845 research outputs found
Assessment of Nutrient Intakes: Introduction to the Special Issue
No full textKirkpatrick, S. I., & Collins, C. E. (2016). Assessment of Nutrient Intakes: Introduction to the Special Issue. Nutrients, 8(4), 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8040184Accurately measuring consumption of food, drinks and supplements is fundamental to nutrition and health research, including surveillance, epidemiology and intervention studies. However, assessing food intake is an area that is fraught with challenges [1]. Diet is inherently complex given that it is
a chronic and multifaceted phenomenon that changes over time and varies in relation to age, life stage
and many other factors. The challenges associated with assessing diet and nutrient intakes have led to
the productive area of research that is the focus of this issue of Nutrients.Funder 1, Sharon Kirkpatrick is funded by a Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute Capacity
Development Award (grant # 702855) || Funder 2, Clare Collins is supported by a National Health and Medical Research
Council of Australia Senior Research Fellowship
sj-doc-1-aph-10.1177_10105395231189570 – Supplemental material for Examining the Association Between Household Enrollment in the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and Wasting and Stunting Status Among Children Experiencing Poverty in the Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-aph-10.1177_10105395231189570 for Examining the Association Between Household Enrollment in the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and Wasting and Stunting Status Among Children Experiencing Poverty in the Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study by Monica Bustos, Lincoln L. Lau, Sharon I. Kirkpatrick, Joel A. Dubin, Helena Manguerra and Warren Dodd in Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health</p
Gaps in the Evidence on Population Interventions to Reduce Consumption of Sugars: A Review of Reviews
No full textKirkpatrick, S. I., Raffoul, A., Maynard, M., Lee, K. M., & Stapleton, J. (2018). Gaps in the Evidence on Population Interventions to Reduce Consumption of Sugars: A Review of Reviews. Nutrients, 10(8), 1036. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081036There is currently considerable attention directed to identifying promising interventions to reduce consumption of sugars among populations around the world. A review of systematic reviews was conducted to identify gaps in the evidence on such interventions. Medline, EMBASE CINAHL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify systematic reviews published in English from January 2005 to May 2017 and considering research on interventions to reduce sugar intake. Twelve systematic reviews that considered price changes, interventions to alter the food available within specific environments, and health promotion and education programs were examined. Each of the identified reviews focused on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). The existing literature provides some promising indications in terms of the potential of interventions to reduce SSB consumption among populations. However, a common thread is the limited scope of available evidence, combined with the heterogeneity of methods and measures used in existing studies, which limits conclusions that can be reached regarding the effectiveness of interventions. Reviewed studies typically had limited follow-up periods, making it difficult to assess the sustainability of effects. Further, there is a lack of studies that address the complex context within which interventions are implemented and evaluated, and little is known about the cost-effectiveness of interventions. Identified gaps speak to the need for a more holistic approach to sources of sugars beyond SSBs, consensus on measures and methods, attention to the implementation of interventions in relation to context, and careful monitoring to identify intended and unintended consequences.At the time that the work was undertaken, Sharon Kirkpatrick was supported by a Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute Capacity Development Award (grant
#702855)
HyperGUI: Webapp for Hyperspectral Image I/O
No full text<p>Co-Author: Sharon M. O'Rourke <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p>
“This is your life you have to live with the memories”: Older migrant women’s reflections on living with the past
No full textMemories collected across the life-course often inform our sense of who we are and what is important to us, as we grow older. This article draws on the findings of two qualitative life-history research projects that set out to explore older UK migrant women’s quality of life across the life course. It has two main aims. One aim is to contribute to existing theorizations of social memory. Another aim is to show the extent to which migrant women’s memories of life-altering events influence their satisfaction with life as they grow older. The article concludes by arguing for an approach to the study of ageing that is sensitive to the impact of memories on our experiences of growing older
Helpful or harmful? An examination of the relationship between low- and no-calorie sweetener exposure and dietary intake and health
