184,695 research outputs found
Bioactive fungal metabolites
No full textFungi represent one of the seven kingdoms of living organisms [1] and their secondary metabolites display a
broad range of biological activities. We have recently reviewed those fungal metabolites that display anticancer
activity, both from terrestrial [2, 3] and marine [4] origins. We have also highlighted in these three reviews [2-4],
the currently known biological events that enable various types of cancers, including metastatic ones to display high
levels of chemoresistance. Some fungal metabolites are able to overcome certain of these biological barriers leading
to cancer chemoresistance. For example, fusicoccin A, isolated from Fusicoccum amygdali, down-regulates focal
adhesion kinase (FAK) activity and induces cytostatic activity in glioblastoma (GBM) cells [5]. Ophiobolin A, isolated from Bipolaris species, induces paraptosis in GBM cells through the disruption of internal potassium ion homeostasis [6]. GBM are highly chemoresistant [7] as melanomas against which sphaeropsidin A, isolated from Diplodia cupressi, also displays marked anticancer activity through the disruption of melanoma cell ion homeostasis
[8]. We recently highlighted in a special issue of Current Medicinal Chemistry, the potential of targeting ion channels / transporters to combat various types of cancers associated with dismal prognoses [9].
Fungal metabolite-related anticancer activity is further analyzed by two contributions in the current special issue.
Wolf-Rainer Abraham (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Chemical Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany) has contributed a review entitled “Fumitremorgins and Relatives – from Tremorgenic Compounds to Valuable Anti-Cancer Drugs”. Fumitremorgins are mycotoxins that can also inhibit cancer cell proliferation and impair
their drug resistance.
Cristina Prandi (Department of Chemistry, Universita’ degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy) and her collaborators
have contributed a review entitled “Fungal anticancer metabolites: synthesis towards drug discovery”. Prandi and
her colleagues highlight the role of total synthesis in sustaining the pharmacological development of fungal metabolites and as an alternative to isolation in the field of cancer research.
The current special issue then presents five other contributions that do not relate to anticancer activity of fungal
metabolites, while emphasizing a broad spectrum of other biological activities.
Peter Proksch (Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,
Düsseldorf, Germany) and his colleagues have contributed a review entitled “Natural Products from Deep-SeaDerived Fungi ̶ a New Source of Novel Bioactive Compounds?”. As reported by Proksch and colleagues, up to
now, over 200 new metabolites have been identified from deep-sea fungi, and it has been assumed in the literature
that the unique environment of the deep sea will give rise to equally unprecedented natural products. Proksch and
colleagues critically evaluate whether the data published so far really supports the notion that these fungi are a
promising source of new bioactive chemical entities.
Alessio Cimmino (Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy) and his
colleagues have contributed a review entitled “Bioactive Metabolites from Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungi of
Forest Trees”. As emphasized by Cimmino and his colleagues, fungi play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems
by interacting positively or negatively with plants. Furthermore, temperate forests represent an enormous reservoir
of fungal diversity. The review provided by Cimmino and colleagues focuses on the secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophytic fungi of forest trees with a focus on their biological activities.
Andrea Chini (Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain) and his colleagues have contributed a review entitled “Fungal
production and manipulation of plant hormones”. Chini and colleagues state that among the plant molecules that
regulate plant-fungus interactions, phytohormones play a critical role because they modulate various aspects of
plant development, defenses and stress responses. Chini and colleagues emphasize the fact that, intriguingly, fungi
can also produce phytohormones, although the actual role of fungal-produced phytohormones in plant-fungus interactions is poorly understood. Chini and colleagues thus provide an overview of the recent discoveries in fungal production of phytohormone, their putative role as endogenous fungal signals and how fungi manipulate plant hormone balance to their benefit.
Maurizio Vurro (Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy) and his colleagues have contributed a review entitled “Fungal Phytotoxins in Sustainable Weed Management”. Vurro and colleagues reevaluate the fact that fungal phytotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by plant pathogenic
fungi during host–pathogen interactions. The review provided by Vurro and colleagues aims to summarize studies
on the possibility of using such metabolites as tools in biological and integrated weed management, for example, as
novel and environmentally friendly herbicides; as biomarkers for the selection of more efficacious biocontrol
agents; as templates for novel compounds; and as sources of novel mechanisms of action. Vurro and colleagues also
discuss the limiting factors for utilizing these metabolites in practice.
Stefano Superchi (Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy) and his colleagues have
contributed a review entitled “Absolute Configuration Determination by Quantum Mechanical Calculation of Chiroptical Spectra: Basics and Applications to Fungal Metabolites”. Superchi and colleagues thus review the application of quantum mechanical simulations of chiroptical properties, i.e. electronic circular dichroism, optical rotation,
and vibrational circular dichroism, for the assignment of the absolute configuration of naturally occurring chiral metabolites of fungal origin.
