180,277 research outputs found
Taraxacum scalariferum Kirschner & Stepanek 2023, sp. nov.
No full text19. Taraxacum scalariferum Kirschner & Štěpánek, sp. nov. Type:—[RUSSIA, Irkutsk Region] Urbs Irkutsk, lacus Bajkal, pagus Listvjanka, in decl. stepposis supra portum in pago Listvjanka, 26 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner & J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 2547 (PRA, no. det. 35852, holotype; isotype: PRA, no. det. 36677). Etymology:—Bearing leaves with a shape of a ladder. Diagnosis:—Species distincta, notis sequentibus dignoscenda, praesertim phyllariis exterioribus numerosis adpressis, plerumque anguste lanceolatis vel lanceolatis, marginibus invisibilibus, ad 0.1 mm latis, dense ciliatis, stigmatibus pallidis, acheniis brevibus necnon pyramide brevi, 0.5–0.7 mm longa. Plants small, usually to 10 cm tall. Petiole narrow, unwinged, suffused brownish purple, usually sparsely arachnoid; plant base with ± dense whitish hairs, tunic ± developed. Leaves mid-green, not spotted nor blotched, often very narrowly bordered dark purplish, middle ones subglabrous, inner ones ± sparsely arachnoid, ± linear-oblong in outline, usually 5–8.5 × 1.2–1.9 cm, ± regularly pinnatisect, with 4–5 (6) pairs of linear, linear-triangular, or narrowly triangular, ± patent short lateral segments, with distal margin straight to concave (in segments with a dilated base), entire or with remote minute teeth, proximal margin straight, usually entire; interlobes distinct, narrow, entire or with 1 (–2) teeth; terminal segment ± tripartite, entire, basal lobules patent; mid-vein usually suffused purplish. Scape usually suffused brownish purple, arachnoid, ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, 2.5–3.5 cm wide. Involucre ± dark olivaceousgreen, usually 8–9 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 14–17, appressed, ± not imbricate, narrowly lanceolate, lanceolate, rarely linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 6–7.5 × 2.1–3.2 mm, surface evenly olivaceousgreen, distally darker and suffused dirty purplish, border almost invisible, membranous, to ca. 0.1 mm wide, margin densely ciliate, apex flat to ± callose. Outer ligules flat, striped faintly greyish outside, inner ligule teeth deep yellow or dirty yellow. Stigmas very light discoloured, slightly greyish yellow to almost yellow, usually almost without pubescence, or with a very short hyaline to light greyish pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, 2.8–3.3 × 0.7–0.8 mm, body subsparsely spinulose and squamulose in upper 1/4–1/3, spinules and squamules ± short, erect-patent, body subgradually narrowing into subcylindrical cone 0.5–0.7 mm long, 0.25–0.30 mm thick at the base, 0.20–0.25 mm distally; beak 6–7 mm long, pappus yellowish white, ca. 6 mm long. – Agamosperm. – Fig. 21. Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum scalariferum is in some respects quite close to T. sect. Borealia Handel-Mazzetti (1907: xi), particularly in the general habit, the shape, number and coloration of outer phyllaries, and in achene colour. Taraxacum scalariferum has flat, not horned outer phyllaries, short achenes with a short beak, pale stigmas, and densely ciliate outer phyllaries. Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum scalariferum is known from a single macrolocality in the vicinity of the village of Listvyanka, near the origin of Angara R., above Lake Baikal. It grows on substeppe slopes. Specimens examined:—[Irkutskaya oblast] City of Irkutsk, Baikal Lake, village of Listvyanka, steppe slopes above the port in the village [ca. 51° 51’ N, 104° 52’ E, ca. 500 m a.s.l.], 26 Oct 1985, J. Kirschner & J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 2547 (PRA, no. det. 36677, with duplicates).Published as part of Kirschner, Jan & Štěpánek, Jan, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Dissecta, a continental steppe group common in Siberia and adjacent regions of Central Asia, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 590 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.590.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/778027
Taraxacum divulgatum Kirschner & Stepanek 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<p> <b>9.</b> <i>Taraxacum divulgatum</i> Kirschner & Štěpánek, <i>sp. nov.</i></p> <p> <b>Type</b>:—[RUSSIA, Novosibirskaya oblast] Sibiria merid., urbs Novosibirsk, graminosis ruderalibusque ad crepidinem amnis Ob, contra plateam “Krasnyj Prospekt” in centro urbis Novosibirsk [Novosibirsk centre, dam of River Ob, ruderalized grassy sites facing the street of Krasny Prospekt], 22 Oct 1985, <i>J. Kirschner</i>, cultivated as JŠ 2686, collected in 1988 (PRA, no. det. 35959, holotype; isotype: PRA, no. det. 36694).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>:—Widespread.</p> <p> <b>Exsiccates</b>:— <i>Taraxaca Exs</i>., no. 1357–1367.</p> <p> <i> <i>Diagnosis</i>:—Species distincta, satis vulgata, insignis foliis lobo terminali plerumque tripartito, segmentis lateralibus patentibus angustis, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus adpressis, aequabiliter saturate olivaceo-viridibus marginibus angustissimis fere invisibilibus, stigmatibus pallide viridescentibus, necnon acheniis brevibus, mediocriter brunneis paulo rubescentibus vel brunneosubcinnamomeis, pyramide brevi anguste cylindrica.</i> </p> <p>Plants small, rarely to medium-sized, usually to 12 cm tall. Petiole brownish green, narrow, unwinged or very narrowly winged, sparsely arachnoid to glabrescent; plant base with whitish hairs, tunic ± developed. Leaves ± mid-green, not spotted, sparsely arachnoid on mid-vein beneath or ± glabrous, narrowly oblong in outline, usually 6–11 × (1.7–) 2–2.5 (–3) cm, deeply pinnatisect, with (4) 5–6 (7) pairs of patent, less often subrecurved narrowly triangular-deltoid or lineardeltoid lateral segments with distal margin concave, less often straight or sigmoid, entire or with 1 (–2) basal incisions or lobules, proximal margin ± straight, entire; terminal segment most often tripartite with linear or narrowly triangular distal part and linear to linear-triangular, patent or forward-pointing entire basal lobules; interlobes narrow, distinct, usually 3–6 × 2 (–2.5) mm, entire or with a few patent teeth, sometimes dark bordered; mid-vein adaxially usually faintly suffused brownish pink, or light green. Scapes brownish green, arachnoid or densely arachnoid, subequalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, 2.5–3.5 cm wide. Involucre olivaceous-green, not pruinose or slightly so, usually 9–10 mm wide and broadly rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually 12–14, appressed, ± not imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, less often to ovate, the outermost ones sometimes linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 mm wide, (5–) 6–7.5 (–8.5) × (1–) 2–2.8 (–3.1) mm, surface homogeneously deep olivaceous-green, sometimes with a thin blackish green middle line, border almost invisible, membranous, 0.1 (–0.2) mm wide, margin ciliate, apical part often suffused reddish, apex flat to minutely dark corniculate; inner phyllaries 12–14 mm long, flat to callose. Outer ligules flat, striped pale pinkish grey to light grey, inner ligule teeth grey-purple. Stigmas very pale greenish yellow. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes slightly reddish medium brown or light medium brown with a cinnamon tinge, 2.9–3.8 × 0.7–0.8 mm, body subdensely but distinctly spinulose in upper 1/4, subgradually narrowing into a thin cylindrical cone 0.7–0.9 × 0.2– 0.25 mm; beak 7–8 mm long, pappus yellowish white, 5–5.5 mm long. – Agamosperm. – Fig. 10.</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic notes</b>:—The appressed, evenly olivaceous-green, borderless outer phyllaries, in combination with the numerous, narrow, patent leaf segments, and the peculiar medium brown achene colour of this species are diagnostic within <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Dissecta</i>. When compared with other members of <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Dissecta</i>, <i>T. divulgatum</i> seems to be very close to <i>T. jacuticum</i>. Although the comparison is rather hindered by the scanty material of <i>T. jacuticum</i>, the following differences characterize <i>T. divulgatum</i>: primarily it is the medium brown colour of achenes, with a cinnamon or slightly reddish tinge (achenes are deep red-brown in <i>T. jacuticum</i>), longer outer phyllaries with a very narrow, almost invisible border, a longer beak and paler stigmas.