No full textBackground: Poor dietary patterns are a major contributor to chronic disease morbidity and mortality globally. Many governments and health authorities have implemented public health initiatives to improve dietary patterns, including by reducing added sugars intake. Replacing added sugars with low- and no-calorie sweeteners is becoming increasingly common, both in the food supply and by individuals. Although low- and no-calorie sweeteners approved for use are considered safe from a toxicological perspective, their long-term impacts on health and chronic disease risk are contested. Objectives: The objectives of this dissertation were to 1) summarize evidence from systematic reviews examining associations between consumption of low- and no-calorie sweeteners and chronic conditions and intermediate risk factors (Chapter 4); 2) develop a standardized approach to classify food codes used in nutrition surveillance in Canada as sources of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (Chapter 5); 3) estimate the proportion of individuals in Canada reporting the consumption of sources of low- and no-calorie sweeteners or tabletop sweeteners on a given day (Chapter 6); 4) characterize the nutrition profiles of sources of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (Chapter 6); and 5) assess diet quality in relation to the probability of consuming low- and no-calorie sweeteners among individuals in Canada (Chapter 7). Methods and results: Chapter 4 presents a rapid review of systematic reviews of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials and observational studies investigating associations between low- and no-calorie sweetener consumption and health outcomes and intermediate risk factors in adults and children. The search strategy returned 409 results, 25 of which met the eligibility criteria and underwent quality appraisal using the AMSTAR-2 assessment tool. Data from nine systematic reviews assessed as high- or moderate-quality were included in the narrative synthesis. Randomized controlled trials tended to report no association or beneficial impacts of consumption, whereas non-randomized trials and other observational studies observed no association or negative impacts on outcomes of interest, such as type 2 diabetes. There was limited evidence examining associations between consumption of sweeteners and diet quality. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 drew on 24-hour dietary recall data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition Public Use Microdata File (2015 CCHS—Nutrition). In Chapter 5, a classification system was developed to categorize food codes used to code the 24-hour recalls as sources of sweeteners. First, food code descriptions were reviewed for confirmatory keywords, such as “low-calorie sweetener,” and possible source keywords, such as “diet.” Food codes with descriptions containing confirmatory keywords were categorized as sources, whereas those with descriptions containing possible source keywords progressed to step two. In step two, the descriptions for matching food codes in the U.S. Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies were examined for confirmatory keywords. In step 3, the remaining possible sources were assessed using an online search of grocery store websites. A total of 76 food codes (1.5%) were classified as sources of low- and no-calorie sweeteners and 46 recipe codes used in the 2015 CCHS—Nutrition contained sources as ingredients. Steps 2 and 3 identified 41 food code sources not identified by Step 1 alone. In Chapter 6, the classification system was applied to recall data for individuals aged 1 year and above living in the Canadian provinces. The proportions reporting consumption of at least one source on a given day were estimated overall and by age, sex, household income, and self-reported diabetes status. Commonly reported sources were examined by age group, and the nutritional profiles of sources were examined relative to the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide. About one in 10 children aged 1-13 years (8.4%, 95% CI: 6.6, 10.2) and adolescents aged 14-18 years (10.7%, 95% CI: 7.6, 13.8) and one in five adults (19.8%, 95% CI: 16.2, 23.4) 19 years and above consumed sources of sweeteners on a given day. Among adults with diabetes, four in 10 (42.4%, 95% CI: 36.1, 48.7) consumed a source of low- and no-calorie sweeteners on a given day compared to approximately one in five (18.2%, 95% CI: 14.2, 22.0) who did not report having diabetes. Foods sweetened with low- and no-calorie sweeteners were more frequently consumed than beverages among children and adolescents (children: 5.5% (95% CI: 4.0, 7.0) vs. 3.1% (95% CI: 2.3, 3.9), respectively; adolescents: 6.2% (95% CI: 3.4, 9.1) vs. 4.1% (95% CI: 2.8, 5.4)), whereas adults consumed beverages more frequently than foods (10.9% (95% CI: 7.6, 14.2) vs. 7.7% (95% CI, 7.0, 8.4), respectively). On a given day, 4% of adults consumed tabletop sweeteners; estimates for children and adolescents were not reported due to small sample sizes. Diet sodas were the most frequently consumed beverage source across all three age groups. Yogurts were the most frequently consumed food source among children, whereas meal replacements, including protein powders, were the most frequently consumed food source among adolescents and adults. No food codes classified as sources of low- and no-calorie sweeteners were considered ‘foundational’ according to the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide Food Classification System. In Chapter 7, diet quality, measured using the 2019 Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI-2019), was assessed in relation to the probability of consuming sources of low- and no-calorie sweeteners among respondents aged 2 years and older, overall and by sex and diabetes status. Higher HEFI-2019 scores, which represent closer alignment with the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide, were calculated based on simulated distributions of usual intakes estimated using the National Cancer Institute’s multivariate Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Variables (e.g. vegetables and fruit, free sugars) used to arrive at HEFI-2019 scores were modelled jointly with a variable indicating an individual’s probability to consume low- and no-calorie sweeteners on a recall day; probabilities of consumption were expressed as quintiles. There was weak evidence (P=0.08) of lower (-6.1 points, 95% CI: -13.1, 0.8) HEFI-2019 total scores among children aged 2 to 13 with the highest probability of consuming low- and no-calorie sweeteners (i.e. quintile 5) compared to children with the lowest probability. Among males 14 years of age and above, there was moderate evidence (P=0.04) of higher (4.6 points, 95% CI: 0.1, 9.1) HEFI-2019 total scores among those with the highest probability of consuming low- and no-calorie sweeteners compared to those with the lowest probability. There