1,722,023 research outputs found
Introduction
No full textThis book focuses on animals as subjects rather than objects, on animals as parts of human society rather than just symbols of it, and on human interactions and relationships with animals rather than simply human representations of animals. Intimacy is understood as a two-way relationship, implying a degree of affective mutuality, even if this is unequal and asymmetrical. The book describes a range of affective interactions between humans and animals in the context of both functional or working relationships and relationships arising in the domain of leisure. It provides discussions of livestock animals and pet animals, as well as wild animals. The ethnographic study of human interactions with animals in person provides an opportunity to advance our understanding of animals as persons. The book describes many human—animal interactions that have an intimate, mutualistic, and even intersubjective character that makes it reasonable talk in terms of sociality beyond the species barrier.<br/
Feeding Mr Monkey: cross-species food 'exchange' in Japanese monkey parks
No full textSaruyama or ‘monkey mountains’ are popular visitor attractions in Japan. This chapter focuses on visitor feeding of monkeys as the principal form of claimed human—monkey intimacy in the saruyama. It examines the esayari interaction by tracing the different perspectives of the two parties — human and monkey — to it. The chapter considers why esayari is understood as intimacy on the human side. After looking at some of the social anthropological literature on the symbolism of food exchange, the chapter describes actual esayari interactions, using the author's ethnographic observations from a number of the parks. It draws on the work of primatologists to trace the monkey perspective on this interaction in an effort to account for the discrepancy between the ideal of esayari as a kind of cross-species contact and the actuality of monkey aggression and violence. Food exchange tends to have a special character in this context because of the symbolic value of food.<br/
New synthetic methods for the synthesis of Beta - lactam antibiotics
No full textTwo novel approaches to key intermediates for carbapenem synthesis were investigated. The first employed an intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition (INOC) reaction to generate a tricyclic β-lactam bearing useful latent functionality. Attempts to unmask the required functionality failed. An alternative INOC approach was investigated resulting in a new acylative cycloaddition reaction. A series of nitroalkenes were prepared bearing an appended dipolarophile and furnished cycloadducts when treated with t-butyliso-cyanide. The validity of the mechanism is briefly discussed. Cycloaddition precursors for carbapenem synthesis were also prepared. The second approach employed the radical cyclisation reaction to generate the bicyclic β-lactam nucleus. Selective syntheses of a carbapenam and a carbacepham are described from the same intermediate by application of the appropriate experimental conditions. The directive effect of an angular methyl substituent resulting in regioselective carbapenam sythesis is also described. The carbapenams were obtained diastereoselectively with a 1-methyl substituent by the 5-exo trig cyclisation mode. A new mechanistic pathway for vinyl bromide/tri-n-butyltin hydride reactions is proposed. In addition a palladium (II) catalysed cyclisation was found to yield a carbacephem. (D72194/87)</p
Representations of hunting in Japan
No full textHunting is readily defined in terms of the primary relationship between the human hunter(s) and the hunted animal. Human hunting centres on an elemental confrontation between hunters and unrestrained wild animals that results in the violent killing of these animals (Cartmill 1993: 29-30). But there is also a secondary set of hunting relations in the form of the social context in which the activity of hunting takes place. This wider set of relations is especially significant in the case of recreational hunting in urban-industrial societies. As an activity that combines violence and sport, recreational hunting is often subject to disapproval and moral critique in the wider human society. As a result of the intensity and ubiquity of such criticism, hunting ceases to be simply a physical activity and tends to develop a capacity for rhetorical self-defence. Recreational hunters do not just hunt, but must also justify or rationalize hunting to the wider society in which they live. Hunters are often obliged to represent their hunting as consistent with the larger public interest. This is the background to the familiar utilitarian justification of hunting as a form of pest control found among hunters and shooters in many societies, including English fox-hunters (Marvin 2000) and snake and pigeon shooters in rural America (Weir 1992; Song 2000)
Wolf reintroduction in Japan?
No full textWolf conservation initiatives have often generated conflicts with local populations. In Minnesota in the 1970s, ‘people choked Eastern timber wolves to death in snares to show their contempt for the animal’s designation as an endangered species’ (Lopez 1995: 139), and cattle ranchers in this same state reportedly ‘shoot, shovel, and shut up’ when they encounter protected wolves (DiSilvestro1991: 105). Proponents of wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone National Park have declared wolf conservation to be a test case of public commitment to conservation as such. Although wolf reintroduction in America appears to enjoy considerable public support, it has also attracted opposition among the local people most directly affected, especially ranchers who see the reintroduced wolves as a threat to their livestock herds as well as an unwarranted national interference in local affairs (Paystrup 1993). Wolf conservation in Sweden has led to conflict with Saami reindeer herders whose herds are threatened by the protected wolves, and to high-profile public protests by the herders in the national capital (Lindquist2000: 170). In Norway wolf reintroduction is condemned as an illegitimate attempt by the central state to dominate sheep farmers: ‘They know that if they can get farmers to accept and adapt to the wolf, they can get the farmers to accept anything!’ (Brox 2000: 391, emphasis original). It is increasingly recognized that the success or failure of such conservation initiatives hinges on local reactions to them.<br/
Knight, John Albert James, WX12167
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/397643Surname: KNIGHT. Given Name(s) or Initials: JOHN ALBERT JAMES. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: WX12167. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 42797.235996
Item: [2016.0049.29936] "Knight, John Albert James, WX12167
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