is dedicated to EARTH University in Costa Rica, an institution committed to the sustainable development of the humid tropics, to celebrate its 20 th anniversary.Published as part of Kohlmann, Bert & Solis, Angel, 2009, New species of Ateuchus and Canthidium (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, pp. 31-37 in Zootaxa 2219 on pages 31-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19001
Canthon inusitatus Kohlmann & Solis, sp. nov.
No full textCanthon inusitatus Kohlmann & Solís, sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 5) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: body oval, convex, black; dorsal surface shagreened; legs dark brown with a reddish hue. Posterior border of head clearly margined; second labial palpomere smaller than first; mentum entire; thorax strongly transverse; elytra not carinate; meso and metatibiae lacking transverse carinae; meso and metatarsomeres narrow and elongate, distal four tarsomeres as a group parallelsided or nearly so, first tarsomere very small, its length about half that of second; metatibial spur spinose and sharp. Description of holotype. Male. Length: 7.9 mm, humeral width: 5.9 mm. Body oval and convex, completely black; dorsal surface shagreened. Head with surface smooth, with fine punctures; posterior border of head clearly margined, margin with punctation at regular intervals; antenna brown, club grayishbrown. Clypeus anteriorly bidentate (Fig. 4), with a Vshaped emargination between teeth. Eyes small, dorsally only 7 facets wide and approximately twice as long as wide, separated by approximately 36 times their dorsal width (Fig. 4). Thorax much wider than long (Fig. 4); anterior angles well developed and acute; lateral borders forming angled arch; posterior angles poorly defined; anterior and lateral borders margined; disc very convex, finely punctured; without evident prescutellar impression. Prosternum with proepimeral carina absent. Elytra with striae nearly obsolete and finely punctate; interstriae shagreened, finely punctate, convex. Pygidium large (3.5 mm width versus 3.6 mm head width) and triangular; base not margined; disc convex, finely punctate. Protibia with three teeth on external edge, the apical tooth broadened towards apex with slender, acute apical spur (Fig. 4); ventral surface of metafemur lacking lines adjacent to posterior margin; metatibia slender and curved; meso and metatarsi long and slender, first tarsal article clearly shorter than second (Fig. 4); basal onethird of metafemur slender. Female. Unknown. Material examined (1 specimen). Holotype male: COSTA RICA. Heredia. 6 km ENE Vara Blanca, 2000 m, 13 abril 2002, 20/TF/05, D. Brenes, M. Paniagua y R. Vargas. Habitat. The species was collected in cloud forest (lower montane rain forest according to the Holdridge [1967] life zone system). Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the Caribbean slope of the Central Cordillera of Costa Rica (Fig. 5). Chorological affinities. The distribution of this new species represents, together with C. moniliatus, the northernmost distribution of the members of the “ Scybalocanthon ” group. Taxonomic relationships. Canthon inusitatus seems to have a number of different characters from the other species of the “ Scybalocanthon ” group, which Medina et al. (2003) have concluded is an artificial group. Canthon inusitatus will key to C. moniliatus Bates in couplet 8 in the Solís and Kohlmann (2002) key to the Canthon of Costa Rica. However, these two species differ in several characters and C. inusitatus can be easily separated from C. moniliatus by color (body all black versus head and elytra black and pronotum yellowbrown), male protibial spur (broad versus slender), and femoral color (unicolored versus black and yellow). Etymology. The word inusitatus is a Latin adjective in the nominative singular case, meaning unusual or extraordinary, in reference to such a big species having been found in such an unusual place for a Canthon, a cloud forest, after more than fifteen years of systematic collections in the area.Published as part of Kohlmann, Bert & Solís, Ángel, 2006, New species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Mexico and Costa Rica, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 1302 on pages 65-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17365
Canthidium margaritae Kohlmann & Solis, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Canthidium margaritae</i> Kohlmann & Solís sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: body globose; head and pronotum uniformly and strongly punctate; frons swollen; frontoclypeal region with a small, smooth swelling medial to each eye; eye dorsally at posterior end of gena narrow, eight to ten facets wide, interocular distance separated by approximately 8–10 times maximal eye width; basal pronotal border not margined; elytra with eight striae, surface lightly shagreened, microsculpture coarser towards apex; hind wing brachypterous.</p> <p> <b>Description of Holotype.</b> Male. Length: 4.5 mm, humeral width: 2.9 mm. Body form globose (Fig. 1). Head and pronotum coppery­red, elytra dark brown (Fig.1). Head and pronotum strongly punctate and devoid of setae.</p> <p>Clypeus rugosely punctate, apex strongly bidentate, median emargination broadly Vshaped (Fig. 2 a); eye dorsally at posterior end of gena narrow, eight to ten facets wide, eyes separated by approximately 8–10 times maximum eye width (Fig. 2 a). Frons and vertex of head strongly punctate, frons swollen; two small, black, smooth swellings between eyes (Fig. 2 a).</p> <p>Pronotum on disc and posterior angles slightly shagreened; surface strongly and uniformly punctate; lateral fovea oval; posterior margin lacking elongated punctures or groove.</p> <p>Elytral striae consisting of clear indented lines interrupted by fairly evenly spaced oval punctures (approximately the maximum length of one puncture); intervals shiny, finely punctate; surface shiny and slightly shagreened especially towards apex. Elytra globose; hindwing brachypterous (Fig. 2 h).</p> <p>Pygidium distinctly punctate, more coarsely so in basal half, surface shiny and slightly shagreened at base. Genitalia as in Fig. 2 g.