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and ecology</b>:— <i>Taraxacum divulgatum</i> was sampled at almost all the Siberian localities visited by us in 1985: Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Baikal Lake and Bratsk. In addition, it was also found on the slopes of the Klyuchevskaya Volcano, Kamchatka. It grows on a wide range of dry grassland habitats, even semiruderal, and on gravelly and sandy sites along rivers or lakes, usually between 100 and 500 m a.s.l.</p> <p> <b>Specimens examined</b>:—[RUSSIA, Irkutskaya oblast] S. Siberia, city of Irkutsk, grasslands in the centre, near the church, not far from Angara hotel, 25 Oct 1985, <i>J. Kirschner & J. Štěpánek</i>, cultivated as JŠ 2688 (PRA, no. det. 35961). – <i>Ibidem</i>, cultivated as JŠ 2689 (PRA, no. det. 35963). – S. Siberia, city of Irkutsk, grasslands and ruderal sites along the banks of Angara River in the city centre, 25 Oct 1985, <i>J. Kirschner & J. Štěpánek</i>, cultivated as JŠ 2693 (PRA, no. det. 36700). – City of Irkutsk, Baikal Lake, village of Listvyanka, steppe slopes above the port in the village [ca. 51° 51’ N, 104° 52’ E, ca. 500 m a.s.l.], 26 Oct 1985, <i>J. Kirschner & J. Štěpánek</i>, cultivated as JŠ 2536 (PRA, no. det. 36696). – S. Siberia, town of Bratsk, west shore of the “Bratskoe More” reservoir, about 10 km from the dam, not far from the “Bratsk” hotel, 27–28 Oct 1985, <i>J. Kirschner & J. Štěpánek</i>, cultivated as JŠ 2578 (PRA, no. det. 36698). – S. Siberia, town of Bratsk, west shore of the “Bratskoe More” reservoir, about 10 km from the dam, not far from the “Bratsk” hotel, 27–28 Oct 1985, <i>J. Kirschner & J. Štěpánek</i>, cultivated as JŠ 2576 (PRA, no. det. 36691). – <i>Ibidem</i>, cultivated as JŠ 2577 (PRA, no. det. 36702). – [Novosibirskaya oblast] Novosibirsk, a quarter called Akademgorodok, in lawns in the vicinity of the “Dom Uchonych” hotel, 21 Jun 1988, <i>J. Kirschner</i>, cultivated as JK 84 (PRA, no. det. 36697). – Novosibirsk, grasslands and semiruderal sites along the embankment of the River Ob, near Krasny Prospekt in the city centre, 22 Oct 1985, <i>J. Kirschner & J. Štěpánek</i>, cultivated as JŠ 2562 (PRA, no. det. 36695). – <i>Ibidem</i>, cultivated as JŠ 1578/9 (PRA, no. det. 36699). – The Far East [Kamchatsky krai], Kamchatka, Klyuchevskaya Volcano, near old volcanological station on the N slope of the volcano, 56°09’ N, 160°48’ E, 926 m, 20 Jul 2003, <i>R. K. Brummitt & S. McDonald 20853</i>, cultivated as JŠ 8158 (PRA, no. det. 36965); <i>Ibidem</i>, cultivated as JŠ 8943 (PRA, no. det. 36967).</p>Published as part of <i>Kirschner, Jan & Štěpánek, Jan, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Dissecta, a continental steppe group common in Siberia and adjacent regions of Central Asia, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 590 (1)</i> on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.590.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7780271">http://zenodo.org/record/7780271</a>
Taraxacum babcockii Kirschner & Stepanek 2023, sp. nov.
No full text4. Taraxacum babcockii Kirschner & Štěpánek, sp. nov. Type:—[RUSSIA, Respublika Altay] Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, distr. Ongudaj, pagus Khabarovka, inter viam publicam et fl. Malyj Iľgumeň haud procul a pago, 29–30 jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JK 63 (PRA, no. det. 35846, holotype; isotypi: PRA, no. det. 36392). Etymology:—Named after Ernest Brown Babcock (1877–1954), an outstanding geneticist and botanist, with important works in the Crepidinae. Diagnosis:— Plantae insignes, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus patentibus vel arcuato-patentibus anguste marginatis, acheniis rubrobrunneis subcrassis brevibus, pyramide brevi, subcylindrica vel subconica, necnon antheris polline carentibus bene dignoscendae. Plants dwarf to small, usually 5–8 cm tall. Petiole narrow, unwinged to narrowly winged, sparsely arachnoid, suffused purplish; plant base with dense yellowish hairs, tunic developed. Leaves ± greyish green, usually subglabrous or sparsely arachnoid along mid-vein, ± oblanceolate in outline, usually 5–8 × 1.1–1.7 cm, pinnatipartite to pinnatisect (rarely undivided), with 3–4 pairs of recurved to subhamate, subacute lateral segments, distal margin most often convex, sometimes concave when distal part of the segment ± curved upwards, usually entire, proximal margin straight to subconvex, most often entire; terminal segment triangular to helmet-shaped, sometimes to tripartite, distal margin entire, basal lobules recurved to ± patent, entire; interlobes relatively broad, entire or with 1 (–2) teeth near the distal base of each lateral segment; mid-vein purplish. Scape usually suffused purplish, arachnoid, subequalling leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3 cm wide. Involucre olivaceous-green, usually 0.8–0.9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 10–14, ± patent to arcuate-patent, some often suberect, not imbricate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–6.5 × 2.4–3.2 mm, surface ± evenly deep olivaceous-green, distally dark so, border whitish pale green, 0.2–0.3 mm wide, margin sparsely ciliate, apex usually slightly suffused purplish, flat to callose; inner phyllaries 11–12 mm long, flat to callose. Outer ligules flat, striped grey-purple outside, inner ligule teeth dirty purplish. Stigmas yellow-green, usually with dark pubescence outside (dark discoloured). Pollen absent, rarely very sparsely present, then pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes red-brown, 3.3–3.6 × (0.8–) 0.9–1.0 mm, body subdensely spinulose above, spinules erect-patent to suberect, distinct, the longest ones to 0.3 mm long, body subabruptly narrowing into a subcylindrical to subconical cone 0.6–0.8 mm long, ca. 0.30–0.35 mm thick at base, ca. 0.25 mm distally, cone basal part with 1–2 spinules; beak 7–8 mm long, pappus yellowish white, ca. 5 mm long. – Agamosperm. – Fig. 5. Diagnostic notes:—The most distinctive features of T. babcockii are patent to arcuate-patent, ovate to ovatelanceolate, narrowly bordered outer phyllaries, relatively thick achenes with distinct spinules, and the ± subconical cone. Also the relatively simple leaf shape pattern and the absence of pollen are rare in T. sect. Dissecta. Distribution and habitat — Taraxacum babcockii is known from several gatherings in Ongudai District, Altai Republic, Russia, and from a few gatherings in the eastern Kyrgyzstan. It grows on dry, semisteppe slopes. Specimens examined:—[RUSSIA, Respublika Altay] the Altai Mts., Ongudai District, Khabarovka, between the road and the river Malyy Iľgumeň [ca. 50° 41’ N, 86° 17’ E], 29–30 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JK 63 (PRA, no. det. 36392, with duplicates). – Ibidem, cultivated as JK 62 (PRA, no. det. 36394). – the Altai, Ongudai District, Khabarovka, between the road and the river Malyy Iľgumeň [ca. 50° 41’ N, 86° 17’ E], 29–30 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JŠ 3343 (PRA, no. det. 36396). – KYRGYZSTAN: East Kyrgyzstan, Central Tian Shan, Mt. Pik Nansen area, central part of Inylchek Valley, 2800–2980 m, 42°11’ N, 79°36’30” E, 16 Jul 1989, L. Businská & R. Businský, cultivated as JŠ 4175 (PRA, no. det. 36403); Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 4176 A (PRA, no. det. 36409); Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 4176 B (PRA, no. det. 36407); Ibidem, cultivated as JŠ 4176B (PRA, no. det. 36405).Published as part of Kirschner, Jan & Štěpánek, Jan, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Dissecta, a continental steppe group common in Siberia and adjacent regions of Central Asia, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 590 (1) on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.590.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/778027
Taraxacum rhodopaeum Stepanek & Kirschner 2022, sp. nov.
