158 research outputs found
Age and sex can predict cancer risk in people referred with breast symptoms
Get PDFToral Gathani and colleagues argue that risk stratification by age and sex should be used to help manage demand on breast clinics efficiently to minimise delays in diagnosis</p
Growth inhibition of red abalone (haliotis rufescens) infested with an endolithic sponge (cliona sp.)
No full textUnderstanding the effects of biotic and abiotic pressures on commercially important marine species is crucial to their successful management. The red abalone (Haliotis rufescensis) is a commercially important mollusc, whose shell surface is frequently populated with bright yellow colonies of Cliona sp., an endolithic sponge known to excavate substrates on which it grows. To determine whether a relationship exists between the growth of red abalone and infestation by Cliona sp., divers with the California Department of Fish and Game surveyed abalone in multiple areas within Mendocino and Sonoma counties. Individual abalone (n = 786) were scored for shell length and relative shell coverage by Cliona sp. Animals were tagged, released and resurveyed one year later (12±2 mo). Statistical analyses of this previously unpublished data demonstrated a significant, inverse correlation between the growth of red abalone and extent of shell coverage by Cliona sp. Red abalone acquiring even minimal infestation by Cliona sp. showed significantly inhibited shell growth, with the growth of smaller abalone affected to a greater degree than larger animals. Further surveys by this author in 2010 and 2011 were conducted to determine whether differences exist between the frequency and extent of Cliona sp. infestation of red abalone located in Humboldt County (n =89) versus Mendocino County (n = 106). The frequency of infestation in these counties was not significantly different, but the extent of Cliona sp. infestation was found to be significantly greater in Mendocino County than in Humboldt County. The results strongly suggest that red abalone growth is inhibited by Cliona sp. infestation and that regions of the northern California abalone fishery are differentially impacted by this infestation
Growth inhibition of red abalone (haliotis rufescens) infested with an endolithic sponge (cliona sp.)
No full textThesis (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, Natural Resources: Biology, 2012Understanding the effects of biotic and abiotic pressures on commercially important marine species is crucial to their successful management. The red abalone (Haliotis rufescensis) is a commercially important mollusc, whose shell surface is frequently populated with bright yellow colonies of Cliona sp., an endolithic sponge known to excavate substrates on which it grows. To determine whether a relationship exists between the growth of red abalone and infestation by Cliona sp., divers with the California Department of Fish and Game surveyed abalone in multiple areas within Mendocino and Sonoma counties. Individual abalone (n = 786) were scored for shell length and relative shell coverage by Cliona sp. Animals were tagged, released and resurveyed one year later (12??2 mo). Statistical analyses of this previously unpublished data demonstrated a significant, inverse correlation between the growth of red abalone and extent of shell coverage by Cliona sp. Red abalone acquiring even minimal infestation by Cliona sp. showed significantly inhibited shell growth, with the growth of smaller abalone affected to a greater degree than larger animals. Further surveys by this author in 2010 and 2011 were conducted to determine whether differences exist between the frequency and extent of Cliona sp. infestation of red abalone located in Humboldt County (n =89) versus Mendocino County (n = 106). The frequency of infestation in these counties was not significantly different, but the extent of Cliona sp. infestation was found to be significantly greater in Mendocino County than in Humboldt County. The results strongly suggest that red abalone growth is inhibited by Cliona sp. infestation and that regions of the northern California abalone fishery are differentially impacted by this infestation
Growth inhibition of red abalone (haliotis rufescens) infested with an endolithic sponge (cliona sp.)