</p> <p>Protibia with three teeth on external border (Fig. 2c), inner apical margin of protibia produced into a rounded anterior projection and slightly bent downwards (Fig. 2c), apical spur with incurved apex (Fig. 2c). Pro­, meso­ and metafemora with ventral surface finely punctate and finely shagreened.</p> <p> <b>Allotype.</b> Female. Length: 4.6 mm, humeral width: 3.1 mm. Differing from male in the following major characters: clypeus slightly more transversely rugose (Fig. 2 b), apical spur not forming incurved apex and claw­bearing protarsus not as thick (Fig. 2 d), pygidium broader and less heavily punctate (Fig. 2 f), last abdominal segment broader, inner apex of protibia not forming a rounded lobe (Fig. 2 d).</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Elytral surface can range from completely shagreened to shagreened only on the apical third.</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b> (8 specimens). <b>Holotype</b> male: MÉXICO. Estado de México. Sierra de Nanchititla, Palos Prietos, 28–29­julio­2005, Alt. 1750 m, coprotrampa, M. Castillo, A. y L. Delgado cols. <b>Allotype</b> female: <i>ibidem</i>. Paratypes: MÉXICO. Estado de México. Sierra de Nanchititla, 18–19­VIII­96, 1800 msnm, G. Nogueira col., (1 female); same data as holotype (4 males, 1 female).</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> This species has been found in cloud forest mixed with oaks in elevations ranging from 1,750 to 1,800 m above sea level.</p> <p> <b>Geographical distribution.</b> It is only known in the State of México in the Sierra de Nanchititla on the upper reaches of the Balsas river depression (Fig. 3).</p> <p> <b>Chorological affinities.</b> The known range of <i>Canthidium margaritae</i> is widely separated from that of a very similar species, <i>C. riverai</i>, which is distributed in the Manantlán (Jalisco State) and the Coacolmán (Michoacán state) mountain ranges at similar altitudes (960–2,000 m above sea level) and in cloud forests.</p> <p> <b>Taxonomic relationships</b>. <i>Canthidium margaritae</i> is postulated to be the sister species of <i>C. riverai</i>. They are both globose in body shape and brachypterous, they also have a swollen frons, clearly punctate pronotum, shagreened elytra, evenly impressed striae, and they both inhabit cloud forests. This species pair apparently represents a vicariant speciation event between the Sierra Madre del Sur (<i>C</i>. <i>riverai</i>) and the Neovolcanic Axis (<i>C</i>. <i>margaritae</i>).</p> <p> <i>C. margaritae</i> will key to <i>C. riverai</i> Kohlmann and Solís in couplet 12 in the Kohlmann and Solís (2006) key for the <i>Canthidium</i> of Mexico. The two species are very similiar, but <i>C. margaritae</i> can be easily separated from <i>C. riverai</i> by having bigger eyes (8–10 eye facets versus 2–3 eye facets), head and pronotal punctures less coarse, elytra less shagreened, a different metatibial form (internal apical angle projected like a tapering rectangle versus apically obliquely truncated), and differences in the form of the parameres (parameres taper evenly towards apex versus parameres with a small hump at apical two­thirds).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> We dedicate this species to Margarita Castillo, who has always supported Luis Leonardo Delgado in his entomological studies and also helped collect this new species. The name is derived from the latinized (<i>margarita</i>) Greek word μαργαρίτη, meaning a pearl.</p>Published as part of <i>Kohlmann, Bert & Solís, Ángel, 2006, New species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Mexico and Costa Rica, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 1302</i> on pages 62-65, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/173658">10.5281/zenodo.173658</a>
Canthidium (Eucanthidium) darwini Kohlmann & Solis, sp. nov.
No full textCanthidium (Eucanthidium) darwini Kohlmann & Solís, sp. nov. (Figs. 3–4) Diagnosis: This species is distinguished from other Costa Rican species by the following combination of characters: Frontoclypeal region with three conical tubercles; clypeal indentation V-shaped; pygidium minutely punctate; elytral striae fine, superficially impressed; protibia with two clearly developed lateral teeth, and third weakly developed; head, pronotal, and elytral surface clearly and evidently shagreened. Holotype description: Male (Figs. 3–4). Total length 4.0 mm. Elytral width 2.7 mm. Body slightly globose, head and pronotal surface green with golden reflections, elytra reddish brown with golden reflections, dorsum shagreened; venter dark brown. Clypeal margin anteriorly wrinkled and V-shaped, tooth on each side rounded, margin arcuate; dorsal surface of head finely punctate and shagreened; frons with three conical tubercles forming a triangle, area between the tubercles depressed; eye dorsally small (15 x the interocular distance). Pronotum finely punctate and uniformly and evidently shagreened, midline not impressed. Proepisternum finely wrinkled proepimeron granular. Elytral surface uniformly shagreened; elytral striae broad, dark, smooth, and very slightly impressed; surface dotted with small, polished lunules. Pygidium smooth, shiny, uniformly and minutely punctate, slightly shagreened at base. Protibia with two developed external teeth, the third weakly developed; protibiae long and slender (same in female), protibial anterior internal angle elongated as a broad, strong spine; mesotibiae and metatibiae clearly dilated apically. Allotype: Female. Total length: 4.2 mm. Elytral width: 2.9 mm. Differs from the holotype by the following characters: protibial anterior internal angle elongated as a fine, slender spine; protibia slightly shorter (0.8 mm). Variation: Total length: 3.9–4.1 mm. Elytral width: 2.5–2.7 mm. Pronotal reflections can be green, red, or dark brown. Material Examined (48 specimens): Holotype, male: COSTA RICA: Limón. P.N. La Amistad. Punto # 5. 1500–1600 m. 24–25 OCT 2007. B. Gamboa, M. Monge. Tp. Foso. L N 198990 627455 # 92828. Allotype, female: ibidem. Paratypes. ibidem, 6 specimens; ibidem, Z.P. Río Banano, Campamento base, 1300–1400 m. 25–26 OCT 2007. L N 199938 627615 #92827, 5 specimens; ibidem, P.I. La Amistad Caribe. Camp. 2: Río Coén, Transecto 1. 