307 research outputs found
Climate change and equity
No full textThe Gavin Mooney Memorial Essay Competition honours the work and memory of the late Professor Gavin Mooney, a health economist who was a tireless advocate for social justice in local, national and international arenas.
Launched in 2013, the competition seeks to draw public attention to social justice and health equity concerns, and to recognise the public-interest value of writing and writers.
The inaugural competition called for essays on the theme of climate change and equity, in recognition of the work of Professor Mooney’s late partner Dr Delys Weston. Each year the competition will call for entries related to a theme around equity and social justice.
Sydney GP Dr Tim Senior took out the inaugural 2013 prize with his essay “Climate Change and Equity: Whose Language Is It Anyway?”. The judges said the winning entry challenges the language of climate change activism, and also incorporates the voices of those who are most likely to be affected by climate change.
The four runner-up entries are by Steve Campbell and Lucie Rychetnik, Oscar McLaren, Peter Boyer and Dora Marinova, and Fergus Green
Conformational dependence of through-space tellurium-tellurium spin-spin coupling in peri-substituted bis(tellurides)
No full textThe work in this project was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). M.B. wishes to thank EaStCHEM and the University of St Andrews for support.Three related series of peri‐substituted bis(tellurides) bearing naphthalene, acenaphthene and acenaphthylene backbones (Nap/Acenap/Aceyl(TeY)2 (Nap=naphthalene‐1,8‐diyl N ; Acenap=acenaphthene‐5,6‐diyl A ; Aceyl=acenaphthylene‐5,6‐diyl Ay ; Y=Ph 1 ; Fp 2 ; Tol 3 ; An‐p 4 ; An‐o 5 ; Tp 6 ; Mes 7 ; Tip 8 ) have been synthesised and their solid‐state structures determined by X‐ray crystallography. Molecular conformations were classified as a function of the two C9‐C‐Te‐C(Y) dihedral angles (θ); in the solid all members adopt AB or CCt configurations, with larger Te(aryl) moieties exclusively imposing the CCt variant. Exceptionally large J(125Te,125Te) spin–spin coupling constants between 3289–3848 Hz were obtained for compounds substituted by bulky Te(aryl) groups, implying these species are locked in a CCt‐type conformation. In contrast, compounds incorporating smaller Te(aryl) moieties are predicted to be rather dynamic in solution and afford much smaller J values (2050–2676 Hz), characteristic of greater populations of AB conformers with lower couplings. This conformational dependence of through‐space coupling is supported by DFT calculations.Peer reviewe
Silver(I) coordination complexes and extended networks assembled from S, Se, Te substituted acenaphthenes
No full textThe work in this project was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).Six related organo-chalconium silver(I) coordination complexes, including two examples of rare organo-tellurium-silver coordination, have been prepared and structurally characterised by X-ray crystallography. The series of 5-bromo-6-(phenylchalcogeno)acenaphthene ligands L1-L3 [Acenap(Br)(EPh)] (Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl; E = S, Se, Te) were independently treated with silver(I) salts (AgBF4, AgOTf). In order to keep the number of variables to a minimum, all reactions were carried out using a 1 : 1 ratio of Ag/L and run in dichloromethane. The nature of the donor atoms and the coordinating ability of the respective counter-anion affects the structural architecture of the final silver(I) complex, generating a monomeric dinuclear complex {[(AgBF4(L1)(2))(2)] 1}, monomeric, mononuclear, two-coordinate silver(I) complexes {[AgBF4(L)(2)] (2 L = L2; 3 L = L3)}, a monomeric three-coordinate silver(I) complex {[AgOTf(L2)(2)] 5}, a monomeric four-coordinate silver(I) complex {[AgOTf(L1)(3)] 4} and a 1D extended helical chain polymer {[AgOTf(L3)](n) 6}. The organic acenaphthene ligands L1-L3 all adopt the same ligation mode with the central silver atom (classical monodentate coordination), which employs a variety of coordination geometries (linear, trigonal planar, see-saw, tetrahedral).Peer reviewe
Population-based observational study of acute pancreatitis in southern England
