21 research outputs found
sj-doc-1-jcc-10.1177_00220221231176788 – Supplemental material for Fatherhood and Child–Father Attachment in Two Small-Scale Societies
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-jcc-10.1177_00220221231176788 for Fatherhood and Child–Father Attachment in Two Small-Scale Societies by Tanya Broesch, Chris von Rueden, Kim Yurkowski, Hannah Quinn, Sarah Alami, Helen Elizabeth Davis, Brandi Stupica, Johnny Tarry Nimau and Jean-François Bureau in Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology</p
Représentations d’attachement des enfants d’âge préscolaire : validation d’un nouvel instrument d’évaluation et son association au développement social de l’enfant
No full textLa recherche actuelle portant sur l’évaluation des récits d’attachement à la période préscolaire comporte plusieurs lacunes. Par exemple, il n’existe pas de critères d’évaluation pour les différents types de désorganisation et de renversement de rôles observés à la période préscolaire. De plus, la validation des récits d’attachement se fait à partir de l’observation des comportements d’attachement à la mère seulement alors que les récits d’attachement impliquent généralement les deux parents. Le but du présent projet de recherche est de remédier à ces lacunes en développant un nouvel instrument de mesure pour les récits d’attachement, l’Ottawa-Guelph Attachment Narrative Coding System (OGANCS; Yurkowski et al., 2012). L’objectif de la première étude est d’explorer la structure interne de l’OGANCS ainsi que d’évaluer ses propriétés psychométriques: la cohérence interne, l’accord inter-juges, la validité de convergence et la validité discriminante. Le but de la seconde étude est de vérifier la concordance des représentations d’attachement enfant-mère et enfant-père et leurs associations respectives et combinées à l’adaptation sociale des enfants. Dans la première étude, les analyses en composantes principales (ACP) ont révélé des solutions similaires comportant sept composantes pour les représentations d’attachement aux deux parents. Chez les mères, les composantes suivantes ont été identifiées: Inhibition, Résistance-hostilité, Aide incomplète, Exagération-effrayant, Prise en charge de soi, Affiliation et Renversement de rôles-attentionné. Chez les pères, les composantes suivantes ont été identifiées: Aide incomplète, Résistance-hostilité, Inhibition, Exagération-effrayant, Affiliation, Violence-conflits et Renversement de rôles-attentionné. Globalement, la fiabilité et la validité de l’OGANCS ont été confirmées. Dans la deuxième étude, les résultats démontrent que la majorité des composantes de représentations d’attachement à la mère sont associées de façon significative à celles du père. La composante Exagération-effrayant chez chacun des parents et la composante Affiliation chez les pères sont associées aux comportements extériorisés des enfants. La composante Inhibition chez les mères est la seule composante associée aux comportements pro-sociaux des enfants. Les résultats suggèrent que les représentations d’attachement liées à un parent en particulier ne jouent peut-être pas un rôle aussi important dans l’adaptation sociale des enfants que le type spécifique de représentation évoquée
Family‐based risk factors for non‐suicidal self‐injury: Considering influences of maltreatment, adverse family‐life experiences, and parent–child relational risk
No full textFast fitting of non-Gaussian state-space models to animal movement data via Template Model Builder
No full textState-space models (SSM) are often used for analyzing complex ecologicalprocesses that are not observed directly, such as marine animal movement. When outliers are present in the measurements, special care is needed in the analysis to obtain reliable location and process estimates. Here we recommend using the Laplace approximation combined with automatic differentiation (as implemented in the novel R package Template Model Builder; TMB) for the fast fitting of continuous-time multivariate non-Gaussian SSMs. Through Argossatellite tracking data, we demonstrate that the use of continuous-time t-distributed measurement errors for error-prone data is more robust to outliers and improves the location estimation compared to using discretized-time t-distributed errors (implemented with a Gibbs sampler) orusing continuous-time Gaussian errors (as with the Kalman filter). Using TMB, we are able to estimate additional parameters compared to previous methods, all without requiring a substantial increase in computational time. The model implementation is made available through the R package argosTrack
Spring distribution of ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Eclipse Sound and Milne Inlet, Nunavut: implications for potential ice-breaking activities
No full textResource development in Arctic waters is proceeding rapidly leading to increased interactions with Arctic wildlife. As sea ice extent decreases, the demand for shipping and ice-breaking operations will expand into winter and spring with greater impact on ice-dependent pinnipeds. However, knowledge of the distribution of these species, such as ringed seals (Pusa hispida), during spring within areas of resource development is lacking. Baffinlandâ s Mary River iron ore port in southern Milne Inlet, Nunavut opened in 2015 with proposed ice-breaking activities in spring â an important period in ringed seal seasonal life-history. We conducted infrared and photographic aerial surveys in June 2016 and 2017 to overlay the proposed ice-breaking route with ringed seal hotspots (i.e. areas of higher density). We identified four areas of overlap where proposed ice-breaking would traverse through ringed seal hotspots: eastern and western Eclipse Sound (a ringed seal pupping ground identified by local knowledge), middle of Milne Inlet, and southern Milne Inlet. We identified potential negative implications of spring ice-breaking operations on ringed seals such as displacement, separation of mothers and pups, destruction of resting and birth lairs, and vessel-seal collisions. Results are relevant to policy decision-makers who can develop mitigation strategies in the rapidly thawing and developing Arctic.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Geographic variation in ringed seal growth rate and body size
No full textWe summarize geographical patterns in ringed seal (Pusa hispida Schreber, 1775) body length and girth growth using 3012 samples collected by Inuit hunters in the eastern Canadian Arctic, 1990-2016. Spatial structure was detected using cluster analysis of environmental variables separating a northern region in the eastern Canadian High Arctic and a southern region in Hudson Bay. The north was characterized by more fast ice, multi-year ice, greater snow depth, colder temperatures, and greater sea ice concentration in the spring seal breeding season. Hierarchical Bayesian models described length and axillary girth growth of northern seals as slower than in the south, reaching asymptotic size 5-7 years later. Northern females were larger than males (asymptotic length of 149 versus 140 cm, respectively) and both were larger than southern seals (males and females 126 cm). We conclude that environmental variation was best represented by regions rather than latitude, regional body size differences were driven by differential growth rates, and northern ringed seals may be characterized by reverse sexual size dimorphism.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