1700–1800m. 21–23 FEB 2007. B. Gamboa, M. Moraga. Tp. Foso. L_S_ 370381 _ 549794 #90734, 12 specimens. Cartago. La Unión. Z.P. C. Carpintera. Cima. 1870m. 23–25 JUL 2008. J. Azofeifa, B. Hernández, M. Moraga, M. Zumbado. Tp. Malaise/ Intersección. L_N_ 207500 _ 538000 #94456, 11 specimens; ibidem, Z.P. C. Carpintera. Q. Chirraca. 1750m. 22–25 JUL 2008. Azofeifa, Hernández, Moraga, Zumbado. Tp. Malaise/ Intersección. L_N_ 208250 _ 539000 #94458, 12 specimens; ibidem, Z.P. C. Carpintera. Fca. Istarú. 1840–1860m. 22–25 JUL 2008. Azofeifa, Hernández, Moraga, Zumbado. Tp. Malaise/ Intersección. L_N_ 207300 _ 539000 #94463, 6 specimens. Habitat: The species has been collected in February, July, and October between 1300 and 1870 m with Malaise/interception and hog dung-baited traps in cloud forest mixed with Quercus and Lauraceae. Geographical distribution (Fig. 4): Known only from the Caribbean slope of the Talamanca mountain range. Chorological affinities: The new species is basically occupying a similar altitude (1000–1600 m) in the Caribbean slope of the Talamanca mountain range, as its sister species, C. marianelae, does in the Central, Tilarán, and Guanacaste mountain ranges. Taxonomic relationships: This species is hypothesized to be the sister species of C. marianelae based on shared morphological characters. These species can be easily separated because the new species is heavily shagreened on the thorax and elytra; whereas C. marianelae is only slightly shagreened on the thorax. Moreover, the new species has evident broad, dark, flat, and superficial elytral striae; whereas, C. marianelae has broad, flat, and superficial elytral striae, that are very difficult to discern. Etymology: “ Darwini ”, is the genitive form of Darwin. This species is primarily dedicated to the eminent biologist and evolutionist, Charles Darwin. It is additionally dedicated to the UK Darwin Initiative for their contribution to the preservation of tropical biodiversity and as an acknowledgement for financing the project “Basic Tools for Managing the La Amistad (Costa Rica – Panama) International Park.” This project supported the expeditions that resulted in the collection of the specimens used in this study.Published as part of Kohlmann, Bert & Solis, Angel, 2009, New species of Ateuchus and Canthidium (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica, pp. 31-37 in Zootaxa 2219 on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19001
Deltochilum acanthus Kohlmann & Solis, new species
No full textDeltochilum acanthus Kohlmann & Solís, new species Figs. 6, 7, 15 Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other Costa Rican Deltochilum species by the following combination of characters: Pygidium with apex thickened, very acutely angled (90 °) and outwardly produced (Fig. 7 f). Apical half of metatibia bent inward. Description. Holotype. Male (Fig. 6): Length 11.9 mm. Humeral width 8.0 mm. Body color black, head and pronotum distinctly punctate. Head approximately as long as wide; clypeus with two distinct, narrowly separated, upwardly reflexed, pointed teeth, pointed anterior teeth; each clypeal-genal margin with low obtuse teeth; vertex closely punctate, nearly flat; dorsal eyes large. Pronotum with lateral margin angulate at middle, otherwise straight to slightly sinuate before and behind; pronotal surface densely punctate, giving the appearance of a honeycomb. Elytral striae indicated by a double line, line expanded by widely separated, shallow strial punctures; disc intervals opaque, with numerous shallow, very close punctures (Fig. 7 h); humeral umbone and apices of third to seventh intervals carinate; elytral surface shagreened. Epipleural upper carina interrupted (Figs. 7 b, d). Pygidium with apex thickened, very acutely angled and outwardly produced (Fig. 7 f); disc nearly flat, shallowly and densely punctate, punctures umbilical. First abdominal sternite forms a rearward projection at the middle of the posterior border. Profemur with margin unmodified; protibia with three apical teeth (the middle one smaller) and numerous serrations on outer margin. Apical half of metatibia bent inwardly. Allotype. Female. Length 11.2 mm. Humeral width 7.6 mm. Similar to male, but the first abdominal sternite is evenly arched at the middle of the posterior border. Variation. Fifty-eight specimens examined, 38 males and 20 females. Length 10.4–13.0 mm. Humeral width 7.3–8.0 mm. Examined material (58 specimens). Holotype, male: COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas. Res. Biol. Carara, Est., Quebrada Bonita. 50 m, jun 1993. J.C. Saborío. L-N- 194500, 469850, CRI 001185073. Allotype, female: COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas. R.B. Carara, Est. Quebrada Bonita. 50 m, nov. 1993. J.C. Saborío. L S 194500 _ 469850, # 2470, CRI 001969700. Paratypes. COSTA RICA. Prov. Puntarenas. Centro Juvenil Tropical. Alrededor de la Estación. 100m. 5–12 JUL 1997. M. Lobo. Colecta Nocturna. L_S_ 294700 _ 517100 # 47733, 1 female; Estación Esquinas, 0 m, Península de Osa, Abr 1993. M. Segura, L-S 301400 _ 542200, 1 female; Estación Quebrada Bonita, 50 m, Res. Biol. Carara, 1 a 29 jul 1992, R. Guzmán, L- N 194500 _ 469850, 1 male; Oct 1993. J. C. Saborío, L N 194500 _ 469850 # 2396, 1 female; Set 1993. J. Saborío, L N 194500 _ 469850 # 2354, 2 males; Nov 1993, R. Guzmán, L N 194500 _ 469850 # 2447, 2 males; Jun 1993, R. Guzmán, L N 194500 _ 469850 # 2202, 1 male; 2 a 23 set 1992, R. Guzmán, L-N 194500 _ 469850, 3 males; agos 1993, R.M. Guzmán, L N 194500 _ 469850 # 2297, 1 female; Ene 1994, R. M. Guzmán, L N 194500 _ 469850 # 2572, 1 female; Feb 1994, R. M. Guzmán, L N 194500 _ 469850 # 2613, 1 male; May 1994, R. M. Guzmán, L N 194500 _ 469850 # 2914, 3 males, 1 female; Ago 1994, R. M. Guzmán, L N 194500 _ 469850 # 3163, 1 female; Oct 1994. J.C. Saborío, Desconocido L_N_ 469850 _ 194500 # 3288, 1 female; Jun 1996. R. Guzmán. L_N_ 195250 _ 469850 # 7648, 1 male; Set 1994. R. M. Guzmán, L_N_ 194500,469850 # 3214, 2 males, 1 female; May 1994. J. Saborío. L_N_ 470000 _ 195200 # 2849, 4 males, 1 female; Estación Sirena, 0–100m, P. N. Corcovado, Ago 1991, J. C. Saborío, L S 270500 _ 508300, 1 female; G. Fonseca, Jun 1991, L- S 270500 _ 508300, 1 male; Jun 1991, J. C. Saborío, L- S 270500 _ 508300, 1 male; Oct 1993. G. Fonseca, L S 270500 _ 508300 # 2380, 1 male; Jan 