Get PDFUnderstanding the effects of biotic and abiotic pressures on commercially important marine species is crucial to their successful management. The red abalone (Haliotis rufescensis) is a commercially important mollusc, whose shell surface is frequently populated with bright yellow colonies of Cliona sp., an endolithic sponge known to excavate substrates on which it grows. To determine whether a relationship exists between the growth of red abalone and infestation by Cliona sp., divers with the California Department of Fish and Game surveyed abalone in multiple areas within Mendocino and Sonoma counties. Individual abalone (n = 786) were scored for shell length and relative shell coverage by Cliona sp. Animals were tagged, released and resurveyed one year later (12±2 mo). Statistical analyses of this previously unpublished data demonstrated a significant, inverse correlation between the growth of red abalone and extent of shell coverage by Cliona sp. Red abalone acquiring even minimal infestation by Cliona sp. showed significantly inhibited shell growth, with the growth of smaller abalone affected to a greater degree than larger animals. Further surveys by this author in 2010 and 2011 were conducted to determine whether differences exist between the frequency and extent of Cliona sp. infestation of red abalone located in Humboldt County (n =89) versus Mendocino County (n = 106). The frequency of infestation in these counties was not significantly different, but the extent of Cliona sp. infestation was found to be significantly greater in Mendocino County than in Humboldt County. The results strongly suggest that red abalone growth is inhibited by Cliona sp. infestation and that regions of the northern California abalone fishery are differentially impacted by this infestation.Thesis (M.S.)--Humboldt State University, Natural Resources: Biology, 201
Cliona mucronata Sollas 1878
No full textCliona cf. mucronata Sollas, 1878 (Figures 2 e, 13) Synonymy and references. Cliona mucronata Sollas, 1878: Thomas (1972): 347, pl. 1: 8, 8A–D. Material. USNM 1228928, Carrie Bow Cay forereef slope, coral rock underside, 30 m; K. Ruetzler col. 26 Apr 1974. USNM 1228929, 1228930, Carrie Bow Cay forereef, spur and groove zone, Agaricia coral base, 8-10 m; K. Ruetzler col. 11 May 1975. External morphology. Small, circular and well-separated papillae (1–3 mm), fairly large, densely spaced chambers (up to 5 mm), rounded or angular in outline. The color in life of the papillae and chambers is grayish to dull yellow or orange yellow. Skeleton structure. Slim tylostyles are arranged brush-like in the papillae. In the chambers they are without orientation and are accompanied by a second, stout type of mucronate tylostyles. Spicules. Tylostyles I are slender, acerate, with a small spherical but usually subterminal head, sharply pointed at the opposite end: 170–290 x 3–11 (208 x 8) Μm. Tylostyles II are short, stout, and mucronate, with a pear-shaped to spherical head that is generally slightly subterminal, with a shaft widening until it almost reaches the opposite end (where it is the thickest, thicker than the head), then narrowing abruptly to a sharp point (mucron): 110–190 x 9–18 (132 x 12) Μm (the head diameter averages 12 Μm). Ecology. Cryptic in coral rock on the forereef, 8– 30 m. Distribution. Previously known only from the Indian Ocean, now also in the Caribbean. Comments. The combination of regular and mucronate spicules is quite unique and seems to justify our identification until more detailed studies of Indian Ocean and tropical Atlantic populations are available. The species’ author (Sollas, 1878) described the presence of small spirasters but Thomas (1972) could not find these in his material from India. Presence/absence of spirasters is not unusual in clionaids. Delicate spirasters found by us in our slide preparations are foreign, attributed to a neighboring specimen (excavating stage) of Spheciospongia vesparium.Published as part of Rützler, Klaus, Piantoni, Carla, Van, Rob W. M. & Díaz, Cristina, 2014, Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay, pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 3805 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3805.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24998
Cliona tropicalis Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero & Nava 2011
No full text<i>Cliona tropicalis</i> Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Bautista-Guerrero & Nava, 2011 <p> <b>Material examined.</b> ICMYL.Ctr.133.FS: Bahía Culebra; 3 m, 19.XII.2012. coll. and det. Cristian Pacheco Solano.</p> <p> <b>External morphology and excavation.</b> Material not sufficient to allow reliable description of external characters, erosion patterns or spicule sizes. Even so the species was recognized by the types of spicules.</p> <p> <b>Spicules</b> consisting of megasclere tylostyles and microsclere spirasters, not pictured, see Cruz-Barraza <i>et al.</i> (2011) for further details.</p> <p> <b>Ecology.</b> Found in dead <i>Pocillopora</i> sp. at 3 m depth.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and previous records.</b> The species has previously been observed to occur along the Pacific coast of Mexico (Cruz-Barraza <i>et al.</i> 2011; Vega 2012; Baja California, Oaxaca, Revillagigedo and Marias Islands). Scott <i>et al.</i> (1988) reported the morphologically similar <i>Cliona viridis</i> Schmidt, 1862 from Costa Rica, which however has to be assumed to be an erroneous identification and may possibly have been <i>C. tropicalis</i>. Lacking access to their material, we cannot confirm this assumption, and thus this publication is likely the first record for <i>C. tropicalis</i> occurring in Costa Rica (Fig. 19).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The material available for the present publication relied on only one specimen, which was too small to allow data collection for a full description. The identification was confirmed by the second author who has prior experience with this species and was an author on the original description (Cruz-Barraza <i>et al.</i> 2011).</p>Published as part of <i>Pacheco, Cristian, Carballo, José Luis, Cortés, Jorge, Segovia, Johanna & Trejo, Alejandra, 2018, Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record, pp. 451-491 in Zootaxa 4370 (5)</i> on page 468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1147211">http://zenodo.org/record/1147211</a>
Breast cancer screening: What does the future hold?: Overdiagnosis remains a problem Quantifying its effects and minimising its impact are priorities
No full textReply to: Impact of laminar air flow on operating room contamination and surgical wound infection rates in clean and contaminated surgery.