No full text9. Taraxacum rhodopaeum Štěpánek & Kirschner, sp. nov. Type:— Bulgaria, montes Rodopi, opp. Čepelare, montium pars Černatica, pag. Chvojna, circum montem Goljam Persenk (2091 m), locis humidis ad viam silvaticam turisticam lutee signatam ca. 300-800 m supra locum (situ occident.) Skalni Mostove, ca. 1700–1800 m, 24 Jul 1998, R . Bělohlávková, J. Štěpánek, V. D. Vladimirov et D. Petkova , cultivated as Ro 8, collected in 2002 (PRA, no. det. 35730, holotype; isotypes: PRA). Etymology:—Coming from the Rhodopes (from Latin, Rhodopae montes, rhodopaeus). Exsiccates:— Taraxaca Exs., no. 1293–1296. Diagnosis:—Plantae ex affinitate T. picti sed foliis tenuibus statim marcescentibus, petiolo et vena mediana saturate purpureis, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus longissimis, pagina adaxiali pallida, laete canescente, pagina abaxiali aequaliter griseo-olivacea pruinosa, acheniis subpallide usque saturate brunneis, corpore dense breviter spinuloso, in pyramidem cylidricam, 0.9–1.2 mm longam abrupte transeunte dignoscendae. Plants medium-sized to large, 14–25 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, without hairs among petiole bases. Petiole coloured deep purple, narrowly winged to broadly winged, 2–5 cm long. Leaves erect-patent to suberect, vivid light green, not spotted, thin (easily withering), sparsely arachnoid, narrowly elliptical to oblanceolate, usually 8–20 × 2.5–4.5 cm, pinnatisect, leaf shape similar to that of T. lojoënse Lindberg (1935: 8) and T. amplum Marklund (1940: 57; both T. sect. Taraxacum); terminal segment (often large, to 4 cm long and irregularly dentate in inner leaves) usually triangular to broadly so, sometimes helmet-shaped, most often 1.5–3 × 1.3–3.5 cm, acute, distal margin subconvex to straight, entire or with a single tooth near the base, sometimes with an incision, basal lobules subrecurved, proximal margin ± straight to subconcave, entire, less often with a single narrow tooth; lateral segments in 2–4 pairs, usually recurved, triangular, usually 0.7–2.5 cm long, 1–1.5 cm wide at base, acute, often with distal part narrowed, distal margin subsigmoid to almost straight, entire or sometimes sparsely denticulate, proximal margin ± straight, entire or with a single thin tooth; interlobes variable, usually 0.4–1.5 × 0.3–0.8 cm, unbordered, usually with several unequal thin, filiform teeth; mid-vein purple. Scapes almost glabrous, with sparse archnoid hairs below capitulum, basally and distally suffused bronze or purple, overtopping leaves. Capitulum deep yellow, large, 3.5–4.5 cm wide, ± flat. Involucre slightly pruinose, rounded and 8–10 mm wide at base. Outer phyllaries 12–19, arcuate-patent to arcuaterecurved, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 8–10 × 2.5–4 mm, adaxially conspicuously light greyish, abaxially ± evenly greyish olivaceous, slightly pruinose, with a ± abrupt transition in a whitish to translucent border 0.2–0.4 mm wide, margin minutely ciliate to glabrous, apex flat; inner phyllaries ca. 14 mm long, of ± equal length. Outer ligules flat, striped grey-olivaceous outside, apical teeth dirty yellow to grey-black, inner ligules ± canaliculate, their apical teeth yellow. Stigmas dirty yellow to light greenish, pubescence hairs usually hyaline, some with a dark apex. Pollen abundant, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light to medium deep brown, with a greyish or olivaceous hue, narrow and long, 4.1–4.8 × 0.9–1.0 mm, body ± densely covered with short, subobtuse spinules, abruptly narrowing into a cylindrical to subcylindrical cone 0.9–1.2 × ca. 0.4 mm; beak 8–11 mm long, pappus white or whitish, 6–6.5 mm long. – Agamosperm. – Fig. 74B, 76, 77. Diagnostic notes:—A robust member of the group of T. pictum and T. incantatum, relatively easily distinguished by longer outer phyllaries with a sharply delimited paler border, achenes with a longer cone and a longer beak. At first sight, T. rhodopaeum is distinct in having very pale greyish adaxial surface of outer phyllaries. Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum rhodopaeum is recorded from the Rhodopes, Rila and Vitosha, from the elevations around 1700–1800 m. It grows on wet montane meadows. Its IUCN conservation status is estimated as VU. Specimens examined:— BULGARIA. Rodopi, Čepelare, Chvojna village, around Mt. Goljam Persenk (2091 m), ca. 300–800 m W. of Skalni Mostove, ca. 1700–1800 m, ca. 41° 49’ N, ca. 24° 34’ E, 24 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova cultivated as JŠ 6795 (PRA, no. det. 26159). – Rila, Kirilova Poljana, a path to Ticha Rila, above the Rilska reka bridge, ca. 1731 m, 42° 8’ 41.7” N, 23° 25’ 46.1” E, 3 Jul 2006, J. Kučera (herb. J. Kučera! and PRA, no. det. 30934). – Vitosha, in the vicinity of the Aleko Chalet, ca. 1800 m, 3 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner & B. Kuzmanov, cultivated as JK 364 (PRA, no. det. 36011); Ibidem, JK 358 (PRA, no. det. 36007); Ibidem, JK 359 (PRA, no. det. 36012); Ibidem, JK 364 (PRA, no. det. 36008). – Vitosha, meadows SW. of the Aleko Chalet, ca. 1800 m, 3 Jun 1988, J. Kirschner & B. Kuzmanov, cultivated as JŠ 2934 (PRA, no. det. 36014); Ibidem, JŠ 2945 (PRA, no. det. 36009); Ibidem, JŠ 2938 (PRA, no. det. 36010).Published as part of Štěpánek, Jan & Kirschner, Jan, 2022, A hotspot of endemism: Oreophytic Taraxacum species (Compositae, Crepidinae) in the mountains of Bulgaria, pp. 1-139 in Phytotaxa 569 (1) on pages 124-126, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.569.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/723518
Taraxacum musteum Stepanek & Kirschner 2022, sp. nov.