REFERENCES
[1] Ruggiero, M.A.; Gordon, D.P.; Orrell, T.M.; Bailly, N.; Bourgoin, T.; Brusca, R.C.; Cavalier-Smith, T.; Guiry, M.D.; Kirk, P.M. A
higher level classification of all living organisms. PLoS One, 2015, 10, e0119248.
[2] Evidente, A.; Kornienko, A.; Cimmino, A.; Andolfi, A.; Lefranc, F.; Mathieu, V.; Kiss, R. Fungal metabolites with anticancer activity. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2014, 31, 617-627.
[3] Kornienko, A.; Evidente, A.; Vurro, M.; Mathieu, V.; Cimmino, A.; Evidente, M.; van Otterlo, W.A.; Dasari, R.; Lefranc, F.; Kiss, R.
Toward a cancer drug of fungal origin. Med. Res. Rev., 2015, 35, 937-67.
[4] Gomes, N.G.; Lefranc, F.; Kijjoa, A.; Kiss, R. Can some marine-derived fungal metabolites become actual anticancer agents? Mar.
Drugs, 2015, 13, 3950-3991.
[5] Bury, M.; Andolfi, A.; Rogister, B.; Cimmino, A.; Mégalizzi, V.; Mathieu, V.; Feron, O.; Evidente, A.; Kiss, R. Fusiccocin A, a phytotoxic carbotricyclic diterpene glucoside of fungal origin, reduces proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells by targeting multiple tyrosine kinases. Trans. Oncol., 2013, 6, 112-123.
[6] Bury, M.; Girault, A.; Mégalizzi, V.; Spiegl-Kreinecker, S.; Mathieu, V.; Berger, W.; Evidente, A.; Kornienko, A.; Gailly, P.; Vandier, C.; Kiss, R. Ophiobolin A induces paraptosis-like cell death in human glioblastoma cells by decreasing BKCa channel activity.
Cell Death Dis., 2013, 4, e561.
[7] Lefranc, F.; Brotchi, J.; Kiss, R. Possible future issues in the treatment of glioblastomas: special emphasis on cell migration and the
resistance of migrating glioblastoma cells to apoptosis. J. Clin. Oncol., 2005, 23, 2411-2422.
[8] Mathieu, V.; Chantôme, A.; Lefranc, F.; Cimmino, A.; Miklos, W.; Paulitschke, V.; Mohr, T.; Maddau, L.; Kornienko, A.; Berger,
W.; Vandier, C.; Evidente, A.; Delpire, E.; Kiss, R. Sphaeropsidin A shows promising activity against drug-resistant cancer cells by
targeting regulatory volume increase. Cell Mol. Life Sci., 2015, 72, 3731-3746.
[9] Kiss, R. Ion channels and cancers. Curr. Med. Chem., 2012, 19, 625-626
Harmandicrania fujianensis Kiss 2017, comb. n.
No full textHarmandicrania fujianensis (Kiss & Gyulai, 2013) comb. n. (Figs 63, 74) Craniophora fujianensis Kiss & Gyulai, 2013, ZooKeys, 353: 63, figs 1, 7, 8. Type-locality: China, Fujian, Dai Mao Shan, 20 km NW of Longyan, 1300 m. Holotype: male, in coll. PGy. Notes. Тhе fеmаlе is unknоwn аnd thе mаlе аbdоminаl sеgmеnts wеrе nоt studiеd (nоt рrераrеd tоgеthеr with thе gеnitаliа).Published as part of Kiss, Ádám, 2017, Taxonomic review of the Craniophora s. l. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Acronictinae) generic complex with description of 8 new genera and 13 new species, pp. 1-90 in Zootaxa 4355 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4355.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/106671
Craniophora minuscula Kiss & Jinbo 2016
No full textCraniophora minuscula Kiss & Jinbo, 2016 (Figs 9, 10, 21, 29, 37, 45) Craniophora minuscula Kiss & Jinbo, 2016, Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 19: 930, figs 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 27, 33. Typelocality: Japan, Hokkaido, Hobetsu, Fukuyama, Mukawa Town. Holotype: male, in coll. TOEF. Synonymy Craniophora pacifica Sugi, 1982, Moths of Japan 1: 681, 2: 347, pl. 197: figs 18, 19, nec Filipjev, 1927. Craniophora pacifica Eda & Yanagita, 2011, The Standard of Moths in Japan 2: 302, pl. 2-072: figs 22, 23, nec Filipjev, 1927. Notes. Rесеntlу, sоmе C. pacifica -likе sресimеns, соllесtеd in Russiаn Fаr Eаst, hаvе bееn рrоvеd C. minuscula, thus this sресiеs is nоt еndеmiс tо Jараn. Hоwеvеr, furthеr еxаminаtiоn is nееdеd оn thе diffеrеnt рорulаtiоns.Published as part of Kiss, Ádám, 2017, Taxonomic review of the Craniophora s. l. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Acronictinae) generic complex with description of 8 new genera and 13 new species, pp. 1-90 in Zootaxa 4355 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4355.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/106671
Harmandicrania hainanensis Kiss 2017, comb. n., stat. rev.
