165 research outputs found
Does Indonesia have a"low-pay"civil service?
No full textGovernment officials and polcy analysts maintain that Indonesia's civil servants are poorly paid and have been for decades. This conclusion is supported by anecdotal evidence and casual empiricism. The authors systematically analyze the realtionship between government and private compensation levels using data from two large household surveys carried out by Indonesia's Central Bureau of Statistics: the 1998 Sakernas and 1999 Susenas. The results suggest that government workers with a high school education or less, representing three-quarters of the civil service, earn a pay premium over their private sector counterparts. Civil servants with more than a high school education earn less than they would in the private sector but, on average, the premium is far smaller than commonly is alleged and is in keeping with public/private differentials in other countries. These results prove robust to varying econometric specifications and cast doubt on low pay as an explanation for government corruption.Decentralization,Public Health Promotion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,National Governance,Knowledge Economy,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,NationalGovernance,Knowledge Economy,Education for the Knowledge Economy,Parliamentary Government
High resolution solar irradiance variability climatology dataset part 1: direct, diffuse, and global irradiance
No full textDataset paper
See the official dataset description paper (preprint) over at Earth System Science Data.
Dataset description
High resolution surface solar irradiance observations from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) of Cabauw, the Netherlands. This dataset spans 10 years, from 2011-02 until 2020-12-31.
This dataset is the preprocessed 1 Hz observational record of direct, diffuse, and global horizontal irradiance, which is the basis for the official BSRN 1-minute dataset published at PANGAEA. Please refer to the official dataset for detailed metadata, instrument information, quality control flags, the full radiation balance and more (1 minute resolution). More information about the observational site Cabauw can be found at the Ruisdael Observatory website, and more general information about BSRN is published on ESSD.
Part 1 of 2
This dataset is the basis for an analysis of surface solar irradiance variability, derived variables, supplementary meteorological data, and quicklooks, available in part 2 here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7092058
Usage disclaimer
While resampling this 1-Hz data to 1-minute, with the official BSRN quality flags, should reproduce an identical dataset to the official 1-minute BSRN dataset, this has not yet been validated for this version. When you require the most reliable version of the radiation measurements, where variability at a higher resolution than 1 minute is not of concern, please refer to the official BSRN dataset at PANGAEA
The surface albedo of the Greenland ice sheet: satellite-derived and in situ measurements in the Søndre Strømfjord area during the 1991 melt season
No full textAbstractThe temporal and spatial variation in the surface albedo of the Greenland ice sheet during the ablation season of 1991 is investigated. The study focuses on an area east of Søndre Strømfjord measuring 200 km by 200 km and centred at 67°5′ N, 48° 13′W. The analysis is based on satellite radiance measurements carried out by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The broad-band albedo is estimated from the albedos in channel 1 (visible) and channel 2 (near-infrared). The results are calibrated with the surface albedo of sea and dry snow.Satellite-derived albedos are compared with GIMEX ground measurements at three stations. There is a high degree of consistency in temporal variation at two of the three stations. Large systematic differences are attributed to albedo variations on sub-pixel scale.In the course of the ablation season four zones appear, each parallel to the ice edge. It is proposed that these are, in order of increasing altitude: (I) clean and dry ice, (II) ice with surface water, (III) superimposed ice, and (IV) snow. An extensive description of these zones is given on the basis of the situation on 25 July 1991. Zones I, III and IV reveal fairly constant albedos (0.46, 0.65 and 0.75 on average), whereas zone II is characterised by an albedo minimum (0.34). Survey of the western margin of the Greenland ice sheet (up to 71° N) shows that the zonation occurs between 66° and 70° N.</jats:p
The surface albedo of the Greenland ice sheet: satellite-derived and in situ measurements in the Søndre Strømfjord area during the 1991 melt season
No full textAbstractThe temporal and spatial variation in the surface albedo of the Greenland ice sheet during the ablation season of 1991 is investigated. The study focuses on an area east of Søndre Strømfjord measuring 200 km by 200 km and centred at 67°5′ N, 48° 13′W. The analysis is based on satellite radiance measurements carried out by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The broad-band albedo is estimated from the albedos in channel 1 (visible) and channel 2 (near-infrared). The results are calibrated with the surface albedo of sea and dry snow.Satellite-derived albedos are compared with GIMEX ground measurements at three stations. There is a high degree of consistency in temporal variation at two of the three stations. Large systematic differences are attributed to albedo variations on sub-pixel scale.In the course of the ablation season four zones appear, each parallel to the ice edge. It is proposed that these are, in order of increasing altitude: (I) clean and dry ice, (II) ice with surface water, (III) superimposed ice, and (IV) snow. An extensive description of these zones is given on the basis of the situation on 25 July 1991. Zones I, III and IV reveal fairly constant albedos (0.46, 0.65 and 0.75 on average), whereas zone II is characterised by an albedo minimum (0.34). Survey of the western margin of the Greenland ice sheet (up to 71° N) shows that the zonation occurs between 66° and 70° N.</jats:p
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textCorrects: Emerg Infect Dis. 2014 Jan; 20(1): 154\u2013155.Correction: Vol. 20, No. 1In the article Foodborne Trematodiasis and Opisthorchis felineus Acquired in Italy (H. F. Wunderink et al.), author Wouter Rozemeijer\u2019s name was spelled incorrectly. The article has been cor- rected online (http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/ eid/article/20/1/13-0476_article)
High resolution solar irradiance variability climatology dataset part 2: classifications, supplementary data, and statistics
No full textDataset description
High resolution surface solar irradiance series classification, cloud shadow and enhancement statistics, and satellite observations for studying intra-day surface solar irradiance variability.