No full text9. Taraxacum musteum Štěpánek & Kirschner, sp. nov. Type:— Bulgaria, urbs Sofia, montes Vitoša, pagus Dragalevci, graminosis herbosisque secundum viam turisticam in loco Meča poljana situ meridio-orientali a deversorio Aleko, in declivitate boreo-orientali montis Malak Rezen (2191 m), ca. 1850–1950 m, ca. 42° 34’ N, ca. 23° 18’ E, 27 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 6905, collected in 2000 (PRA, no. det. 35757, holotype; isotype: PRA, no. det. 25435, and duplicates). Etymology:—Fresh, young, vivid (from Latin, musteus). Exsiccates:— Taraxaca Exs., no. 1298–1307. Diagnosis:—Species bulgarica divulgata, petiolis pallide viridibus, foliis pallide viridibus vel lutescenti-viridibus, ± glabris, nitentibus, scapis glabris, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus laxe adpressis vel erectis, angustis, 1.5–2 mm latis, angustissime inconspicue marginatis, acheniis pallide stramineo-brunnescentibus vel pallide stramineo-fulvescentibus, corpore superne dense breviter spinuloso-squamuloso, in pyramidem cylindricam vel subcylindricam, 0.8–1.3 mm longam subsensim transeunte, bene dignoscendae. Plants medium-sized, less often small, usually 6–15 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, with very sparse hairs among petiole bases. Petiole light greenish, ± unwinged or narrowly winged in young, inner leaves, broadly winged, 1.5–3 × 1–2 cm, in outer leaves. Leaf rosette ± compact, leaves variously erect-patent, patent or prostrate, light vivid green to yellowish green, almost totally glabrous (occasional hairs along mid-vein), shining, not spotted, three-dimensional with raised to plicate interlobe margins, narrowly elliptical to oblanceolate, usually 4.5–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm, pinnatisect; older, outer leaves yellowish green; terminal segment broadly triangular to flat rhombic, 1–2 × 1.5–3.5 cm, often ± trilobed, distal margin concave, entire or undulate, proximal margin ± straight, entire, basal lobules patent, ± acute; lateral segments in 2–3 (4) pairs, hamate-recurved, usually 0.7–1.5 cm long, 0.7–1.4 cm wide at base, distal margin convex to ± straight and undulate, ± entire, proximal margin distinctly concave, ± entire; interlobes relatively broad, 2– 9 × 3–8 mm, green, not bordered, entire, margin raised, often plicate, rarely with 1–2 teeth; inner leaves differ in darker colour, terminal segment triangular, (2–) 2.5–3.5 × (2–) 3.5–4.5 cm, often with a sagittate base, lateral segments in 3–5 pairs, narrowly triangular, ± conspicuously recurved, distal margin subsigmoid to ± convex, undulate, entire or with a few little teeth, proximal margin ± straight to subconcave; mid-vein pale greenish. Scapes pale greenish, ± glabrous, shorter than leaves. Capitulum deep yellow, ca. 3.5 cm wide, ± flat to subconcave. Involucre light green, pruinose, subobconical to ± rounded and 7–8 mm wide at base. Outer phyllaries 13–19, ± loosely appressed to erect, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, relatively small, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm, reaching 2/5–1/2 of the inner ones, light to medium dark olivaceous-green, with a darker base, middle line and apex, with ± abrupt transition in a whitish-membranous or greyish border 0.05–0.1 mm wide, margin sometimes minutely ciliate in distal 1/4, apex often reddish, subcallose; inner phyllaries 12–13 mm long, light green, of unequal width (not coalescing). Outer ligules relatively long, flat, striped purplish grey-olivaceous outside, apical teeth black-purple, inner ligules canaliculate, their apical teeth dark yellow to dirty yellow. Stigmas discoloured, yellow-green with a medium dark pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light stramineous-brown, often with a light greyish or light beige hue, 4.0–5.3 × 0.9–1.0 mm, body with distinct lateral ridges, ± densely covered with short spinules and squamules, spinules on ridges more robust, body subgradually narrowing into a cylindrical to subcylindrical cone 0.8–1.3 × ca. 0.3–0.35 mm, with a few minute spinules proximally; beak (4.5–) 5.5–6.5 mm, pappus white or whitish, 5.5–6.5 mm long. – Agamosperm. – Fig. 55, 56, 60A. Diagnostic notes:— Taraxacum musteum, a member of the T. alpestre group, is also similar to the group of species around T. chrysocephalum. It is distinct in having yellowish green leaves, ± glabrous scape, pale greenish petiole and mid-vein, light green and pruinose involucre, outer phyllaries loosely appressed to erect, relatively light green and inconspicuously bordered, achenes light stramineous-brown, with distinct lateral ridges, ± dense spinulosity and short but robust spinules on ridges, and a relatively narrow and long cone. It is similar to T. carpaticum that is sexual and has pollen grains of regular size, outer phyllaries unbordered, mid-vein often purplish, and cone shorter and conical. Distribution and habitat:— Taraxacum musteum is one of the most widely distributed mountain species in Bulgaria. It was recorded from the Stara Planina, the Vitosha, Rila, Pirin and Rhodopes. It grows in wet grasslands along brook in the subalpine and alpine belts, at an elevation of 1750–2550 m. Its IUCN conservation status is estimated asLC. Specimens examined:— BULGARIA. Pirin, Bansko, Banderica valley, upper part of the valley of Vichrenska voda brook, below the Vichrenski Preslap ridge, ca. 2450 m, 12 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 4540 (PRA, no. det. 25440). – Bansko, valley of Banderica, valley of Vichrenska voda [brook], above the Vichren Chalet, ca. 2300 m, 12 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 4537 (PRA, no. det. 26189). – Bansko, valley of Banderica, below the pass of Vichrenski preslap between Mt. Chvojnati vrch and Mt. Vichren, ca. 2450–2550 m, 41° 45–46’ N, 23° 24–25’ E, 9 Aug 1997, J. Štěpánek, J. Kirschner & B. Trávníček, cultivated as JŠ 6508 (PRA, no. det. 25438); Ibidem, JŠ 6509 (PRA, no. det. 25432); Ibidem, JŠ 6549 (PRA, no. det. 25429). – Banderica, Mt. Vichren slopes, 9 Aug 1997, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JK 4670 (PRA, no. det. 35813); Ibidem, JK 4669 (PRA, no. det. 