No full textHarmandicrania hainanensis (Kiss & Gyulai, 2013) comb. n., stat. rev. (Figs 64, 75) Craniophora fujianensis hainanensis Kiss & Gyulai, 2013, ZooKeys, 353: 65, figs 2, 3, 9, 10. Type-locality: China, Prov. Hainan, Wuzhi Shan, 1333 m. Holotype: male, in coll. PGy. Notes. Тhе fеmаlе is unknоwn аnd thе mаlе аbdоminаl sеgmеnts wеrе nоt studiеd (nоt рrераrеd tоgеthеr with thе gеnitаliа).Published as part of Kiss, Ádám, 2017, Taxonomic review of the Craniophora s. l. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Acronictinae) generic complex with description of 8 new genera and 13 new species, pp. 1-90 in Zootaxa 4355 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4355.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/106671
Rhyacophila siposi Kiss 2013, sp. n.
No full textRhyacophila siposi sp. n. (Figs 11–15, 19–20) Male: Body length 13.0 mm, forewing length 14.2 mm, forewing width 5.5 mm, length of the antennae 9.0 mm. Body, antennae, palpi, and wings yellowish brown, abdomen brown, legs yellowish brown, genitalia brown (Figs 19–20). Male genitalia (Figs. 11–15, 19–20): Apicodorsal lobe of segment IX (a.l.IX, Figs 11–12) elongated with downward bent pointed apex in lateral view and obtuse apex with two tiny teeth on either side in dorsal view. Segment X (X, Figs 11–12) subtrapezoidal with convex dorsal margin and slightly concave distal margin in lateral view. Anal sclerite (a.s., Figs 11, 14) subtriangular with slim-handled lobe. Apical band (a.b., Fig. 11) chalice-shaped in lateral view. Proximal part of phallicata (ph., Figs 11, 13) thick, thinner in middle, distal part gently curwed downward. Phallicata shorter than first segment of the inferior appendages in lateral view. Paramere (par., Figs 11, 13) with three bigger teeth and one tiny tooth dorsally, apex pointed. First segment of the inferior appendages (f.s., Fig. 11) long and covered with long bristles. Dorsal lobe of the second joint of inferior appendages (s.j. Figs 11, 15) shorter than ventral one, semicircular excision between the dorsal and ventral lobes deep and broad with thick row of tiny teeth in lateral view. Female: Unknown. Material – Holotype: male, 3 km SW of Mt. Kalinchok peak, Central Nepal, 27°23’N 86°01’E, 2900 m, by light trapping, 30 June, 1997, leg. Márton Hreblay & Krisztina Csák (gen. prep. No. 117, Ottó Kiss, is deposited in the Mátra Museum, Gyöngyös, Hungary). Paratype: 1 male, Mt. Kalinchok, Central Nepal, 5 km W of Bigu, 2300 m, 27°63’N 86°09’E, by light trapping, 03 July, 1997, leg. Márton Hreblay & Krisztina Csák, (coll. Ottó Kiss). 1 male, 6 km SW of Mt. Kalinchok peak, Central Nepal, 3160 m, 27°23’N 86°E, by light trapping, 04 May, 1996, leg. Chenga Sherpa (coll. Ottó Kiss). 1 male, Mt. Kalinchok, Central Nepal, 8 km E of Barabise, 1850 m, by light trapping 05 July, 1997, leg. Márton Hreblay & Krisztina Csák (coll. Ottó Kiss). Diagnosis: This species is similar to Rhyacophila ngorpa Schmid, 1970 (1970, p. 133, pl. LIV, figs 16–18; herein Figs 16–18), of his R. naviculata group that includes 28 species (about 3.7% of Rhyacophilidae) described from Asia by Schmid (20 species, 1970), MalicKy (2 species, 1978), Sun and Yang (3 species, 1975), and Kiss (3 species, 2003, 2011). The characters that place the new species in the R. naviculata group are the second joint of paired inferior appendages, segment X, anal sclerites, apical band, tergal band, phallicata, parameres, and the dorsal appendage. The most useful characters in helping to recognize the new species are the second joint of paired inferior appendages, apicodorsal lobe of segment IX, anal sclerites, apical band, phallicata, and parameres. The characters that indicate the relationship of R. siposi sp. n. to R. ngorpa are: − segment X, − dorsal appendage, − and tergal band. The distinguishing characters of R. siposi sp. n. in comparison to R. ngorpa are: − semicircular excision of the second joint of inferior appendages deeper and broader, upper lobe with obtuse (not acute) distal end; − apicodorsal lobe of segment IX with a tiny tooth on either side (not