was no evidence of meaningful differences in HEFI-2019 total sores in relation to probability of consuming sources of low- and no-calorie sweeteners among females aged 14 years and above or among adults 19 years and above with and without diabetes. Conclusion: This dissertation makes several contributions to the evidence to inform policies related to low- and no-calorie sweeteners in Canada. First, the inconsistent associations between the use of sweeteners and health in the literature contribute to differing dietary guidance across health authorities. This lack of clarity on how and by whom low- and no-calorie sweeteners should be consumed emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring of population-level consumption patterns. Second, this dissertation presents a standardized approach to identifying sweetener sources in Canada’s national food composition database, enabling consistent classification across studies. Third, for the first time, evidence on population-level exposure to low- and no-calorie sweeteners from foods, beverages, and tabletop sweeteners in Canada and associations between diet quality and the probability of consuming low- and no-calorie sweeteners can inform healthy eating policies, such as Canada’s Healthy Eating Strategy
"Transmuting sorrow": earth, epitaph, and Wordsworth's nineteenth-century readers
No full textThis study examines the ways in which nineteenth-century readers experienced Wordsworth's poetry as wisdom literature--ways of reading the poetry which have been largely lost in the twenty-first century. Considered as disciples, these men and women of letters had lifelong relationships with the poet and poetry which paralleled Wordsworth's own ritual of returning to the text and to the consecrated place in nature. By examining the reading practices of these Wordsworthians in the light of interpretive methods dating back to monastic readers, I show how such practices went hand in glove with the poet’s epitaphic aesthetic.
Wordsworth's theory of poetry derives from his "Essays Upon Epitaphs" which privilege the sympathetic relationship of the epitaph writer to the deceased and to the mourning survivors. I trace the evolution of this aesthetic in Wordsworth's poetry through his autobiographical poem, The Prelude, considered as the poet's own epitaph, and through his turn to the frugality and rigid lines of the sonnet as the form most conducive to fulfilling his prophetic duty in later years. I follow this aesthetic as poetic persona and readers enact the sincerity between epitaph writer and mourners in a mutually sympathetic relationship. This bond between writer and reader assisted in transforming suffering into an attractive if unattainable ideal which yet inspired readers to social duty. I use psychoanalytic theory to show how the persona modeled the "transmutation" of sorrow for readers by ordering the mind and cultivating self-forgiveness by means of this ideal.
The ritual of reading and revising sorrows which incorporated the persona’s mental discipline importantly depended on the "counter-spirit" or deconstructive quality inherent in language which has its analogue in the cycles of renovation and decay in nature. This instability of language contributed to an ambiguity at the heart of Wordsworth's poetry which opened up a range of possible interpretations. Depending on the individual, such ambiguity made it possible for nineteenth-century readers to apply the poetry to their lives methodically, both as an aid to mourning and to religious reflection.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 269-295)by Sharon McGrad
Oregon I/DD case management
No full textprepared for Oregon Office Developmental Disabilities Services ; Sharon Lewis, HMA ; Mary Sowers, NASDDDS.Title from PDF caption (viewed on January 25, 2022).Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Accuracy of Parental Reporting of Preschoolers’ Dietary Intake Using an Online Self-Administered 24-h Recall
No full textWallace, A., Kirkpatrick, S. I., Darlington, G., & Haines, J. (2018). Accuracy of Parental Reporting of Preschoolers’ Dietary Intake Using an Online Self-Administered 24-h Recall. Nutrients, 10(8), 987. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10080987Parents are typically relied upon to report young children’s dietary intake. However, there has been limited research assessing the accuracy of such reports captured using novel dietary assessment tools. The purpose of the current study was to assess the validity of the web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24-Canada) for capturing dietary intake among children aged two-five years (n = 40), using parental proxy reporting. The study was conducted in a daycare setting, allowing for standardization of foods and drinks offered and direct observation of intake. Parental-reported intake was compared to true intake for lunch and dinner, as well as an afternoon snack, on a single day. Each eating occasion, including plate waste, was unobtrusively documented. Parents were not present for lunch or the afternoon snack, but joined their children at the daycare centre for the dinner meal. The following day, parents reported their children’s intake from the previous 24-h period using ASA24-Canada. For the eating occasions assessed, parents reported exact or close matches for 79.2% (82.3% for lunch, 81.2% for the snack, and 77.4% for dinner) of the foods and beverages truly consumed by children. Estimates of intake for energy and macronutrients examined (carbohydrates, fat, and protein) based on parental reports were higher than those based on true (observed) intake. Our findings suggest that parents are able to report what their preschool children eat and drink relatively accurately. However, the accuracy of portion size estimates is low. Strategies to enhance portion size reporting are needed to improve parental proxy reporting.Funder 1, This study was funded by a project supported by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation || Funder 2, Ontario
Ministry of Research and Innovation
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