35807); Ibidem, JK 4667 (PRA, no. det. 35811); Ibidem, JK 4668 (PRA, no. det. 35809). – Pirin, Demjanica Chalet, stream banks, 2200 m, 8 Aug 1997, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JK 4326 (PRA, no. det. 35824). – Rila, Samokov, Borovec, Musalenski ezera, near the Musala Chalet (2389 m), 9 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek & B. Kuzmanov, cultivated as JŠ 4826 (PRA, no. det. 25437); Ibidem, JŠ 4818 (PRA, no. det. 25436); Ibidem, JŠ 4285 (PRA, no. det. 25431); Ibidem, JŠ 4283 (PRA, no. det. 25430); Ibidem (PRA, no. det. 26188). – Samokov, in the valley of Maljovica River, between the resort of “Kompleks Maljovica” and the alpine chalet of Maljovica, 1750–2000 m, 8 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 4807 (PRA, no. det. 26192). – Samokov, Rila, above the Maljovica Chalet, 2000–2100 m, 8 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 4805 (PRA, no. det. 26191). – Samokov, near the Maljovica Chalet, 1900–2000 m, 8 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 4808 (PRA, no. det. 26190); Ibidem, JŠ 4280 (PRA, no. det. 25439). – Samokov, near the Maljovica Chalet, 9 Aug 1997, J. Kirschner, cultivated as JK 4695 (PRA, no. det. 35817). – Maljovica, straem banks between the Maljovica Chalet and the glacial cirque, 10 Aug 1997, [B. Trávníček], cultivated as JK 4333. (PRA, no. det. 35947). – Vitosha, Dragalevci, NE. slope of Mt. Malak Rezen (2191 m), Meča poljana, 1850–1950 m, ca. 42° 34’ N ”, ca. 23° 18’ E, 27 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 6905 (PRA, no. det. 25435); Ibidem, JŠ 6906 (PRA, no. det. 25433); Ibidem, JŠ 6904 (PRA, no. det. 26184). – Vitoša, village of Dragalevci, around the alpine shelter Alpicum on the summit of Černi vrch, 2280-2290 m, ca. 42° 34’ N, ca. 23° 18’ E, 27 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 6891 (PRA, no. det. 25434). – Dragalevci, NW. slopes below the summit of Mt. Goljam Rezen, ca. 2200–2250 m, ca. 42° 34’ N, ca. 23° 18’ E, 27 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 6983 (PRA, no. det. 26187). – Rhodopes, Čepelare, the Černatica Mts., Chvojna village, around Mt. Goljam Persenk (2091 m), in the pass between Mt. Goljam Persenk and Persenk, ca. 2 km W. of Skalni Mostove, ca. 1900–1950 m, ca. 41° 49’ N, ca. 24° 33’ E, 24 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6918 (PRA, no. det. 26200); Ibidem, JŠ 6959 (PRA, no. det. 26200); Ibidem, JŠ 6913 (PRA, no. det. 26194); Ibidem, JŠ 6970 (PRA, no. det. 26193); Ibidem, JŠ 6916 (PRA, no. det. 26186); Ibidem, JŠ 6917 (PRA, no. det. 26185); Ibidem, JŠ 6914 (PRA, no. det. 26183); Ibidem, JŠ 6968 (PRA, no. det. 26182). – Čepelare, the Černatica Mts., Chvojna village, Mt. Goljam Persenk (2091 m), along the tourist path ca. 2–3 km W. of Skalni Mostove, ca. 1900–1950 m, ca. 41° 49’ N, 24° 32–33’ E, 24 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, J. Štěpánek, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6939 (PRA, no. det. 26196). – Stara Planina, Zlatiško-Tetevenska planina, Teteven, village of Ribarica, Mt. Vežen (2198 m), the Kamenica Ridge, ca. 1950–2050 m, 20 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, J. Štěpánek, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as TaB4 (PRA, no. det. 26199). – Zlatiško-Tetevenska planina, Teteven, village of Ribarica, Mt. Vežen (2198 m), a slopes between the pass of Ribariški Prohod and Gorni Vetroviti Preslap, ca. 1700 m, 20 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, J. Štěpánek, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as TaB 5 (PRA, no. det. 26198). – Zlatiško-Tetevenska planina, Teteven, village of Ribarica, below the summit of Mt. Vežen (2198 m), ca. 2100 m, 20 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, J. Štěpánek, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as TaB 3 (PRA, no. det. 26197). – Less certain identification: Rila, near the Ivan-Vasov Chalet, ca. 2200 m, 26 Jul 1989, B. Kuzmanov 89122, cultivated as JK T232 (PRA, no. det. 35815).Published as part of Štěpánek, Jan & Kirschner, Jan, 2022, A hotspot of endemism: Oreophytic Taraxacum species (Compositae, Crepidinae) in the mountains of Bulgaria, pp. 1-139 in Phytotaxa 569 (1) on pages 98-100, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.569.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/723518
UK DRAFFT : a randomised controlled trial of percutaneous fixation with kirschner wires versus volar locking-plate fixation in the treatment of adult patients with a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius
No full textBackground: Fractures of the distal radius are extremely common injuries in adults. However, the optimal
management remains controversial. In general, fractures of the distal radius are treated non-operatively if the bone
fragments can be held in anatomical alignment by a plaster cast or orthotic. However, if this is not possible, then
operative fixation is required. There are several operative options but the two most common in the UK, are
Kirschner-wire fixation (K-wires) and volar plate fixation using fixed-angle screws (locking-plates). The primary aim of
this trial is to determine if there is a difference in the Patient-Reported Wrist Evaluation one year following K-wire
fixation versus locking-plate fixation for adult patients with a dorsally-displaced fracture of the distal radius.
Methods/design: All adult patients with an acute, dorsally-displaced fracture of the distal radius, requiring
operative fixation are potentially eligible to take part in this study. A total of 390 consenting patients will be
randomly allocated to either K-wire fixation or locking-plate fixation. The surgery will be performed in trauma units
across the UK using the preferred technique of the treating surgeon. Data regarding wrist function, quality of life,
complications and costs will be collected at six weeks and three, six and twelve months following the injury. The
primary outcome measure will be wrist function with a parallel economic analysis.
Discussion: This pragmatic, multi-centre trial is due to deliver results in December 2013
Taraxacum radmilae Stepanek & Kirschner 2022, sp. nov.