1990, G. Fonseca, L_S_ 270500 _ 508300, 1 female; G. Fonseca, Abr 1991, L- S 270500 _ 508300, 1 male, 1 female; G. Fonseca, Oct 1989, L- S 270500 _ 508300, 1 female; F. Quesada, Jun 1990, L- S 270500 _ 508300, 1 male; Refugio de Vida Silvestre Golfito, Estación Naranjales, 0 – 100m, 25 ABR 2004, W. Porras, Libre, L_S_ 289900 _ 553450 # 76842, 1 male; 22 – 27 ABR 2004, W. Porras, B. Gamboa, D. Briceño, M. Moraga, Amarilla, L_S_ 289900 _ 553450 # 76946, 2 males, 3 females; Rancho Quemado, 200 m, Península de Osa. 12 a 24 may 1993. A. Gutiérrez, L S 292500 _ 511000, 1 male; Oct 1990. F. Quesada. L-S 292500, 511000, 1 male; 11–28 Oct 1993, A. H. Gutiérrez, L S 292500 _ 511000 # 2409, 2 males, 1 female; Río Agujas. Estación Agujas. Send. Ajo. 300m. 6–12 ENE 1998. M. Lobo. L_S_ 276750 _ 526550 # 49736, 1 male. PANAMA. Canal Zone, Barro Colorado, Poscher’s Peninsula, 6 jun 1986. H. Wolda, 1 male; 11 jun 1986. H. Wolda, 1 female; 18 jun 1986. H. Wolda, 1 male; 25 jun 1986, H. Wolda, 1 male; 11 sep 1987. H. Wolda, 1 male. Habitat. The species has been collected with flight interception traps in tropical rain forest, ranging from 0– 100 m altitude, during the months of April to November. Geographical distribution (Fig. 15). This species is known so far from the Pacific rain forest of Costa Rica and the Canal Zone of Panama. Chorological affinities. Deltochilum acanthus seems to show a geographic vicariant pattern in relation to the similar species D. valgum acropyge, which inhabits the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Taxonomic relationships. It would appear that the new species originated from a vicariant event, when the Talamanca range rose up approximately 3 million years ago, isolating the rain forest on the Pacific coast from the rainforests on the Caribbean coast. This mechanism seems to account for the origin of a great number of other animal vicariant species, examined in Kohlmann & Wilkinson (2007). We believe that D. valgum needs to be studied, and that its different subspecies represent a species complex in need of hierarchical revaluation. We therefore describe D. acanthus as a species and not as a subspecies, in anticipation of this process. Deltochilum acanthus can be easily separated from D. valgum by its pygidium, which has the thickened apex, very acutely angled and outwardly produced (Fig. 7 f), whereas D. valgum has a much less thickened and projected pygidium (Fig. 7 e). There are also differences in dorsal punctation: the pronotum in D. acanthus is very densely punctured, producing the effect of a honeycomb, whereas in D. valgum the punctures are more spaced, by at least the length of one puncture. The elytral punctures are also different, in D. acanthus punctation is dense and the elytral striae are broad (Fig. 7 h), whereas D. valgum is less densely punctured and the striae are thin (Fig. 7 g). Etymology. Acanthus (ĸανθοζ = acanthos), a Latinized Greek noun in apposition, meaning thorn, making reference to the spiny pygidial apex.Published as part of Kohlmann, Bert & Solís, Ángel, 2012, New species and revalidations of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Athyreini and Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama, pp. 28-52 in Zootaxa 3193 on pages 36-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21112
Facebook et les champis
No full textArticle rédigé par E. Kohlmann Bolet pied rouge ? (c) Emilie Kohlmann Depuis peu, j'ai rejoint un groupe Facebook privé qui rassemble des amateurs et amatrices de champignons. Même si cette expérience, personnelle, paraît hors de propos, elle me permet d'alimenter néanmoins une réflexion globale sur les modalités de partage et de connaissance de la nature, voire de partage de connaissances sur la nature, dans un cadre non "scientifique", la science participative étant loin des préoccupati..
Trichillum (Eutrichillum) arcus Solis & Kohlmann, sp. nov.
No full textTrichillum (Eutrichillum) arcus Solís & Kohlmann, sp. nov. (Fig. 6) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other Trichillum species by the following combination of characters: metalliccolour, with head and pronotum a brilliant winered with green cupreous reflections, the elytra a darker winered with green cupreous reflections; clypeogenal suture raised and keeled, arching and projecting towards the middle of the head, and interrupted medially. Description. Holotype. Male: Length 3.8 mm. Humeral width 2.7 mm. Body short and rounded, dorsally convex. Dorsal surface brilliant winered on head and pronotum with green cupreous reflections; elytra darker wine red with green cupreous reflections; ventral surface reddishbrown. Dorsal surface with setae. Head smooth, covered with umbilicate punctures that bear a golden seta; clypeus bidentate separated by a slightly rounded Vshaped notch, teeth well developed; genae projecting in an even arch; clypeogenal suture raised and keeled, arching and projecting towards the middle of the head, but interrupted medially; eyes small and emarginated, 3.5 times longer than wide. Pronotum smooth, covered haphazardly with umbilicate punctures of different sizes that bear a golden seta; posterolaterally with a small, black gibbosity; base not emarginated; pronotal lateral borders slightly angled anteriorly; an arched carina goes from behind and below the lateral gibbosity to the anterolateral pronotal arch. Elytra with eight striae, including the epipleural. Intervals slightly convex and smooth. Striae slightly impressed, more so at their apex, faintly punctate. First stria with a row of umbilicate punctures bearing an erect golden seta along its inner side. Striae 28 with the same row of punctures along the external side, with the exception of the second stria, which also has on its apical third the seta bearing punctures. Pygidium completely margined, smooth and convex, covered with umbilicate punctures of varying sizes and bearing an erect golden seta. Femora covered by umbilicate punctures bearing an erect golden seta. Pro, mesoepimeron, metaepisternum, pro, meso, metasternum and abdominal sternites covered with large, flat and shallow ocellated impressions; in the case of the metasternum the impressions lie along its margin, whereas the central area is smooth. Meso and metafemora have a line of punctures bearing setae at the posterior ventral margin. Like all males from the subgenus Eutrichillum it has the fifth protarsus distally swollen and dorsally deeply excavated for accommodating the claws while at rest. Allotype. Female: Length 3.5 mm. Humeral width 2.2 mm. Similar to male, except that the fifth protarsus is not distally swollen. Variation. Length 2.94.1 mm. Humeral width 1.82.8 mm. The first stria has sometimes one or two isolated umbilical punctures with an erect seta along its external margin. The second stria has a row of umbilical punctures with erect setae along its inner margin going from its apical third to its apical half. Strial punctures can become more crenulating towards the apex. Examined material (39 specimens). Holotype, male: COSTA RICA. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S. Sta. Cecilia, P.N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guanacaste, 700m, May, 1994, C. Moraga, CRI 001 832764. Allotype, female: Prov. Guanacaste, Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, 700m, Oct. 1996, C. Moraga, CRI 002 500213. Paratypes. Guanacaste: ibid. allotype, 5 specimens; ibid. holotype, 1 specimen; ibid., Junio 1994, 3 specimens; ibid., Agosto 1993; Sector Santa María, 25 km NE de Liberia, 790 m, 927 Oct, 1996, D. Briceño, 6 specimens; 1118 Nov, 1996, 2 specimens. Alajuela: Sector San Ramón de Dos Ríos, 1.5 Km NO Hda. Nueva Zelandia, 620m, 1221 Julio 1996, F.A. Quesada, 14 specimens; 1728 set 1995, 1 specimen; Puesto Quebradón, 300 m, Nov 1997, G. Rodríguez, trampas de intercepción, con agua de sal, Baykil y frutas en las tazas, 1 specimen; San Lorenzo, 600620 m, 1619 Septiembre 1996, F.A. Quesada, 1 specimen. Heredia: Est. Biológica La Selva, 21 VI 1998, C. Carleton & A. Tishechkin, 1 specimen; 50150 m, 14 Mayo 1993, INBio OET, bosque secundario, 1 specimen. Habitat. This species has been collected using traps baited with rotting meat or with flight interception traps inside tropical rain forest. Geographical distribution. This new species of Trichillum occurs on both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes, along the bases of the volcanoes of the Guanacaste and Tilarán Cordilleras. Chorological affinities. So far this is the northernmost distribution range known for a member of the genus Trichillum. This species will most probably be also found in the Atlantic rain forests of Nicaragua. Taxonomic Relationships. The species belongs to the subgenus Eutrichillum, as defined by Martínez (1967). Based on external characteristics, the clypeogenal suture, the punctation of the pronotum and the piliferous punctation and flatness of the elytral intervals, this new species seems to be related to T. boucomonti Arrow. Etymology. From the Latin word meaning rainbow, a reference to the iridescent coloration of this species.Published as part of Solís, Ángel & Kohlmann, Bert, 2003, New species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Costa Rica and Panama, pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 139 on pages 10-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15678
Coprini
No full textCOPRINI <p> <i>CANTHIDIUM</i> Erichson, 1847</p> <p> <i>Pleronyx</i> Lansberge, 1874</p> <p> <i>Neocanthidium</i> Martínez, Halffter, & Pereira, 1964 <i>C. angusticeps</i> Bates, 1887</p> <p> <i>C. annagabrielae</i> Solís & Kohlmann, 2004 <i>C. ardens</i> Bates, 1887</p> <p> <i>C. rhodopus</i> Bates, 1887</p> <p> <i>C. aurifex</i> Bates, 1887</p> <p> <i>C. centrale</i> Boucomont, 1928</p> <p> <i>C</i>. <i>martinezi</i> Edmonds & Halffter, 1978 <i>C. darwini</i> Kohlmann & Solís, 2009 <i>C. discopygidiale</i> Howden & Young, 1981 <i>C. emoryi</i> Solís & Kohlmann, 2004 <i>C. guanacaste</i> Howden & Gill, 1987 <i>C. haroldi</i> Preudhomme de Borre, 1886 <i>C. hespenheidei</i> Howden & Young, 1981 <i>C. laetum</i> Harold, 1867</p> <p> <i>C. granivorum</i> Halffter & Halffter, 1978 <i>C. leucopterum</i> Howden & Young, 1981</p> <p> <i>C. macroculare</i> Howden & Gill, 1987</p> <p> <i>C. marianelae</i> Solís & Kohlmann, 2004 <i>C. marielae</i> Solís & Kohlmann, 2004</p> <p> <i>C. pallidoalatum</i> Howden & Young, 1981 <i>C. perceptibile</i> Howden & Young, 1981 <i>C. planovultum</i> Howden & Young, 1981 <i>C. priscillae</i> Solís & Kohlmann, 2004</p> <p> <i>C. pseudopuncticolle</i> Solís & Kohlmann, 2004 <i>C. tenebrosum</i> Howden & Young, 1981 <i>C. tuberifrons</i> Howden & Young, 1981</p> <p> <i>C. variolosum</i> Howden & Young, 1981 <i>C. vespertinum</i> Howden & Young, 1981</p> <p> <i>COPRIS</i> Geoffroy, 1762</p> <p> <i>Litocopris</i> Waterhouse, 1891 <i>Pseudopedaria</i> Felsche, 1904 <i>Paracopris</i> Balthasar, 1939</p> <p> <i>C. costaricensis costaricensis</i> Gahan, 1894 <i>C. furcillatus</i> Felsche, 1910</p> <p> <i>C. incertus</i> Say, 1835</p> <p> <i>C. procidua</i> Say, 1835</p> <p> <i>C. laeviceps</i> Harold, 1869</p> <p> <i>C. lugubris</i> Boheman, 1858</p> <p> <i>C. subpunctatus</i> Gillet, 1910</p> <p> <i>C. tridentatus</i> Solís & Kohlmann, 2003</p> <p> <i>DICHOTOMIUS</i> Hope, 1838</p> <p> <i>Pinotus</i> Erichson, 1847</p> <p> <i>Brachycopris</i> Haldeman, 1848</p> <p> <i>Cephagonus</i> Luederwaldt, 1929</p> <p> <i>D. agenor</i> (Harold, 1869)</p> <p> <i>D. amicitiae</i> Kohlmann & Solís, 1997 <i>D. annae</i> Kohlmann & Solís, 1997 <i>D. centralis</i> (Harold, 1869)</p> <p> <i>D. costaricensis</i> (Luederwaldt, 1935) <i>D. danieli</i> Kohlmann & Solís, 1997 <i>D. favi</i> Kohlmann & Solís, 1997 <i>D. femoratus</i> Howden & Young, 1981 <i>D. rodrigoi</i> Kohlmann & Solís, 1997 <i>D. satanas</i> (Harold, 1867)</p> <p> <i>D. yucatanus</i> (Bates, 1887)</p> <p> <i>ONTHERUS</i> Erichson, 1847</p> <p> <i>O. azteca</i> Harold, 1869</p> <p> <i>O. villosus</i> Luederwaldt, 1930 <i>O. strius</i> Howden & Young, 1981</p> <p> <i>O. brevipennis</i> Harold, 1867</p> <p> <i>O. pseudodidymus</i> Génier, 1996</p> <p> <i>O. sextuberculatus</i> Génier, 1996</p>Published as part of <i>Solís, Ángel & Kohlmann, Bert, 2012, Checklist and distribution atlas of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Costa Rica, pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 3482</i> on pages 5-6, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/282373">10.5281/zenodo.282373</a>
Copris warneri McCleve and Kohlmann, sp. nov.