No full textRecruiting women with ductal carcinoma in situ to a randomised controlled trial:lessons from the LORIS study
No full textBACKGROUND: The LOw RISk DCIS (LORIS) study was set up to compare conventional surgical treatment with active monitoring in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Recruitment to trials with a surveillance arm is known to be challenging, so strategies to maximise patient recruitment, aimed at both patients and recruiting centres, were implemented.METHODS: Women aged ≥ 46 years with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of non-high-grade DCIS were eligible for 1:1 randomisation to either surgery or active monitoring. Prior to randomisation, all eligible women were invited to complete: (1) the Clinical Trials Questionnaire (CTQ) examining reasons for or against participation, and (2) interviews exploring in depth opinions about the study information sheets and film. Women agreeing to randomisation completed validated questionnaires assessing health status, physical and mental health, and anxiety levels. Hospital site staff were invited to communication workshops and refresher site initiation visits to support recruitment. Their perspectives on LORIS recruitment were collected via surveys and interviews.RESULTS: Eighty percent (181/227) of eligible women agreed to be randomised. Over 40% of participants had high anxiety levels at baseline. On the CTQ, the most frequent most important reasons for accepting randomisation were altruism and belief that the trial offered the best treatment, whilst worries about randomisation and the influences of others were the most frequent most important reasons for declining. Most women found the study information provided clear and useful. Communication workshops for site staff improved knowledge and confidence but only about half said they themselves would join LORIS if eligible. The most common recruitment barriers identified by staff were low numbers of eligible patients and patient preference.CONCLUSIONS: Recruitment to LORIS was challenging despite strategies aimed at both patients and site staff. Ensuring that recruiting staff support the study could improve recruitment in similar future trials.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN27544579, prospectively registered on 22 May 2014.</p
Infection Prevention in Breast Implant Surgery – A Review of the Surgical Evidence Guidelines and a Checklist.
No full textAbstractINTRODUCTION:As a result of increasing use of implant-based breast reconstruction, complications such as infection are being encountered more frequently. Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) cause morbidity for the patient, can lead to capsular contracture or implant loss and are costly to healthcare systems. National Guidelines suggesting methods to reduce SSI related complications have been produced, but are limited in the scope of interventions covered and underlying evidence presented.METHODS:We performed a literature review encompassing a wide variety of possible SSI prevention strategies. We aimed to present summaries of the available evidence and give pragmatic recommendations as to their validity to use as guidelines for infection prevention strategies for implant-based breast reconstruction.RESULTS:A lack of high quality data relating to the benefit of SSI prevention strategies in implant-based breast reconstruction exists. Many papers relate to orthopaedic implant surgery, or clean surgery in general. Following review of the evidence, sufficient data exists to support use of perioperative antibiotics at implant-based breast reconstruction, with continuation for an extended period in "high risk" patients. Alcohol containing skin preparations should be used over aqueous solutions. Laminar air flow use is suggested. Theatre traffic should be kept to a minimum, as should duration of operative procedure. The implant pocket should be washed prior to implantation. Double gloving and conductive warming are also endorsed.CONCLUSIONS:We have produced a perioperative "Theatre Implant Checklist" for SSI prevention in implant-based breast surgery, with a set of pragmatic up to date guidelines, which allows the reader to evaluate the evidence upon which our recommendations are based
- …