No full text4. Taraxacum radmilae Štěpánek & Kirschner, sp. nov. Type:— Bulgaria, montes Rodopi, opp. Čepelare, pars montium Prespa, pag. Manastir, in locis herbosis et pratulis silvaticis ad viam turisticam rubre signatam in declivitate boreo-orientali montis Prespa supra saltum inter montem Prespa et montem Momčil, ca. 1800 m, 25 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, cultivated as TaB 27 (B 27), collected in 2001 (PRA, no. det. 35786, holotype; isotype: PRA, no. det. 25406, and duplicates). Etymology:—Named after an industrious plant collector and experienced botanist, Ms. Radmila Bělohlávková. Exsiccates:— Taraxaca Exs., no. 1286–1288. Diagnosis:—Forma foliorum T. tetrici et T. sereni simile, praecipue differt foliis cano-viridibus brunnescentibus, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus angustioribus, plerumque anguste lanceolatis, 1.5–2.4 mm latis, acheniis parvulis tenuibus, et pyramide cylindrica, 0.6–0.9 mm longa. Plants small, 4–9 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, with sparse brownish hairs among petiole bases. Petiole narrowly winged, sometimes unwinged, light purplish or pale, 1–2 cm long. Leaf rosettes rich, leaves variously erect-patent to patent, greyish green, often suffused brownish-purplish, not spotted, sparsely arachnoid, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly oblong in outline, usually 4–8 × 1.3–2.5 cm; terminal segment ± broadly triangular to flat rhombic, sometimes trilobed, usually 7–14 × 7–20 mm, acute, distal margin concave to ± straight or subsigmoid, entire, basal lobules subrecurved to recurved, acute, proximal margin concave to ± straight, entire; lateral segments in 3–4 pairs, subrecurved, ± triangular, usually 6–12 mm long, 5–8 mm wide at base, distal margin convex to ± straight, entire, rarely with a single thin tooth, proximal margin subconcave to ± straight, entire, or with a single filiform tooth near the base; interlobes usually 2–6 × 2–6 mm, entire or with a single thin tooth, rarely with several little teeth, surface green, unbordered or inconspicuously bordered brown-purple, margin often raised; mid-vein usually pink or purplish. Scapes pale green, often partially suffused purplish, sparsely to scattered arachnoid, shorter than leaves. Capitulum yellow, ca. 3 cm wide, ± flat. Involucre not pruinose, ca. 8 mm wide and broadly obconical to ± rounded at base. Outer phyllaries 15–18, variously erect-patent, patent or arcuate-patent, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, usually 6–8 × 1.5– 2.4 mm, adaxially pale green, often suffused purplish, abaxially light green to medium deep olivaceous-green, distally suffused purplish, with an abrupt transition in a translucent membranous border 0.1–0.25 mm wide, margin glabrous, apex flat; inner phyllaries ca. 12 mm long, of unequal width, sometimes neighbouring phyllaries coalescing. Outer ligules narrow, flat, striped grey-olivaceous outside, the strip sometimes slightly suffused purplish, apical teeth blackpurple, inner ligules canaliculate, their apical teeth darker yellow. Stigmas medium dark discoloured, light grey-green, with a dark pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes greyish stramineous-brown, relatively slender, 3.7–4.2 × 0.8–0.9 mm, body ± densely covered with erect-patent to suberect spinules and comb-like squamules in upper 1/3–1/4, body subgradually to subabruptly narrowing into a cylindrical or subcylindrical cone (0.6–) 0.8–0.9 mm long, often with minute spinules in lower half; beak (5–) 7–7.5 mm long, pappus white, 5–6 mm long. – Agamosperm. – Fig. 65C, 66, 67. Diagnostic notes:—The relatively light green, variously patent to arcuate-recurved outer phyllaries, small, slender achenes with a short cone, and leaves similar to T. maricum Vašut, Kirschner & Štěpánek in Vašut et al. (2005: 198) are features characterizing T. radmilae. In the leaf shape it approaches also T. serenum and T. tetricum but the leaf colour is different. Distribution and habitat:—Up to now, it has been recorded from the Rhodopes only, and it may be overlooked elsewehere. It was found to occur in forest tracks and meadows in the montane belt (within the elevation span of 1650–1950 m). Its IUCN conservation status is estimated as VU. Specimens examined:— BULGARIA. The Rodopi, Čepelare, the Prespa Mts., village of Manastir, below the summit of Mt. Prespa, 1850–1900 m, 25 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, cultivated as TaB 26 (B 26) (PRA, no. det. 25410); Ibidem, TaB 24 (B 24) (PRA, no. det. 25408); Ibidem, TaB 25 (B 25) (PRA, no. det. 25400). – Čepelare, the Prespa Mts., village of Manastir, a ridge between Mt. Prespa and Mt. Momčil, ca. 2–4 km ESE. of Manastir, 1700–1800 m, 41° 43’ N, ca. 24° 54–55’ E, 25 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 7002 (PRA, no. det. 25409). – Čepelare, the Prespa Mts., village of Manastir, N. slopes of Mt. Prespa, 25 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, cultivated as Ro 10 (PRA, no. det. 25407); Ibidem, TaB 32 (B 32) (PRA, no. det. 25401); Ibidem, TaB 31 (B 31) (PRA, no. det. 25399); Ibidem, TaB 30 (B 30) (PRA, no. det. 25398). – Čepelare, the Prespa Mts., village of Manastir, NE. slopes of Mt. Prespa, ca. 1800 m, 25 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, cultivated as TaB 27 (B 27) (PRA, no. det. 25406); Ibidem, TaB 29 (B 29) (PRA, no. det. 25403). – Čepelare, the Prespa Mts., village of Manastir, between the village and Mt. Prespa, 1700–1800 m, 25 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, cultivated as TaB 22 (B 22) (PRA, no. det. 25405); Ibidem, TaB 23 (B 23) (PRA, no. det. 25404). – Čepelare, the Prespa Mts., village of Manastir, N. foot of Mt. Prespa, ca. 1650 m, 25 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, cultivated as TaB 33 (B 33) (PRA, no. det. 25402). – Čepelare, the Prespa Mts., village of Manastir, NE. slopes of Mt. Prespa, ca. 1850–1950 m, ca. 41° 42–43’ N, 24° 54’ E, 25 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 6953 (PRA, no. det. 25658); Ibidem, JŠ 6954 (PRA, no. det. 25657); Ibidem, JŠ 6956 (PRA, no. det. 25656); Ibidem, JŠ 6955 (PRA, no. det. 25654). – Čepelare, the Černatica Mts, village of Chvojna, Mt. Goljam Persenk (2091 m), ca. 3 km W. of Skalni Mostove, ca. 1900-1950 m, 24 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, J. Štěpánek, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as Ro 4 (PRA, no. det. 25655).Published as part of Štěpánek, Jan & Kirschner, Jan, 2022, A hotspot of endemism: Oreophytic Taraxacum species (Compositae, Crepidinae) in the mountains of Bulgaria, pp. 1-139 in Phytotaxa 569 (1) on pages 111-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.569.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/723518
Unilateral partial nephrectomy with warm ischemia results in acute Hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) overexpression in a porcine model
No full textPurpose: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) during partial nephrectomy (PN) contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI), which is inaccurately assessed using existent clinical markers of renal function. We evaluated I/R-related changes in expression in hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), within kidney tissue and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in a porcine model of PN.
Materials and Methods: Three adult pigs each underwent unilateral renal hilar cross clamping for 180 min followed by a 15 min reperfusion. The contralateral kidney served as control. Biopsies of clamped kidneys were obtained at baseline (time 0), every 60 min during the hypoxic phase, and post-reperfusion. Control kidneys were biopsied once at 180 min. Peripheral blood was sampled at time 0, every 30 min during the hypoxic phase, and post-reperfusion. HIF-1α and TLR4 expression in kidney tissue and PBL were analyzed by Western blotting. I/R-related histological changes were assessed.
