1,721,011 research outputs found
From Republican polity to national community: reconsiderations of enlightenment political thought
No full textToleration, freedom of thought and liberation from social and intellectual convention have long been recognised as the basic tenets of Enlightenment thought and social morality. In the political sphere, the response of radical social criticism to these ideals led to the emergence of revolutionary claims of egalitarian social justice – the Enlightenment as forerunner of the Revolution. But do we need revise our understanding of Enlightenment political thought? In this volume, eleven scholars examine how Enlightenment political and literary concerns work in different cultural and linguistic contexts; appraise Enlightenment reflection on interstate relations, political morality and religious toleration; and look at the challenges posed by eighteenth-century radicalism and republicanism to the organisation of public life. In analysing the theories underpinning Enlightenment political thought, they provide a searching re-examination of the concepts of republican polity and national community and trace the emerging international theory in eighteenth-century Europe and North America. Foreword P. M. Kitromilides, Reappraisals of Enlightenment political thought I. Situating Enlightenment politics Hans Blom, The republic’s nation: the transformation of civic virtue in the Dutch eighteenth century Colin Kidd, Constitutions and character in the eighteenth-century British world Anna Tabaki, Du théâtre philosophique au drame national: étude du lexique politique à travers l’ére des révolutions. Le cas grec II. Enlightenment perspectives on inter-state relations Georg Cavallar, ‘La société générale du genre humain’: Rousseau on cosmopolitanism, international relations, and republican patriotism Lucian M. Ashworth, The limits of the Enlightenment: inter-state relations in eighteenth-century political thought III. Radicalism, republicanism and the exigencies of modernity Gregory Molyvas, Religious toleration and the question of state neutrality in the politics of the British Enlightenment Andreas Kalyvas and Ira Katznelson, Embracing liberalism: Germaine de Staël’s farewell to republicanism Martin Thom, The ancient city and the medieval commune: liberty in the light of the French Revolution Hudson Meadwell, Republicanism and political communities in America and Europe Inde
Enlightenment and religion in the Orthodox world
No full textThe place of religion in the Enlightenment has been keenly debated for many years. Research has tended, however, to examine the interplay of religion and knowledge in Western countries, often ignoring the East. In Enlightenment and religion in the Orthodox world leading historians address this imbalance by exploring the intellectual and cultural challenges and changes that took place in Orthodox communities during the eighteenth century. The two main centres of Orthodoxy, the Greek-speaking world and the Russian Empire, are the focus of early chapters, with specialists analysing the integration of modern cosmology into Greek education, and the Greek alternative ‘enlightenment’, the spiritual Philokalia. Russian experts also explore the battle between the spiritual and the rational in the works of Voulgaris and Levshin. Smaller communities of Eastern Europe were faced with their own particular difficulties, analysed by contributors in the second part of the book. Governed by modernising princes who embraced Enlightenment ideals, Romanian society was fearful of the threat to its traditional beliefs, whilst Bulgarians were grappling in different ways with a new secular ideology. The particular case of the politically-divided Serbian world highlights how Dositej Obradović’s complex humanist views have been used for varying ideological purposes ever since. The final chapter examines the encroachment of the secular on the traditional in art, and the author reveals how Western styles and models of representation were infiltrating Orthodox art and artefacts. Through these innovative case studies this book deepens our understanding of how Christian and secular systems of knowledge interact in the Enlightenment, and provides a rich insight into the challenges faced by leaders and communities in eighteenth-century Orthodox Europe. Paschalis M. Kitromilides, Preface Paschalis M. Kitromilides, 1. The Enlightenment and the Orthodox world: historiographical and theoretical challenges Vassilios N. Makrides, 2. The Enlightenment in the Greek Orthodox East: appropriation, dilemmas, ambiguities Efthymios Nicolaidis, 3. The Greek Enlightenment, the Orthodox Church and modern science Dimitrios Moschos, 4. An alternative ‘enlightenment’: the Philokalia Iannis Carras, 5. Understanding God and tolerating humankind: Orthodoxy and the Enlightenment in Evgenios Voulgaris and Platon Levshin Elena Smilianskaia, 6. The battle against superstition in eighteenth-century Russia: between ‘rational’ and ‘spiritual’ Andrei Pippidi, 7. The Enlightenment and Orthodox culture in the Romanian principalities Nenad Ristović, 8. The Enlightenment of Dositej Obradović in the context of Christian classical humanism Marija Petrović, 9. The Serbian Church hierarchy and popular education in the Hapsburg lands during the eighteenth century Bojan Aleksov, 10. The vicissitudes of Dositej Obradović’s Enlightenment cult among the Serbs Vassilis Maragos, 11. The challenge of secularism in Bulgarian Orthodox society Eugenia Drakopoulou, 12. The interplay of Orthodoxy and Enlightenment in religious art Summaries Bibliography Inde