without tiny teeth); − anal sclerite subtriangular with lobe (not quadrangular without lobe); − apical band chalice-shaped (not horizontally ovate); − distal part of phallicata slightly curved downward (not horizontal); − phallicata shorter than first segment of inferior appendages (not as long as first segment of inferior appendages); − paramere with 4 teeth (not with three ones). Derivatio nominis: This species is named in memory of my grandmother, Ilona Sipos.Published as part of Kiss, O., 2013, Three New Species Of Rhyacophila (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae) From Asia, pp. 13-29 in Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59 (1) on pages 19-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.573209
KISS: Stochastic Packet Inspection Classifier for UDP Traffic
No full textThis paper proposes KISS, a novel Internet classifica- tion engine. Motivated by the expected raise of UDP traffic, which stems from the momentum of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming appli- cations, we propose a novel classification framework that leverages on statistical characterization of payload. Statistical signatures are derived by the means of a Chi-Square-like test, which extracts the protocol "format," but ignores the protocol "semantic" and "synchronization" rules. The signatures feed a decision process based either on the geometric distance among samples, or on Sup- port Vector Machines. KISS is very accurate, and its signatures are intrinsically robust to packet sampling, reordering, and flow asym- metry, so that it can be used on almost any network. KISS is tested in different scenarios, considering traditional client-server proto- cols, VoIP, and both traditional and new P2P Internet applications. Results are astonishing. The average True Positive percentage is 99.6%, with the worst case equal to 98.1,% while results are al- most perfect when dealing with new P2P streaming applications
Sinonycta fangi Kiss 2017, comb. n.
No full textSinonycta fangi (Chen, 1999) comb. n. (Figs 208–213) Craniophora fangi Chen, 1999, Fauna Sinica: Insecta, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Vol. 16: 109, fig. 57. Type-locality: China, Prov. Guangxi, Maoer-shan. Holotype: male, collection unknown. Notes. Тhе hоlоtуре wаs unаvаilаblе fоr thе рrеsеnt studу, thе figurеd mаlе sресimеn fits wеll, hоwеvеr, with thе оriginаl dеsсriрtiоn.Published as part of Kiss, Ádám, 2017, Taxonomic review of the Craniophora s. l. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Acronictinae) generic complex with description of 8 new genera and 13 new species, pp. 1-90 in Zootaxa 4355 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4355.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/106671
Rhyacophila lakatosi Kiss, 2011, new species
No full textRhyacophila lakatosi new species Figs 1 − 4, 7 Male. Body length 9 mm, forewing length 11.0 mm, forewing width 4 mm, length of each antenna 6 mm. Body, antennae, palpi, wings, abdomen brown, legs yellowish brown. Male genitalia (Figs 1–4). Segment IX (a.l.IX, Fig. 1) trapezoidal, divided on midline for half its length (a.l.IX, Fig. 4), each branch ending ventrally in long, slender, sickle-like spines﹔ with slight, obtuse protrusion at mid length of dorsal margin of trapezoid in lateral view and large spike in middle of each apical margin of trapezoid. Segment X (X, Fig. 1) triangular, with concave dorsal and distal margins in lateral view, with apicodorsal angle blunt and apicoventral angle wedge-shaped. Apical band (a.b., Fig. 1) relatively narrow in lateral view. Anal sclerites (a.s., Fig. 1) directed ventrocaudad distally. Endotheca (end., Figs 1–3) funnel-like, phallicata (ph., Figs 1–3) narrow tube, attentuated and asymmetrically sinuous distally﹔ dorsal appendage (d. app., Figs 1–3) of phallic apparatus slender, narrow lobe curved slightly upwards, with tapering apex. First segment of each inferior appendage (f.s., Fig. 1) broad and as long as trapezoidal segment IX, second joint of each inferior appendage (s.j., Fig. 1) long and narrow with blunt