No full textCopris warneri McCleve and Kohlmann, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–5) Diagnosis. This species is characterized as follows: male clypeal teeth small, remote; clypeal emargination shallow, smoothly and broadly arcuate, without median notch; median pronotal prominences closely approximate (in dorsal view), exterior margins divergent, emargination between prominences deep so as to embrace head horn, each prominence narrow, each at tip subequal to width of head horn apex; median dorsal sulcus shallow, with small umbilical punctures not extending onto bifurcate process; lateral pronotal prominences reduced, not usually projecting anteriorly past anterior pronotal angles in dorsal view, in profile with upper margin directed on a line toward base of head horn; 8 th elytral stria complete; 9 th elytral stria complete except for basal part opposite mesoepisternum; anterior tibial spur slender, turned sharply inward and downward, apex acute. Description. Holotype. Male (Figs. 1, 3, 4): Total length: 19.3 mm. Elytral width: 10.3 mm. Clypeus with two small remote teeth; emargination shallow, smoothly and broadly arcuate, with no median notch (Fig. 3). Posterior angles of genae acute. Upper surface of head weakly umbilicopunctate, more prominent on genae, less so anteriorly, sparser and less distinct medially basal to emargination. Minute punctures evident at 25 X magnification around base of horn, eyes, base of head. Occipital margin in three overlapping segments. Head horn long, apex extending above apices of medial pronotal prominences in lateral profile, smoothly curved backward. Demarcation between gula and submentum broadly Vshaped. Antennae dark brown. Pronotal anterolateral angles obtuse, lateral margin angled out near origin of lateral carina. Lateral carina more or less prominent. Anterior margin behind genae almost straight, not concave. Dorsal median longitudinal sulcus shallow, incomplete; punctures small to moderate, vaguely umbilicate. Entire surface of pronotum punctate except for elevated portions of median prominences. Dorsal surface of basal half of median prominences (except for dorsal sulcus) with evenly distributed, minute punctures; minute punctures continuing onto base of lateral prominences, becoming gradually coarser and more umbilicate toward pronotal basal margin. Posterior angles with broad area of coarse umbilical punctures, punctures smaller below lateral carina, large to moderate in lateral fossa. Entire anterior face of median prominences with widely spaced small circular, umbilicate punctures; punctures near base of median prominences narrow, elongate. Concavity between median and lateral prominences with small, widely and regularly spaced, round, umbilicate punctures. Median prominences approximate, slender; outside margins divergent; apex of each slightly wider than base, slightly wider than apex of head horn; emargination between apices deeply Ushaped, about as deep as 4 diameters of head horn apex (Fig. 4). In lateral profile each prominence has a blunt apex and a bulge on the underside, apex wider than stem. Lateral prominences small; in dorsal view angled outward toward, but not reaching, apical pronotal angles (Fig. 1); in lateral profile upper margin of lateral prominences angled slightly downward, upper margin directed toward base of head horn. Anterior face of lateral prominences more or less perpendicular to lateral margin, apex rightangled, furthest point of lateral prominences not extending over anterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 4). Anterior prosternal margin with small, triangular tooth; sternellum with about 4 irregular transverse rows of crisp, welldefined, moderatetolarge, umbilicate punctures; punctures with fine, pale setae shorter than puncture width. Median lobe of metasternum densely umbilicopunctate anteriorly and laterally; median impressed line complete. Elytra with 8 th stria complete; 9 th stria complete except for basal segment opposite mesoepisternum (Fig. 3); 10 th stria complete. Striae closely, moderately punctate; punctures slightly transverse, separated by their approximate width. Interstriae slightly convex, minutely punctate. Pygidium with margin complete; punctures umbilical, small to moderate; punctures bearing short, minute, pale setae. Genital capsule without apical hook. Ventral surface of profemora with large, setose, umbilicate punctures on posterior longitudinal half with dark setae; punctures becoming much smaller toward anterior half, then minute and apparently simple near anterior margin and bearing minute, pale setae. Protibial spurs sharply bent at almost a right angle directed inward and downward apically, apex sharp. Middle coxae with outer face densely punctate with a single row of large, umbilicate punctures or a rugose area near outer margin; then an impunctate area; then 2–3 rows of smaller, umbilicate punctures on inner half. Ventral surface of middle and posterior femora with large, umbilicate punctures distally becoming minute, simple proximally. Allotype. Female (Fig. 2): Length: 16.8 mm. Elytral width: 9.2 mm. Differs from holotype as follows: head horn short, broad, slightly expanded apically, about 1.2 mm tall, 1.4 mm wide at narrowest width near base, 1.6 mm wide at apex; apex excavated, anterior and posterior margins of apex evenly elliptical in dorsal view; lateral corners of horn apex not recurved backwards. Clypeal teeth slightly closer together, more prominent, with a broad angulation between them. Foretibial spurs not as sharply bent as in male, bent portion slightly shorter. Pronotal punctation stronger, more regular with entire pronotal surface punctate. Median pronotal prominences united, anteriorly with weak carina, carina slightly emarginate medially in dorsal view (Fig. 2). Variation. Total length 16.2–19.3 mm. Elytral width 9.0–10.3 mm. The holotype is very fresh and unworn, but some paratypes show signs of wearing. Some paratype males, compared to the holotype, show both smaller size and weaker development of the head and pronotal armament more or less in a continuum to the smallest and least developed male. These lesser males also have a smaller anterior tibial spur. One male (from Río Piedras Verdes) has the pronotum with larger punctures. Little variation was observed in females, including horn development and the nearly complete 9 th elytral stria. One female has a head horn more expanded apically, much more like the horn in female C. arizonensis. Pronotal angles can be obtuse or sometimes are made salient by a feeble inward curve (this was previously a diagnostic character for the C. arizonensis complex but is now known to be variable). Material examined (12 males 7 females). Holotype, male: MEXICO. Sonora: 14.4 miles NW Yécora on Santa Rosa road, 5512 feet elevation, 8 VII 1993, UV, S. McCleve, G.E. & K.E.Ball. Allotype, female: MEXICO. Chihuahua: 4 miles N Las Chinacas, (0.8 