No full textINTRODUCTION Acute pancreatitis is a common surgical emergency. Identifying variations in presentation, incidence and management may assist standardisation and optimisation of care. The objective of the study was to document the current incidence management and outcomes of acute pancreatitis against international guidelines, and to assess temporal trends over the past 20 years.METHODS A prospective four-month audit of patients with acute pancreatitis was performed across the Wessex region. The Atlanta 2012 classifications were used to define cases, severity and complications. Outcomes were recorded using validated systems and correlated against guideline standards. Case ascertainment was validated with clinical coding and hospital episode statistics data.RESULTS A total of 283 patient admissions with acute pancreatitis were identified. Aetiology included 153 gallstones (54%),65 idiopathic (23%), 29 alcohol (10%), 9 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (3%), 6 drug related (2%), 5 tumour (2%) and 16 other (6%). Compliance with guidelines had improved compared with our previous regional audit. Results were 6.5% mortality, 74% severity stratification, 23% idiopathic cases, 65% definitive treatment of gallstones within 2 weeks,39% computed tomography within 6–10 days of severe pancreatitis presentation and 82% severe pancreatitis critical care admission. The Atlanta 2012 severity criteria significantly correlated with critical care stay, length of stay, development of complications and mortality (2% vs 6% vs 36%, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS The incidence of acute pancreatitis in southern England has risen substantially. The Atlanta 2012 classification identifies patients with severe pancreatitis who have a high risk of fatal outcome. Acute pancreatitis management is seen to have evolved in keeping with new evidence and updated clinical guidelines
Naphthalene and Related Systems<i>peri</i>-Substituted by Group 15 and 16 Elements
No full textSynthetic and bonding aspects of heavier Group 15 (P, As, Sb, Bi) and 16 (S, Se, Te) peri-substituted naphthalenes, are discussed in this review. An important and unifying feature of the chemistry of these systems is the lively discussion about the nature of the interaction between peri-atoms. Are atoms bonded when they are closer than the sum of their van der Waals radii? Is there any (weak) bonding, or just a strained repulsive interaction? Positioning atoms of Group 15 and 16 at the naphthalene 1,8-positions provides leading systems with which to study these bonding issues.</p
Synthesis of ligands based on naphthalene peri-substituted by Group 15 and 16 elements and their coordination chemistry
No full textThe synthetic aspects of chemistry of ligands based on naphthalene peri-substituted by heavier Group 15 elements (P, As, Sb, Bi) or Group 16 elements (S, Se, Te) are discussed in this review. An overview of coordination chemistry of these ligands is also given. In general, the area is dominated by bis(phosphines) Nap(PR2)(2) and dithiolates Nap(SR)(2) (Nap = naphthalene-1,8-diyl), and most of the ligands act with chelating rigid C-3-backbones. Whilst all known bis(phosphine) complexes with Ni, Pd and Pt contain unmodified Nap(PR2)(2) moieties, the reactions with a variety of metal carbonyls sometimes result in P-C bond cleavage within the ligand. A range of gold complexes with Nap(PR2)(2) ligands have been investigated for material applications. NapP(2) ligands other than phosphines are also described, these include 1,2-diphosphaacenaphthenes, bis(phosphonites) and bis(phosphine oxides). Group 16 peri-dichalcogenolates used as ligands include NapS(2), NapSe(2) and NapSSe systems, but no tellurium congeners. Heterodentate ligands discussed in this review include those with NapPN, NapPO, NapPS, NapPF, NapPC and NapSN motifs. Ligands with heavier Group 15 donor atoms (NapAs(2), NapSb(2)) are also reported. All possible oxides of the dithioles (monooxide to tetraoxide) as ligands are also discussed. Areas of interest for further work are outlined. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p
Investigating silver coordination to mixed chalcogen ligands