apex. Female body length 11 mm, forewing length 13 mm, forewing width 5.5 mm, length of each antenna 8 mm. Body, antennae, palpi, wings, abdomen and legs yellowish brown. Genitalia as in Fig. 7. Holotype: 1 ♂, NEPAL: Mt. Kalinchok, Tinsang Pass, 3300 m elevation, by light trapping, 4 July 1997, leg. Márton Hreblay and Krisztina Csák (gen. prep. No. 111 /A, Ottó Kiss) (coll. Mátra Museum). Paratypes: 1 ♀, NEPAL: Mt. Kalinchok, 3 km SW of Mt. Kalinchok peak, 27 o 23 ’N, 86 o01’E, 2900 m elevation, by light trapping 30 June 1997, leg. Márton Hreblay and Krisztina Csák (gen. prep. No. 111 /B Ottó Kiss, Fig. 7) (coll. Mátra Museum). 1 ♂ Mt. Kalinchok, 3 km SW of Mt. Kalinchok peak, 27 o 23 ’N, 86 o01’E, 2900 m elevation, by light trapping 30 June 1997, leg. Márton Hreblay and Krisztina Csák (coll. Ottó Kiss). 42 ♂♂, Mt. Kalinchok, 5 km W of Bigu, 27 o 63 ’N, 86 o09’E, 2300 m elevation, by light trapping 3 July 1997, leg. Márton Hreblay and Krisztina Csák (coll. Ottó Kiss). 2 ♂♂ Mt. Kalinchok, 2 km N of Terebhir, 27 o 65 ’N 86 o04’E, 2600 m elevation, by light trapping 2 July 1997, leg. Márton Hreblay and Krisztina Csák (coll. Ottó Kiss). 1 ♂ East Nepal, Deorali Danda, 6 km NW of Yamphudin, 2900 m elevation, by light trapping, 13 May 1997, leg. Márton Hreblay and Lajos Szécsényi (coll. Ottó Kiss). Differential diagnosis. This species is similar to Rhyacophila kyadongpa Schmid, (1970, pp 221–222, pl. XLVI, figs 1–3 ﹔ herein Figs 5, 6), of his R. naviculata Group, but differs from it in that: 1. Segment IX is trapezoidal in lateral view (and not slender as in R. kyadongpa)﹔ divided on the midline for half its length in dorsal view (not just 1 / 5 th its length)﹔ each branch ending ventrally in a long, narrow, sickle-like spine (with these spines arising basolaterally in R. kyadongpa)﹔ with a dorsal, obtuse protrusion at mid length in the dorsal margin of the trapezoid (protrusion absent in R. kyadongpa)﹔ and with a large spike in the middle of the truncate apical margin of the trapezoid (the apex is simply acute, not truncate, and without a spike in R. kyadongpa). 2. Segment X is triangular in lateral view, with concave dorsal and distal margins, where the apicodorsal angle is blunt and the apicoventral angle is wedge-shaped (not narrow and elongate). 3. The phallicata is much more sinuous distally (not nearly straight). 4. The dorsal appendage of the phallic apparatus has an upwardly curved and pointed apex in lateral view (not wedge-like apically). Derivatio nominis. This species is dedicated to Prof. Gyula Lakatos, who helped me with my scientific work.Published as part of Kiss, Ottó, 2011, Two new species of Rhyacophila (Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae) from Nepal, pp. 62-68 in Zootaxa 2991 on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20222
Turnerinycta phaeocosma Kiss 2017, comb. n.
No full textTurnerinycta phaeocosma (Turner, 1920) comb. n. (Figs 123–128) Acronycta phaeocosma Turner, 1920, Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 44: 145. Typelocality: Australia, Queensland, Montville, Blackall Range. Syntypes: male and female, in coll. ANIC; lectotype here designated. Synonymy Euplexia c-album Turner, 1943, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 12 (2): 110. Type-locality: Australia, Queensland, Bunya Mts. Material examined. Lectotype. Mаlе (dеsignаtеd hеrе, рrеsеrvеd in соll. АNIС) “Mоntvillе Q. 13-3-20 ” [brоwn рареr]; “ Acronycta Туре phaeocosma Тurn. ” [brоwn рареr with hаndwrittеn lеttеrs]; “ HOLOТYPE Acronycta phaeocosma Тurn. ” [rеddish рареr with рrintеd аnd hаndwrittеn lеttеrs]. Paralectotype. 1 fеmаlе, “Mоntvillе Q. 12-3-20 ” [brоwn рареr] (соll. АNIС).Published as part of Kiss, Ádám, 2017, Taxonomic review of the Craniophora s. l. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Acronictinae) generic complex with description of 8 new genera and 13 new species, pp. 1-90 in Zootaxa 4355 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4355.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/106671
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