miles S La Lovera), 4910 feet elevation, 9–10 VII 1989, UV, S. McCleve. Paratypes (11 males, 6 females): MEXICO. Chihuahua : 6 miles S Yécora (SON), 5740 feet elevation, 2–3 VII 1990, UV, S. McCleve, 1 male; 3 miles S Ignacio Zaragoza, Río Piedras Verdes, 5900 feet elevation, 11–12 VII 1988, UV, P. Jump, 1 male; same as allotype, 1 female; 86 km NE Nácori Chico (Sonora), Rancho Arroyo El Cocono, 1660 m elevation, 7 VIII 1982, ex fungi trap, S. McCleve, G. E. & K. E. Ball, 1 female; between Yepáchic & Temosáchic, large canyon bottom, 31 VIII 1984, UV, D. Mullins, 1 female. Sonora: Highway 16, 19 km W Yécora, Cañón del Aguajito, 5 VIII 2005, 28° 22 ' 22 " N, 109 ° 02' 52 " W, ex human dung trap, B.D. Streit & R.D. Cunningham, 1 male; Hwy 16, 1.8 mi W Yécora, 4 VIII 2005, ex human dung trap, B. Steit & R.D. Cunningham, 1 male; Hwy 161.8 road miles NW Yécora, 28 ° 21 ' 34 " N, 108 ° 57 ' 06" W, 5338 feet elevation, 6 VIII 2003, B. D. Streit & R. A. Cunningham, taken in pitfall trap baited with human dung, 1 male; Highway 16, 1.3 road miles E Yécora, 28 ° 22 ' 27 "N, 108 ° 54 ' 27 " W, 5153 feet elevation, 5 VIII 2003, B. D. Streit & R. A. Cunningham, taken in pitfall trap baited with human dung, 1 female; Highway 16, 5.0 road miles E Yécora, 28 ° 23 ' 23 " N, 108 ° 52 ' 25 " W, 5647 feet elevation, 6 VIII 2003, B. D. Streit & R. A. Cunningham, taken in pitfall trap baited with human dung, 1 female; Highway 16, 5289 feet elevation, 1.65 miles W Yécora, 7–10 August 2004, 28 ° 21 ' 37 " N, 109 ° 56 ' 59 " W, R. Cunningham & B. Streit lgt, taken in human dung trap, 2 males; Highway 16, 5530 feet elevation, 5.0 miles W Yécora, 7–10 August 2004, 22 ° 21 ' 54 " N, 108 ° 59 ' 30 " W, R. Cunningham & B. Streit lg, taken in human dung trap, 1 male; Highway 16, 5386 feet elevation, 1.9 miles W Yécora, 7–10 August 2004, 28 ° 21 ' 29 " N, 108 ° 57 ' 12 "W, R. Cunningham & B. Streit lgt, taken in human dung trap, 2 males; Highway 16, 5331 feet elevation, 1.8 miles W Yécora, 6 August 2003, 28 ° 21 ' 34 "N, 108 ° 57 ' 12 " W, R. Cunningham & B. Streit lg, taken in human dung trap, 1 female; Highway 16, 7029 feet elevation, 9.1 miles E + 1.8 miles SW Yécora, 8 August 2004, 28 ° 22 ' 13 " N, 109 ° 01' 53 " W, R. Cunningham & B. Streit, lgt, Near Radio Tower, BL + MV, 1 male. Remarks. This species belongs to the C. arizonensis complex, as defined by Matthews (1961) and Matthews and Halffter (1968). Males of C. warneri run to couplet 13 in Matthews' 1961 first key, and fit the characters given there for C. arizonensis. In Matthews' second key males and females run to couplet 17 and fit the characters given there for C. arizonensis. Indeed, C. warneri seems to be closely related to C. arizonensis. We have seen Copris specimens from a Neotoma nest from a locality near the city of Durango that are deposited at the Canadian Museum of Nature. These specimens seem to represent a new species that is similar to C. warneri. Unfortunately, only one male specimen is known (a minor male) and more are needed to determine how this population should be classified. Distribution. All specimens of C. warneri are from the northern Sierra Madre Occidental (Fig. 5). The holotype was collected in Sonora, in the eastcentral part of that state near the Chihuahuan border. The Chihuahua specimens are concentrated near the Sonora border, with the allotype and one other female being taken barely inside Chihuahua in the southwest part of that state. Copris warneri has not been recorded as sympatric with either C. arizonensis (Fig. 5) or C. martinezi (Fig. 5), two species that are chorologically nearest to the new one. The known range of C. warneri occurs to the southwest of the known range of C. arizonensis, which has a wider distribution from southeastern Arizona and adjacent New Mexico on the northwest to Guadalajara, Jalisco on the southwest and from west Texas on the northeast to near Durango, Durango on the southeast. Matthews (1961) and Matthews and Halffter (1968) list no Sonoran specimens for C. arizonensis, nor do we below. There would seem to be a large area of Sonora below the range of warneri that apparently lacks any species of large Copris. Also, C. warneri and C. martinezi have separate known ranges, with C. martinezi occurring east of C. warneri. Copris martinezi occurs at or above 2500 m in elevation, which is higher than either C. arizonensis or C. warneri (Matthews and Halffter 1968). The elevational range for C. warneri is from 1500 m to 2142 m, while C. arizonensis has been recorded from 1300 m to 2234 m. Figure 4. Lateral views of the head and pronotum of Copris warneri (left) and of Copris arizonensis (right). Ecology. Warner (1990) reported that C. arizonensis (the species most similar to C. warneri) inhabits packrat (Neotoma) nests and has not been reported from dung traps. E leven specimens of C. warneri were taken in low numbers (often singly) at pitfall dung traps baited with human dung. An additional seven C. warneri specimens were collected at ultraviolet (UV) or mercury vapor (MV) lights. However, usually only one specimen of C. warneri was collected at each locality using lights, while multiple (up to 11 specimens) C. arizonensis specimens have been collected in at light on several occasions. One female C. warneri was taken in a pitfall trap baited with a fresh piece of a local mushroom set the day before, but there was no evident feeding damage to the mushroom. All nineteen C. warneri specimens were collected in oak or oakpine woodlands. Etymology. This species is a patronym for our esteemed colleague, William B. Warner, of Chandler, AZ in recognition of: 1) his many contributions to the advancement of our science; 2) his relentless pursuit of scarab beetles, including particularly rare and secretive species; and 3) his goodnatured generosity towards his colleagues.Published as part of Mccleve, Scott & Kohlmann, Bert, 2005, New species and new records of Copris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Mexico and the United States, pp. 17-28 in Zootaxa 1096 on pages 18-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17053
Canthidium quercetorum Kohlmann & Arriaga-Jiménez & Rös 2018, new species