No full textThe work in this project was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).Six silver(I) coordination complexes have been prepared and structurally characterised. Mixed chalcogen-donor acenaphthene ligands L1–L3 [Acenap(EPh)(E'Ph)] (Acenap = acenaphthene-5,6-diyl; E/E' = S, Se, Te) were independently treated with silver(I) salts (AgBF4/AgOTf). In order to keep the number of variables to a minimum, all reactions were carried out using a 1:1 ratio of Ag/L and run in dichloromethane. The nature of the donor atoms, the coordinating ability of the respective counter-anion and the type of solvent used in recrystallisation, all affect the structural architecture of the final silver(I) complex, generating monomeric, silver(I) complexes {[AgBF4(L)2] (1 L = L1; 2 L = L2; 3 L = L3), [AgOTf(L)3] (4 L = L1; 5 L = L3), [AgBF4(L)3] (2a L = L1; 3a L = L3)} and a 1D polymeric chain {[AgOTf(L3)]n 6}. The organic acenaphthene ligands L1-L3 adopt a number of ligation modes (bis-monodentate μ2-η2-bridging, quasi-chelating combining monodentate and η6-E(phenyl)-Ag(I) and classical monodentate coordination) with the central silver atom at the centre of a tetrahedral or trigonal planar coordination geometry in each case. The importance of weak interactions in the formation of metal-organic structures is also highlighted by the number of short non-covalent contacts present within each complex.Peer reviewe
Qualitative evaluation of the Mentors in Violence Prevention pilot in Scottish high schools
No full textObjective The Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) program originated in the US and adopts a bystander approach to gender-based violence prevention by harnessing group processes using a peer-learning model. This paper presents the first qualitative evaluation, within a European context, of a pilot application of MVP within a Scottish High School setting. Method The evaluation comprises a series of interviews and focus groups with school staff, and pupils (‘mentors’ and ‘mentees’) at three participating schools. The study’s research purposes are to explore: 1. Experiences of participating in MVP; 2. Participants’ perceived impact of MVP (with regards attitudinal and behavioral change with a particular emphasis upon social norms); and 3. Participants’ opinions on the relevance and sustainability of MVP. Results All three categories of participant reported generally positive experiences of MVP in terms of recruitment, training, and implementation. The peer-learning model was particularly useful in engaging mentees, and facilitating support networks outside the classroom. Moreover, positive attitudinal and behavioral change regarding gender-based violence was reported by all three participant categories, but was particularly prevalent amongst mentors. However, participants highlighted the importance of ensuring MVP is culturally relevant, and the need for integration into school life to ensure its sustainability. Conclusions An initial qualitative analysis of MVP within Scottish High Schools suggests the peer-learning program was experienced positively, with self-reported impact on gender-based violence attitudes and behaviors (including bystander intervention). A number of recommendations have been made to inform future implementation of MVP, and the need for robust, on-going evaluation.Peer reviewe
Probation, rehabilitation and reparation
No full textThis paper is a version of the 2nd Annual Martin Tansey Memorial Lecture, organised by the Association for Crime and Justice Research and delivered on 7th May 2009 at the headquarters of the Probation Service of Ireland in Dublin. The author would like to thank the ACJRD for the invitation to give the lecture and the probation service for their hospitality in hosting it
Association between Old Firm football matches and reported domestic (violence) incidents in Strathclyde, Scotland
No full textMedia reports have suggested that the number of reports of domestic violence may increase when Scotland's two largest, Glasgow-based football (soccer) clubs, Rangers and Celtic (traditionally referred to as the “Old Firm”) play one another. This study considers the number of domestic (violence) incidents reported to Strathclyde Police between 2008 and 2011 for the 24hrs following these matches, and compares it to the number reported during two appropriate comparator periods. There is a statistically significant increase in the number of reports following Old Firm matches compared to the comparator periods. This preliminary analysis confirms previous speculation concerning the association between Old Firm matches and reports of domestic violence, and highlights the need to better understand the factors leading to such violence to inform preventive interventions.Peer reviewe
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