29 research outputs found
Author Correction: Risk variants and polygenic architecture of disruptive behavior disorders in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
No full textA Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21566-
Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Is a Predictor of Incident Non-AIDS Comorbidity and All-Cause Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
No full textPersistent inflammation and immune activation have been associated with non-AIDS comorbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We aimed to investigate the potential association between soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and incident non-AIDS comorbidity and all-cause mortality in a well-treated HIV-infected population. suPAR was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and events of comorbidity and mortality were ascertained by registry linkage. The study showed an independent association between a high suPAR level at baseline and increased hazard rates for both non-AIDS comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease, liver disease, and cancer) and all-cause mortality
Soluble CD163 predicts incident chronic lung, kidney and liver disease in HIV infection
No full textOBJECTIVE: To examine if monocyte and macrophage activity may be on the mechanistic pathway to non-AIDS comorbidity by investigating the associations between plasma-soluble CD163 (sCD163) and incident non-AIDS comorbidities in well treated HIV-infected individuals.DESIGN: Prospective single-center cohort study.METHODS: Plasma sCD163 was quantified by ELISA technique at study entry in 2004/2005, and non-AIDS comorbidity was identified by International Classification of Disease Tenth revision diagnosis codes and registry linkage in 2014/2015. Associations between sCD163 and incident comorbidity was examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for pertinent covariates.RESULTS: In HIV-1-infected individuals (n = 799), the highest quartile of plasma sCD163 was associated with incident chronic lung disease [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34; 7.46] and incident chronic kidney disease (aHR, 10.94; 95% CI: 2.32; 51.35), when compared with lowest quartiles. Further, (every 1 mg) increase in plasma sCD163 was positively correlated with incident liver disease (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.19). The sCD163 level was not associated with incident cancer, cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION: sCD163 was independently associated with incident chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease and liver disease in treated HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting that monocyte/macrophage activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-AIDS comorbidity and a potential target for therapeutic intervention.</p
Six-year-olds' learning of novel words through addressed and overheard speech
No full textRecent research indicates that infants can learn novel words equally well through addressed speech as through overhearing two adult experimenters. The current study examined to which extent six-year-old children learn from overhearing opportunities in regular kindergarten classroom practices. Fifty-three children (M age = 5;6) were exposed to a story with twelve novel words in three different conditions. In the Addressed condition, children were directly addressed to listen to the story. In the Overhearing Classroom, the children were assigned to a task within earshot of the children of the Addressed condition. In the Overhearing Two Adults condition, the experimenter told the story to another adult. The results showed that the Addressees learned equally well as the Overhearers of Two Adults. However, in the Overhearing Classroom condition children learned significantly fewer words compared to the two other conditions. Different hypotheses are offered to explain the relative success of overhearing two adults compared to overhearing classroom interactions.sponsorship: The authors would like to thank all the school directors, teachers, parents, and children who participated in this study. Special thanks go to An Carbonez and Eline Zenner for their additional feedback on design and statistical analysis, and Ditte Kimps, Eline Zenner, Freek Van de Velde, Goedele Vandommele, Lies Strobbe, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of this paper. This research was supported by a grant from Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) awarded to the first author. (Research Foundation Flanders (FWO))status: Publishe
Increased prevalence of liver fibrosis in people living with HIV without viral hepatitis compared to population controls
No full textBACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis is associated with poor liver related outcomes and mortality. People living with HIV (PWH) may be at increased risk. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with liver fibrosis in PWH compared to population controls.METHODS: Cross-sectional cohort study. We compared 342 PWH with 2,190 population controls aged 50-70 years. Transient elastography was performed and elevated liver stiffness measurement (LSM) defined as 7.6kPa as a proxy for significant liver fibrosis. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed by logistic regression.RESULTS: The prevalence of elevated LSM was higher in PWH than in uninfected controls (12% vs 7%), p<0.01). HIV infection was independently associated with elevated LSM. In multivariate analysis, elevated LSM was associated with HIV (aOR:1.84 (1.17;2.88), p<0.01); higher age (per decade, aOR:3.34 (1.81;6.18), p<0.01); ALT (per 10 IU/L, aOR:1.25 (1.05;1.49), p<0.01); BMI (per 1 kg/m 2, aOR:1.17 (1.05;1.29), p<0.01) and previous exposure to didanosine (per year aOR:2.26 (1,01;5.06), p=0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of elevated LSM was higher in PWH compared to population controls. Higher age, BMI, ALT, previous exposure to didanosine and a positive HIV status was independently associated with higher odds of elevated LSM.</p
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Moderate-to-Severe Hepatic Steatosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection:The Copenhagen Co-morbidity Liver Study
No full textBACKGROUND: People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) may be at risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We compared the prevalence of moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis (M-HS) in PWH with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected controls and determined risk factors for M-HS in PWH.METHODS: The Copenhagen Co-Morbidity in HIV Infection study included 453 participants, and the Copenhagen General Population Study included 765 participants. None had prior or current viral hepatitis or excessive alcohol intake. Moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis was assessed by unenhanced computed tomography liver scan defined by liver attenuation ≤48 Hounsfield units. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were computed by adjusted logistic regression.RESULTS: The prevalence of M-HS was lower in PWH compared with uninfected controls (8.6% vs 14.2%, P < .01). In multivariable analyses, HIV (aOR, 0.44; P < .01), female sex (aOR, 0.08; P = .03), physical activity level (aOR, 0.09; very active vs inactive; P < .01), and alcohol (aOR, 0.89 per unit/week; P = .02) were protective factors, whereas body mass index (BMI) (aOR, 1.58 per 1 kg/m2; P < .01), alanine transaminase (ALT) (aOR, 1.76 per 10 U/L; P < .01), and exposure to integrase inhibitors (aOR, 1.28 per year; P = .02) were associated with higher odds of M-HS.CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis is less common in PWH compared with demographically comparable uninfected controls. Besides BMI and ALT, integrase inhibitor exposure was associated with higher prevalence of steatosis in PWH.</p
