1,721,010 research outputs found
One-Step Eco-Friendly Superhydrophobic Coating Method Using Polydimethylsiloxane and Ammonium Bicarbonate
No full textSuperhydrophobic surfaces offer numerous advantages and have become popular in a wide range of fields. Although many approaches for the modification of surface wettability have been developed, the practical application of superhydrophobic surfaces has been limited by the need for toxic materials and specialized equipment. Herein, a one-step coating method is developed for the fabrication of a superhydrophobic surface to eliminate these limitations. This environmentally friendly coating process uses only two reagents, namely, polydimethylsiloxane and ammonium bicarbonate, to minimize the inconvenience and costs associated with the disposal of used toxic materials. The superhydrophobic surface exhibits excellent durability, and the method is applicable to a variety of target surface shapes, including three-dimensional and complex structures. Besides, a wettability patterned surface and a functional filter for oil/water separation can be fabricated using this method. The numerous advantages of this approach demonstrate great practical application potential of these superhydrophobic surfaces.11Nsciescopu
Explainable Synthesizability Prediction of Inorganic Crystal Polymorphs Using Large Language Models
No full textWe evaluate the ability of machine learning to predict whether a hypothetical crystal structure can be synthesized and explain those predictions to scientists. Fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) trained on a human-readable text description of the target crystal structure perform comparably to previous bespoke convolutional graph neural network methods, but better prediction quality can be achieved by training a positive-unlabeled learning model on a text-embedding representation of the structure. An LLM-based workflow can then be used to generate human-readable explanations for the types of factors governing synthesizability, extract the underlying physical rules, and assess the veracity of those rules. These explanations can guide chemists in modifying or optimizing non-synthesizable hypothetical structures to make them more feasible for materials design.
Large Language Models for Inorganic Synthesis Predictions
No full textWe evaluate the effectiveness of pretrained and fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) for predicting the synthesizability of inorganic compounds and the selection of precursors needed to perform inorganic synthesis. The predictions of fine-tuned LLMs are comparable to-and sometimes better than-recent bespoke machine learning models for these tasks but require only minimal user expertise, cost, and time to develop. Therefore, this strategy can serve both as an effective and strong baseline for future machine learning studies of various chemical applications and as a practical tool for experimental chemists.
Lymph-Directed Self-Immolative Nitric Oxide Prodrug for Inhibition of Intractable Metastatic Cancer
No full text2
Triboelectrification charge modulation with modified high dielectric nanoparticles for improvement performance of triboelectric nanogenerators
No full textMorphology effect on the transferred charges in triboelectric nanogenerators: Numerical study using a finite element method
No full textThe structural shape of the interface between ametal and dielectric material in a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an important factor that can improve the device performance. Many interfacial structures have been developed to improve the TENG performance. However, there have been very few studies on the numerical interpretation of various types of contact interfaces. For various interfacial structures on which uniform triboelectric charge density is distributed, the surface charge density (in-plane, out-of-plane, and total) is systematically analyzed to predict the quantity of the transferred charges on the bottom metal under a short-circuit condition. In this work, a numerical study is conducted using a finite element method. The numerical results confirm that the increase in the quantity of the transferred charges collected on the bottom metal via electrostatic induction is related to the increase in the area of the surface structures (i.e., surface enlargement effect due to the formation of complex interfacial morphology). The estimated magnitude of the transferred charges shows the following decreasing trend for the various structural shapes: rectangle > cylinder > pyramid > cone > flat.
Exponential promotion and suppression of bubble nucleation in carbonated liquid by modification of surface wettability
No full textWhen carbon dioxide is supersaturated in a liquid, carbon dioxide gas gets nucleated, expands, and floats on the surface of the liquid. This is a well-known phenomenon and is generally observed in carbonated drinks. This bubble generation phenomenon can be activated or suppressed by changing the properties of the solid surface in contact with the carbonated liquid. In this study, a method of exponentially increasing or suppressing the bubble generation of carbonated liquids by modifying the surface wettability is proposed. Equal amounts of carbonated liquid were poured into bare, superhydrophilic, and superhydrophobic cups to compare the amount of overflow and generated gas. In the superhydrophobic cup, bubbles were generated only at the start of pouring the carbonated liquid, after which no more bubbles were generated. When the same amount of liquid was poured into the bare cup, about 4.1% of the total mass overflowed, while in the case of superhydrophilic surfaces, about 34% overflowed. The generated gas from each cup also showed significant difference according to the surface properties. From the experimental results, it was concluded that the superhydrophobic surface can suppress bubble nucleation, thus, preventing the soda from overflowing. Furthermore, a fall in carbon dioxide concentration can be prevented.
Theoretical study of contact-mode triboelectric nanogenerators: Analytical and numerical study for
No full textAn analytical and numerical analysis on contact-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) was carried out in this work. Based on the analytical model, the time-dependent transferred charge and the relationship between the transferred charge and accelerated velocity were numerically analyzed. The approach used here is the general interpretation of the contact-mode TENG for the time-dependent transferred charge, which can be used as a guidance for a practical design of the TENG system.
A Secure Middlebox Framework for Enabling Visibility Over Multiple Encryption Protocols
No full textNetwork middleboxes provide the first line of defense for enterprise networks. Many of them typically inspect packet payload to filter malicious attack patterns. However, the widespread use of end-to-end cryptographic protocols designed to promote security and privacy, either inhibits deep packet inspection in the network or forces enterprises to use solutions that are not secure. This article introduces a complete framework for building secure and practical network middleboxes, called EVE, which enables visibility over encrypted traffic. EVE securely processes encrypted traffic using a combination of hardware-based trusted execution and software security technology. For enhanced programmability and security, EVE provides a high-level programming interface based on the Rust language. The high-level APIs of EVE provide security and significantly ease the development effort by hiding the details of cryptographic operations, enclave processing, TCP reassembly, and out-of-band key sharing. Our evaluation shows EVE supports diverse use cases with multiple encryption protocols in a secure fashion while delivering high performance.
- …