Part 2 of 2
This dataset is the derived from the 1 Hz observational record of direct, diffuse, and global horizontal irradiance measured by the Baseline Surface Radiation Network station at Cabauw, the Netherlands. More information about the observational site Cabauw can be found at the Ruisdael Observatory website.
Methodology
Processing of data and its usage described in a manuscript ready for submission. Pre-print will be added as soon as it is available. Processing scripts will be published with GitHub-Zenodo, and added here as well.
Dataset contents
This dataset contains daily time series with the following data, from 2011-02 until 2020-12-31:
Cloud shadow and cloud enhancement time series classifications (see methodology)
CAMS McClear for clear-sky global horizontal irradiance (version 3.1)
CAMS McClear input (aerosols, ozone, and total column water vapour)
Solar elevation and azimuth angles (calculated using PySolar)
Quality flags (non-official and optimized for 1-Hz, refer to BSRN at PANGAEA for official 1-minute quality flags)
Cabauw observatory tower wind speed and direction
Additional satellite data time series from 2014-01 until 2016-12:
MSGCPP satellite data for an area over central Netherlands (CLAAS2 source)
Post processed timeseries of cloud types over Cabauw derived from this MSGCPP satellite data
Statistics files:
cloud shadow and cloud enhancement event detection and event statistics based on the time series
daily radiation statistics
And finally, for all days there are quicklooks available that visualize the irradiance time series, classification, and if available satellite data.Part of the Shedding Light On Cloud Shadows (SLOCS) project, funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO), grant number VI.Vidi.192.06
Arbitrary Waveform Generator for a High Frequency Arbitrary Waveform Neural Stimulator
No full textThe goal of this Bachelor graduation project is to make an electrical stimulator that can be used to help people empty their urinary bladder. Patients that are unable to relax the urethral sphincter are most commonly treated by mechanically emptying the bladder or by sacral root stimulation where the roots are selectively cut. The stimulator to be made must send a high-frequency signal that cancels the blocking of the urethral sphincter. This method should be able to empty the bladder without the use of mechanical devices or selectively cutting nerves. The whole project is divided into three parts: Control and Interface, Arbitrary Waveform Generator and Safety Module. These parts have been performed by three different subgroups. In this report, the Arbitrary Waveform Generator is discussed. The other parts are explained in the respective reports [1, 2]. The requirements for this waveform are to generate a biphasic pulse with frequencies ranging from 1 to 15 kHz. The amplitude range of this pulse should be adjustable between 0 and 10 mA and the pulse width and interphase delay should be fully adjustable. In order to generate this signal, a power management system was necessary. In addition to the power management system, the LPC1343 microcontroller was chosen to control the system. One of its functions is to control a DAC by communication using the SPI protocol. The DAC can linearly control the output voltages between 0 and the offered reference voltage, in this case 3.3 V by sending 10 bits of data. Using a voltage to current converter, made by the Interface and Control subgroup, the output voltage is converted to a current between 0 and 10 mA [1]. Three additional signals from the microcontroller operate an H-bridge. This is a switching circuit that is able to direct the generated current through a load. Using a timer and four interrupt moments, the three signals are generated that can make a cathodic pulse, anodic pulse and can disconnect the current source. The chosen DAC has a close to ideal behavior. Therefore, the conversion from the microcontroller to the voltage to current converter is very precise. The H-bridge works best at low frequencies. At 1 kHz, around 2% of a total pulse of 127.2 μs is needed to reach 63% of the cathodic or anodic amplitude. At high frequencies, the time increases. At 15 kHz, 24% of a total pulse of 8.4 μs is needed to reach the amplitude.REValU
Climate sensitivity of the ice cap of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
No full textA two-dimensional vertically integrated ice-flow model has been used to simulate the current state of the ice cap of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, as well as the sensitivity of this state to climate change. The model was forced by an energy-balance model that generates the specific mass balance from climatological input data of two research stations. It proved difficult to simulate-satisfactorily the entire geometry of the present-day ice cap. Nevertheless, it was possible to simulate a steady-state ice cap whose volume and areal extent approximate the (estimated) current situation. Several experiments have indicated that this state is highly sensitive to climate change. The model predicts that cooling by 1 K will increase the ice volume by 10% and warming by 1 K will decrease it by 36%. A 10% change in precipitation will alter the ice volume by less than 8%. Application of the IPCC-90 Business-as-Usual scenario leads to a 55% reduction in the ice volume by the yearAD2100, compared to the present-day situation. The response of the ice cap to warming is therefore totally different from the response of the main Antarctic ice sheet which is believed to gain mass by increasing temperatures.</jats:p
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