Results: Expression of HIF-1α in clamped kidneys and PBL was below detection level at baseline, rising to detectable levels after 60 min of hypoxia, and continuing to rise throughout the hypoxic and reperfusion phases. Expression of TLR-4 in clamped kidneys followed a similar trend with initial detection after 30–60 min of hypoxia. Control kidneys exhibited no change in HIF-1α or TLR-4 expression. I/R-related histologic changes were minimal, primarily mild tubular dilatation.
Conclusions: In a porcine model of PN, HIF-1α and TLR4 exhibited robust, I/R-related increases in expression in kidney tissue and PBL. Further studies investigating these molecules as potential markers of AKI are warranted.Peer reviewe
Taraxacum confusaneum Kirschner & Stepanek 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<p> <b>12.</b> <i>Taraxacum confusaneum</i> Kirschner & Štěpánek, <i>sp. nov.</i></p> <p> <b>Type</b>:—[RUSSIA, Respublika Altay] Sibiria austro-occid., montes Altaj, distr. Ongudaj, in siccis et alluvionibus ad confluentem fl. Katuň et Čuja, 1 Jul 1988, <i>J. Kirschner</i>, cultivated from roots no. JŠ 3349 and obtained achenes as T 202 (PRA, no. det. 35847, holotype; isotype: PRA, no. det. 36395).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>:—Derived from several sources; mingled.</p> <p> <i> <i>Diagnosis</i>:—Plantae parvulae, foliis profunde dissectis, lobis lateralibus anguste triangularibus vel lineari-triangularibus patentibus usque falcato-recurvis, phyllariis involucralibus exterioribus subimbricatis, variabiliter erecto-patentibus, laxe adpressis vel ± adpressis, ovato-lanceolatis, marginibus albidis distinctis 0.2–0.4 mm latis et acheniis rubro-brunneis, longis, in pyramidem cylindricam subabrupte abeuntibus distinguendae.</i> </p> <p>Plants small, to 8–12 cm tall. Petiole narrow, unwinged, sparsely arachnoid to ± glabrous, suffused deep purple; plant base with whitish to yellowish hairs, tunic developed. Leaves ± mid-green, sparsely arachnoid to subglabrous, mainly along mid-vein, not spotted, occasionally with sparse brown-purple elongated little spots on leaf surface, linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate in outline, usually 3–11 × (0.9–) 1.1–2.5 cm, with a very complicated three-dimensional shape pattern, deeply pinnatisect, lateral segments usually (3) 4–6 pairs, usually narrowly triangular, patent, subrecurved or falcate-recurved, usually wholly narrowly bordered brown-purple, distal margin often undulate, convex, sigmoid or rarely concave, with several unequal little teeth and often with an incision, sometimes ± entire, proximal margin often ± undulate or narrowly raised, usually ± straight, denticulate or ± entire; terminal segment triangular to almost tripartite, distal margin usually with a shallow constriction, ± concave, undulate, occasionally with an incision or a minute tooth; interlobes usually narrowly bordered brown-purple, narrow, usually 2–3 mm wide, with numerous or a few unequal acuminate teeth and lobules, teeth often variously raised, some variously curved; mid-vein usually faintly suffused purplish. Scapes arachnoid, brownish green, subequalling to ± overtopping leaves. Capitulum yellow, 2.5–3 cm wide. Involucre slightly greyish olivaceous-green, 7–9 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually (8) 10–15, erect-patent, loosely appressed or ± appressed, ± subimbricate, relatively short, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, (4.0–) 4.5–6 × 2.4–3.2 (–3.8) mm, surface light olivaceous-green in the proximal part, distally getting darker and suffused purplish, border sharply delimited, narrow, whitish-membranous, 0.1–0.3 (–0.4) mm wide, margin ciliate, apex ± blackish green, ± flat or with acute cornicles 0.3–0.6 mm long; inner phyllaries usually 11–14 mm long, ± flat to corniculate. Ligules flat, striped greyish-purplish outside, inner ligule teeth dirty purplish or greyish. Stigmas light greenish, with a darker pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes red-brown, (3.8–) 4.5–4.8 (–5) × 0.9–1.1 mm, body distinctly spinulose in upper 1/3, subabruptly narrowing into ± cylindrical cone (0.6–) 0.8–1.0 × 0.25–0.35 mm; beak (5–) 8–9 mm long, pappus ca. 5.5 mm long, ± pure white. – Agamosperm. – Fig. 13, 14.</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic notes</b>:—The remarkable characters of <i>T. confusaneum</i> include a very complicated leaf shape pattern, relatively large red-brown achenes, and variously subappressed ovate-lanceolate outer phyllaries with a distinct but narrow border.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and ecology</b>:—During our 1988 expedition, we spent two days at the spectacular confluence of two important rivers: Katun and Chuya. The area was thoroughly sampled and proved enormously rich botanically. <i>Taraxacum confusaneum</i> grows there on dry trampled grasslands and gravelly slopes, at the elevation of ca. 780– 820 m. Another site is situated down the Katun River, near the confluence with Bol’shoi Yaloman. <i>Taraxacum confusaneum</i> also occurs in the NE Kyrgyzstan, at the elevations above 2800 m.</p> <p> <b>Specimens examined</b>:—[RUSSIA, Respublika Altay] SW Siberia, Altai, Ongudai District, dry sites and alluvial habitats near the confluence of the rivers Katun and Chuya [50°24’02” N, 86°40’25” E, 780–820 m a.s.l.], 1 Jul 1988, <i>J. Kirschner</i>, cultivated from roots as JŠ 3349 (PRA). – Altai, Ongudai District, dry slopes in the valley of Katuň River, near the confluence with Boľshoi Yaloman [the locality centre is situated at 50°31’ N, 86°34’ E, 700 m a.s.l.], 30 Jun 1988, <i>J. Kirschner</i>, cultivated from achenes of JŠ 3646 as T 210 (PRA, no. det. 35843). – KYRGYZSTAN: East Kyrgyzstan, Central Tian Shan, Mt. Pik Nansen area, central part of Inylchek Valley, 2800–2980 m, 42°11’ N, 79°36’30” E, 16 Jul 1989, <i>L. Businská & R. Businský</i>, cultivated as JŠ 4175 (PRA, no. det. 36946); <i>Ibidem</i>, cultivated as JŠ 4176 A (PRA, no. det. 36944).</p>Published as part of <i>Kirschner, Jan & Štěpánek, Jan, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Dissecta, a continental steppe group common in Siberia and adjacent regions of Central Asia, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 590 (1)</i> on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.590.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7780271">http://zenodo.org/record/7780271</a>
Taraxacum vile Stepanek & Kirschner 2022, sp. nov.