Kulturel frisættelse - en analyse af Otto er et næsehorn og Gummi-Tarzan
No full textThis project has worked with two books, Otto er et næsehorn (Otto is a Rhinoceros) and Gummi-Tarzan (Rubber-Tarzan) by the Danish author, Ole Lund Kirkegaard. Specifically the focus has been on the presentation of, and attitude towards the child. The report has identified the stylistics and themes, and how these support what has been called the 1960s and -70s “cultural freeing of the child”. The child that this assignment considers exists both in the book and outside the book, this means that the child is to be understood, both as the child character in the book, and the child reader outside the book or the so called implied reader. The project analysis has used a variety of theorists e.g. T. Weinreich, M. Nikolajeva, readings of Iser. The stylistics and themes of the two selected books illustrate an independent and self-sufficient child. The texts and pictures use of ‘empty spaces’, and the various themes covering amongst others magic and realism as well as the relationship between the adult and the child, support the presentation of this child. The findings of the project are that the attitude towards the child is that the child is independent and self-enforcing and fighting against the adult norm. It is this rebellion against the existing, illogical norms that work as culturally freeing the child.This project has worked with two books, Otto er et næsehorn (Otto is a Rhinoceros) and Gummi-Tarzan (Rubber-Tarzan) by the Danish author, Ole Lund Kirkegaard. Specifically the focus has been on the presentation of, and attitude towards the child. The report has identified the stylistics and themes, and how these support what has been called the 1960s and -70s “cultural freeing of the child”. The child that this assignment considers exists both in the book and outside the book, this means that the child is to be understood, both as the child character in the book, and the child reader outside the book or the so called implied reader. The project analysis has used a variety of theorists e.g. T. Weinreich, M. Nikolajeva, readings of Iser. The stylistics and themes of the two selected books illustrate an independent and self-sufficient child. The texts and pictures use of ‘empty spaces’, and the various themes covering amongst others magic and realism as well as the relationship between the adult and the child, support the presentation of this child. The findings of the project are that the attitude towards the child is that the child is independent and self-enforcing and fighting against the adult norm. It is this rebellion against the existing, illogical norms that work as culturally freeing the child
Plasma Albumin and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Results From the CGPS and an Updated Meta-Analysis
No full textOBJECTIVE: We studied the association of plasma albumin with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and explored potential mechanisms behind the association in the CGPS (Copenhagen General Population Study). We also performed a meta-analysis to summarize the association between plasma albumin and CVD in individuals without preexisting CVD. Approach and Results: We included 100 520 individuals without prior CVD with 8247 incident CVD events developed during a median follow-up of 8.5 years. Rates of CVD outcomes were calculated using Cox regression and Fine and Gray competing-risks regression. The association of plasma albumin and CVD was approximately linear and confounder adjustment had little influence on the effect estimates, except for some attenuation after CRP (C-reactive protein) adjustment. In analyses according to subtypes of CVD events, the hazard ratios for each 10 g/L lower plasma albumin were 1.17 (95% CI, 1.08-1.28) for ischemic heart disease, 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09-1.43) for myocardial infarction, 1.37 (95% CI, 1.21-1.54) for any stroke, and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.28-1.68) for ischemic stroke. In the meta-analysis, we combined estimates from prospective and nested case-control studies investigating the association of plasma albumin with CVD. The meta-analysis included 14 studies with 150 652 individuals (12 studies reported events totaling 11 872). The risk ratio for a CVD event per 10 g/L lower plasma albumin was 1.96 (95% CI, 1.43-2.68) in previous studies and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.39-2.47) including our study with 57% weight in the meta-analysis. Exploratory analyses of the mechanism of the association indicated that it was probably not due to fatty acid binding but may be due to the regulation of plasma albumin by inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: There is a robust, independent association of low plasma albumin with CVD, partly explained by plasma albumin as a negative acute-phase reactant. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=95796. Unique identifier: CRD42018095796
Incidental lung cancers and positive CT images in HIV-infected individuals: results from the Copenhagen Co-morbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) Study
No full textLow dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening may not be feasible in people living with HIV as the prevalence of nodules may be particularly high. In the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) Study 901 LDCTs were performed. Two cases of lung cancer were identified, and a positive CT (non-calcified nodule ≥5mm or non-nodular lesions suggestive of malignancy) was found in 3.1% (9.7% of those at high risk for lung cancer, n=113). Invasive diagnostic procedures were rare and half of them led to a diagnosis of malignancy. These results are comparable to LDCT screening results from the general population
Incidental lung cancers and positive CT images in HIV-infected individuals: results from the Copenhagen Co-morbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) Study
No full textLow dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening may not be feasible in people living with HIV as the prevalence of nodules may be particularly high. In the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) Study 901 LDCTs were performed. Two cases of lung cancer were identified, and a positive CT (non-calcified nodule ≥5mm or non-nodular lesions suggestive of malignancy) was found in 3.1% (9.7% of those at high risk for lung cancer, n=113). Invasive diagnostic procedures were rare and half of them led to a diagnosis of malignancy. These results are comparable to LDCT screening results from the general population