No full textCanthidium quercetorum Kohlmann, Arriaga-Jiménez & Rös, new species (Figs. 1–3.) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the following combination of characters: body sub-globose and dorsally dark green in colour; head and pronotum uniformly and strongly punctate; frons swollen; frontoclypeal region with a small, smooth swelling medial to each eye; eye dorsally at posterior end of gena two facets wide, interocular distance separated by approximately 14–16 times maximal eye width; antennal lamellae black and sericeous; pronotal surface smooth with sparse micropunctures, basal pronotal border not margined; elytra with eight clearly punctate striae, surface shagreen; pygidium shagreen and lightly punctate; the inner apical margin of the female protibia is not projected at all. Type locality. Mexico: Oaxaca: Reserva Comunitaria San Pablo Etla. Description of holotype. Length: 5.1 mm, humeral width: 3.5 mm. Body form sub-globose (Figs. 1, 2A–C). Head and pronotum dark green and shiny, elytra brownish black with green reflections (Fig. 2A). Head and pronotum strongly punctate and devoid of setae. Clypeus rugosely punctate, apex strongly bidentate, median emargination broadly V-shaped; eye dorsally narrow 8– 9 facets at widest portion, at posterior end of gena very narrow, two facets wide, eyes separated approximately 14–16 times maximum eye width (Fig. 2A). Head, frons, and vertex strongly punctate; frons swollen; two small, black, smooth swellings between the eyes (Fig. 2A). On either side of the vertex midline a small impunctate, shagreen area is present. Head surface lightly shagreen at base. Antennae blackish sericeous. Pronotum with smooth surface, sparse micropunctures, shiny, and strongly and uniformly punctate (Fig. 2A); lateral fovea inconspicuous and simple; posterior margin lacking elongate punctures or groove. Elytral striae consisting of clear shallow, thin lines, interrupted by fairly evenly spaced oval punctures (spacing approximately at 3–5 the maximum length of one puncture); intervals finely punctate; surface shagreen (Fig. 2A). Proepisternum excavate anteriorly, surface shagreen and finely punctate. Sternellum shagreen and with a line of setiferous punctures along base. Mesosternum shagreen and finely punctate. Metasternum punctate, less so at the midline (Fig. 2B), lateral-lobe punctures forming coarse rugulae. Sternites 3–6 shagreen, sternites 3–5 with a row of small punctures along front border (Fig. 2B). Protibia with three teeth on external border, inner apical margin of protibia produced into a triangular anterior projection and slightly bent downwards; apical spur simple and straight (Fig. 2D). Profemora, mesofemora, and metafemora with ventral surface finely punctate and finely shagreen. Pygidium slightly convex, shagreen, and shiny with very fine and shallow punctures (Fig. 2F). Aedeagus as in Fig. 2G. Allotype. Female. Length: 4.6 mm, humeral width: 3.4 mm. Differing from the male in the following major characters: shorter pygidium, last abdominal segment broader, inner apex of protibia not forming a triangular projection, and tip of apical spur slightly bent inwards (Fig. 2E). Variation. Length: 3.9–5.4 mm, humeral width: 2.4–3.7 mm. Dorsal surface reflexions varies from green to coppery. Antennal lamella varies from black to dark brown. Elytral intervals vary from flat to slightly convex. Material examined (110 specimens). Holotype. Male: “ México. Oaxaca: Reserva Comunitaria San Pablo Etla. 20- IX-2016. Coprotrampa. x- 96.732348’ W, y- 17.170968’ N. Bosque de Encino, 2155 m. Arriaga, J.A., Col.” Allotype. Female. “ México. Oaxaca: Reserva Comunitaria San Pablo Etla. 20-IX-2016. Coprotrampa. x- 96.732348’ W, y- 17.170968’ N. Bosque de Encino, 2155 m. Arriaga, J.A., Col. ” Paratypes: “ México. Oaxaca: Reserva Comunitaria San Pablo Etla. 20-IX-2016. Coprotrampa. x- 96.732348’ W, y- 17.170968’ N. Bosque de Encino, 2155 m. Arriaga, J.A., Col. ” (102 specimens, IEXA (50), MNHN (12), CMNC (20), CEMT (20)); “ México. Oaxaca: Reserva Comunitaria San Pablo Etla. 20-IX-2016. Coprotrampa. x- 96.732386’ W, y- 17.170454’ N. Bosque de Encino, 2151 m. Arriaga, J.A., Col. ” (3 specimens, IEXA); “ México. Oaxaca: Reserva Comunitaria San Pablo Etla. 20-IX-2016. Coprotrampa. x- 96.733014’ W, y- 17.170797’ N. Bosque de Encino, 2133 m. Arriaga, J.A., Col. ” (1 specimen, IEXA); “ México. Oaxaca: Reserva Comunitaria San Pablo Etla. 20-IX-2016. Coprotrampa. 23-IX-16, x- 96.725987’ W, y- 17.174158’ N. Bosque de Encino, 2271 m. Arriaga, J.A., Col. ” (2 specimens, IEXA). Geographical distribution. The species is so far only known from Etla in the Sierra Norte in Oaxaca (Fig. 3A), along the internal dry slope facing the Oaxaca Valley. The dry deciduous oak forest where Canthidium quercetorum was found is characterized by trees between 5–10 m in height, and with around 12 cm diameter at breast height (Figs. 3B–C). Abundant oak species limited to this vegetation type are Quercus laeta Liebm. and Q. laurina Humb. & Bonpl. (Fagaceae), which in this region is distributed principally between 1800–2400 m. Other species dominating this forest in the sampling site are Q. glaucoides Mart. & Gal., Q. liebmannii Oersted., Q. rugosa Née, and Q. castanea Née, which are also found at higher or lower altitudes (John Williams, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Oaxaca, personal communication; Valencia-Ávalos & Nixon 2004). This dry deciduous oak forest shows a strong seasonality, where most trees lose their leaves for around four to five months between December and May (Figs. 3B–C). As can be seen (Fig. 3D), the inferred area of distribution of this new species is adjacent to the Oaxaca Metropolitan Area. Thankfully, the area is under protection as the San Pablo Community Reserve. This species has been collected in the forest in association with Canthon humectus (Say), Copris klugi Harold, Deltochilum mexicanum Burmeister, Dichotomius colonicus (Say), Onthophagus anthracinus Harold (or near), O. aureofuscus Bates, O. chevrolati retusus Harold, O. mexicanus Bates, O. zapotecus Zunino & Halffter, and Phanaeus damocles Harold. Chorological affinities. The known collection locality of C. quercetorum is widely separated from that of a similar species, C. delgadoi Kohlmann & Solís, which is distributed in cloud forests on the Pacific slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur from Western Guerrero to Jalisco, Mexico, from 1350–2200 m. Taxonomic relationships. Canthidium quercetorum is postulated to be the sister species of C. delgadoi. They are both sub-globose in body shape; they also have a swollen frons, narrow eyes, punctate pronotum, shagreen elytra, and shagreen and lightly punctate pygidium. The two species are very similiar, but C. quercetorum can be easily separated from C. delgadoi using these characteristics: antennal lamellae black (versus pale yellow); pronotum is lightly shagreen; punctures of the elytral striae well defined; aedeagus with a fine, transparent keel running smoothly without forming a step along the dorsal, central midline of the parameres (keel absent in C. delgadoi); larger than average size (3.9–5.4 mm versus 3.5–4.4 mm); and inhabits a dry oak forest and not a cloud-forest. Etymology. The name quercetorum is a latin word in genitive plural, meaning “of the oak woods”.Published as part of Kohlmann, Bert, Arriaga-Jiménez, Alfonsina & Rös, Matthias, 2018, An unusual new species of Canthidium (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Oaxaca, Mexico, pp. 273-278 in Zootaxa 4378 (2) on pages 273-277, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/116953
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