No full text6. Taraxacum vile Štěpánek & Kirschner, sp. nov. Type:— Bulgaria, montes Rila, in saltu inter montes Kobylina braništa (=Kobylino branišče), 2000–2200 m, 17 Aug 1982, H. Barešová, cultivated as JŠ 1005/1, collected in 1987 (PRA, no. det. 35760, holotype; isotype: PRA, no. det. 27677, and duplicates). Note:—In the Bulgarian material collected by R. Doll (published 1978), T. vile is found under several, misinterpreted names (usually only a part of the material under each name): T. panalpinum, T. pseudofontanum, T. reophilum, T. fontanosquameum and T. silvicola. Etymology:—From Latin, vilis – cheap, ordinary, mundane. Exsiccates:— Taraxaca Exs., no. 1310–1311. Diagnosis:—Plantae a speciebus ceteris bulgaricis sectionis Croceorum petiolis purpureis, foliis modice saturate viridibus vel subcanescenti-viridibus, vena mediana roseo-purpurea, acheniis pallide stramineo-cinerascentibus vel pallide stramineofulvescentibus, pyramide cylindrica bene dignoscendae. Plants medium-sized, ± slender, 8–20 cm tall. Plant base without tunic, ± glabrous among petiole bases. Petiole medium broad winged (outer leaves) to narrowly winged (inner leaves), purple, 2–4 cm long. Leaves variously erectpatent, mid-green to slightly greyish green, with sparse hairs along mid-vein, otherwise glabrous, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptical in outline, usually 7–13 × 1–2.5 cm, pinnatisect with ± remote broad segments; terminal segment variably large, usually 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1.8 cm, triangular to broadly so, or ± helmet-shaped, sometimes with hastate base, subacute, distal margin convex, subsigmoid or ± straight, sometimes with a shallow incision, rarely terminal segment elongated, stepwise narrowed, basal lobules subrecurved to recurved, sometimes ± patent, acute, proximal margin ± concave to ± straight, entire; lateral segments in 3 (–5) pairs, abruptly getting smaller towards leaf base, deltoid triangular to bird-wing-like, usually 4–11 × 5–9 mm, ± recurved to subpatent, acute, distal margin convex to sigmoid or ± straight, entire, proximal margin subconcave to ± straight, entire; interlobes ± long and narrow, usually 5–10 × 2–3.5 mm, not bordered, with a large single tooth and sometimes with several little teeth; mid-vein purple. Scapes, pale greenish, later suffused purplish, sparsely arachnoid, later glabrescent, overtopping leaves. Capitulum medium-sized, 3–3.5 cm wide, ± flat, deep yellow. Involucre ± not pruinose, ca. 8–10 mm wide and rounded at base. Outer phyllaries usually 10–15, loosely appressed, subimbricate, relatively long, reaching 3/5–1/2 of the inner, ± lanceolate, sometimes ovate-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, usually 6–8 × 2.5–4 mm, whitish green to deep olivaceous-green, distally darker and often suffused purplish, with a dark middle line (visible in paler phyllaries), with an abrupt transition into a narrow membranous to scarious border 0.1–0.2 mm wide, margin minutely ciliate distally, apex flat; inner phyllaries 12–13 mm long, of ± equal width. Outer ligules flat, striped grey-olivaceous outside, apical teeth ± black, inner ligules canaliculate, with black apical teeth. Stigmas long, light to dark discoloured, yellow-green, with greyish pubescence outside. Pollen present, pollen grains irregular in size. Achenes light greyish stramineous to light beige, 3.5–4.6 × 0.9–1.0 mm, body with numerous erect-patent short spinules and squamules in upper 1/3–1/4, relatively abruptly narrowing into a cylindrical or subcylindrical cone 0.7–0.9 mm long; beak (5–) 6–9 (–10.5) mm; pappus whitish to slightly brownish dirty white, 5.5–6.5 mm long. – Agamosperm. – Triploid, 2n=24 (counted by J. Štěpánek, PRA, no. det. 27678). – Fig. 13, 14, 15A. Diagnostic notes, variation and relationships:—A species not very conspicuous among Bulgarian members of T. sect. Crocea; it is relatively distinct in having purple petioles and the mid-vein, less broadly winged petiole, and achenes with a peculiar, pale beige to light stramineous colour and a relatively long, cylindrical cone. Minute among-population differences suggest multiclonality. At first sight, T. vile resembles more robust morphotypes of T. vindobonense of T. sect. Palustria. Within T. sect. Crocea, it resembles most closely T. fontanosquameum van Soest (1959: 110). Distribution and habitat:—Unlike the majority of Bulgarian mountain dandelions, it is known to occur in several mountain ranges, the Vitosha, the Rila and the Rodopi. It probably represents a species endemic to Bulgaria. It grows in wet subalpine and alpine grasslands, along paths and in the vicinity of alpine chalets. Its IUCN conservation status is estimated as LC. Specimens examined:— BULGARIA. Sofia, the Vitoša, summit of Mt. Černi vrch, 2290 m, 14 Jul 1991, J. Štěpánková, cultivated as JŠ 5013 (PRA, no. det. 27684). – Vitoša, subalpine grasslands on Mt. Samaro (2108 m), ca. 2000 m, 27 Jul 1998, R. Bělohlávková, cultivated as TaB 52 (B 52) (PRA, no. det. 27683). – Vitoša, village of Dragalevci, around the alpine shelter Alpicum on the summit of Černi vrch, 2280-2290 m, ca. 42° 34’ N, ca. 23° 18’ E, 27 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 6887 (PRA, no. det. 27682); Ibidem, JŠ 6889 (PRA, no. det. 27681); Ibidem, JŠ 6888 (PRA, no. det. 27680). – The Rila, in the pass below Mt. Kobylina braništa (Kobylino branišče), 2000–2200 m, 17 Aug 1982, H. Barešová, cultivated as JŠ 1005/1 (PRA, no. det. 27678); Ibidem, JŠ 1005/2 (PRA, no. det. 27677, 27676). – Rila, Musala Chalet, 12 Jul 1976, R. Doll as T. reophilum (JE, no. det. 19051). – Rila, Jastrebec, 13 Jul 1976, R. Doll as T. silvicolum (JE, no. det. 19046). – Rila, Musala Chalet, 12 Jul 1976, R. Doll as T. fontanosquameum (JE, no. det. 19263). – Rila, Musala Chalet, 12 Jul 1976, R. Doll as T. pseudofontanum (JE, no. det. 19264). – Rila, village of Borovec, valley of Bistrica, ca. 1–2 km below the Musala Chalet, ca. 2100 m, 9 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek, cultivated as JŠ 4819 (PRA, no. det. 36013). – The Rodopi Mts., Čepelare, the Černatica Mts., Chvojna village, around Mt. Goljam Persenk (2091 m), in the pass between Mt. Goljam Persenk and Persenk, ca. 2 km W. of Skalni Mostove, ca. 1900–1950 m, ca. 41° 49’ N, ca. 24° 33’ E, 24 Jul 1998, J. Štěpánek, R. Bělohlávková, V. D. Vladimirov & D. Petkova, cultivated as JŠ 6969 (PRA, no. det. 27679). – Less certain identification: Rila, Musala Chalet, 12 Jul 1976, R. Doll as T. panalpinum (JE, no. det. 19058). – Rila, Musala Chalet, 12 Jul 1976, R. Doll as T. silvicolum (JE, no. det. 19047). – Rila, Samokov, Borovec, Musalenski ezera, around the Musala Chalet, ca. 2400 m, 9 Aug 1990, J. Štěpánek & B. Kuzmanov, cultivated as JŠ 4287 (PRA, no. det. 36017).Published as part of Štěpánek, Jan & Kirschner, Jan, 2022, A hotspot of endemism: Oreophytic Taraxacum species (Compositae, Crepidinae) in the mountains of Bulgaria, pp. 1-139 in Phytotaxa 569 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.569.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/723518
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