Adamantios Korais and the European Enlightenment
No full textAn iconic figure in the movement for Greek independence, Adamantios Korais (1748-1833) also played a major role in the development and transmission of Enlightenment ideals. From his early education in Amsterdam and medical studies in Montpellier, he moved to Paris where he developed distinctive ideas of political liberalism and cultural change against the backdrop of the French Revolution. In Adamantios Korais and the European Enlightenment a team of specialists explore the multiple facets of Korais’ life and thought. Following a detailed examination of his formative years and pan-European education, contributors analyse his: • translations and editions of the classics, through which his own early political ideas took shape • views on linguistic reform and its importance for a sense of national identity • liberal critique of the French Revolution and his evolving conception of political liberty In Adamantios Korais and the European Enlightenment contributors present a timely reevaluation of a major figure in the foundation of modern Greece, and provide a fresh perspective on the interaction of cultures in the European Enlightenment. Paschalis M. Kitromilides, Itineraries in the world of the Enlightenment: Adamantios Korais from Smyrna via Montpellier to Paris I. A presence in classical scholarship Vivi Perraky, L’histoire britannique de Coray: une histoire de manuscrits (1789-1803) Ioannis D. Evrigenis, Enlightenment, emancipation, and national identity: Korais and the Ancients Michael Paschalis, The history and ideological background of Korais’ Iliad project II. Reflections on language and literature Peter Mackridge, Korais and the Greek language question Anna Tabaki, Adamance Coray comme critique littéraire et philologue III. The dialogue with contemporary ideas Roxane D. Argyropoulos, Adamance Coray et sa réflexion philosophique: vers une anthropologie médicale et culturelle Paschalis M. Kitromilides, Adamantios Korais and the dilemmas of liberal nationalism Vassilis Mourdoukoutas, Korais and the idea of progress: from theory to action Summaries Bibliography Inde
Dositej Obradović and the Greek enlightenment
No full textIn this communication an attempt is made to broaden the basis of received
knowledge concerning Dositej Obradović’s affinities with the culture of the
Greek Enlightenment by suggesting working hypotheses concerning a much
expanded range of possible contacts and relationships with major
personalities and sources of Greek Enlightenment literature, hitherto
unnoticed by research on his life and thought. The denser texture of
Dositej’s encounters with Greek Enlightenment culture could also be seen to
illustrate the transcultural and transnational basis of the Enlightenment
movement in Southeastern Europe
'Balkan Mentality’: history, legend, imagination
No full textThis article has been published in the journal Nations and Nationalism, [© ASEN/Blackwell Publishing Ltd]. The definitive version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-5078.1996.00163.xJournal URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/%28ISSN%291469-8129In this article I attempt to do two things. First I consider in what sense it could be reasonable to talk of a ‘Balkan mentality’, shared across national divisions by all peoples in Southeastern Europe. I argue among other things that nationalism and its impact on culture and scholarship has been a major stumbling block for the conceptualisation of a shared ‘Balkan mentality’. Secondly, I go on to examine one possible context in which a shared mentality could be said to have existed among the Orthodox Christians in the Balkans. I suggest that such a context could be located in the pre-nationalist Balkan society of the eighteenth century, a period in which the region was politically united by Ottoman rule. To illustrate the content of the mental outlook shared by the Balkan Orthodox in the eighteenth century I examine the autobiographical writings of three major authors, one writing in Greek (Caisarios Depontes), one in Bulgarian (Sofroni Vračanski) and one in Serbian (Matija Nenadović). I identify the shared mental elements reflected in their texts and point out how the transition to a national self-conception taking place at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the Balkans, marked the end of this shared ‘Balkan mentality’. The study is thus an exploration in the ‘prehistory’, as it were, of nationalism in the Balkans, an exploration which also looks at the symbolic origins nationalism in the region as reflected in the texts of two of the three authors
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