636 research outputs found
Crocker Range National Park, Sabah, as a refuge for Borneo’s montane herpetofauna
Get PDFCrocker Range National Park in Sabah (East Malaysia), northern Borneo, is an exceptional area for herpetological diversity. Inventories of the Park are incomplete, but show high diversity, as well as regional endemicity shared with the adjacent and more well-known Gunung Kinabalu National Park. The montane ecosystem of the Range offers refuge for a number of rare herpetofaunal taxa, including Stoliczkia borneensis, Rhabdophis murudensis, Oligodon everetti, Philautus bunitus, Ansonia anotis, Sphenomorphus aesculeticola, and undescribed species of squamates of the genera Sphenomorphus and Gongylosoma. The 59 species of amphibians and 45 species of reptiles now recorded from the Range represent 39 and 16.2 per cent of the total Bornean amphibian and reptile fauna, respectively. The high levels of deforestation of the surrounding regions of Borneo, particularly lowland rainforests, highten the importance of protection of primary forests of northern Borneo’s Crocker Range
Sejarah dan budaya megalitik Penampang, Sabah
No full textArtikel ini membincangkan sejarah dan budaya megalitik di Penampang, Sabah, dengan memberi tumpuan kepada asal usul dan budaya megalitik di kawasan tersebut. Daerah Penampang merupakan sebuah daerah yang mempunyai taburan megalitik terbanyak di Sabah dan masyarakat utama yang menduduki daerah ini adalah masyarakat Kadazan-Dusun. Kewujudan megalitik ini merupakan sebahagian warisan budaya masyarakat Kadazan-Dusun dan merupakan bukti arkeologi penting yang mencerminkan kehidupan dan kepercayaan masyarakat lampau. Kajian ini turut merangkumi penemuan arkeologi terkini yang membantu memahami fungsi dan makna megalitik dalam konteks sosial, keagamaan, dan budaya masyarakat tempatan. Melalui analisis taburan megalitik, kajian ini menilai corak penempatan dan kepentingan lokasi-lokasi tertentu dalam landskap budaya, sekali gus memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang pola penempatan dan struktur sosial masyarakat purba
Hand-crafted Vs. deep CNN features to distinguish benign from malignant lesions in breast ultrasound images
No full textBreast ultrasound imaging (BUS) plays a major role in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Consequently, computerised analysis of BUS images is being intensively investigated as a means to assist physicians in clinical decision making. The traditional approach involves the use of manually-designed (hand-crafted) morphology and texture features, although Deep Learning (DL) by convolutional neural networks (CNN) has
received much interest in recent years. Advances in AI research has demonstrated the effectiveness of CNN models for classification tasks; however, this approach requires large datasets, extensive computational resources and solid knowledge of CNN architecture design.
Deep feature extraction from pre-trained state-of-the art CNNs is an easy-to-implement approach that allows to exploit the
information already learnt on large datasets (e.g., ImageNet) while saving substantial computational time and resources. In this work we compare the effectiveness of deep features from three pre-trained CNN with that of five types of hand-crafted features for differentiating benign vs. malignant lesions on BUS images. The analysis was carried out on 252 lesions (154 benign, 98 malignant) from the recently released BrEaST dataset. The effects of image preprocessing (resizing and denoising) and of the area from which the features are computed (region of interest – ROI or bounding box around the ROI) are also investigated. The results show that the deep features outperformed the handcrafted in terms of accuracy (best accuracy 81.4% vs. 78.6%) hence demonstrating the feasibility of the method
Experimental assessment of conventional features, CNN-based features and ensemble schemes for discriminating benign versus malignant lesions on breast ultrasound images
No full textBreast ultrasound images play a pivotal role in assessing the nature of suspicious breast lesions, particularly in patients with dense tissue. Computerized analysis of breast ultrasound images has the potential to assist the physician in the clinical decision-making and improve subjective interpretation. We assess the performance of conventional features, deep learning features and ensemble schemes for discriminating benign versus malignant breast lesions on ultrasound images. A total of 19 individual feature sets (1 morphological, 2 first-order, 10 texture-based, and 6 CNN-based) were included in the analysis. Furthermore, four combined feature sets (Best by class; Top 3, 5, and 7) and four fusion schemes (feature concatenation, majority voting, sum and product rule) were considered to generate ensemble models. The experiments were carried out on three independent open-access datasets respectively containing 252 (154 benign, 98 malignant), 232 (109 benign, 123 malignant), and 281 (187 benign, 94 malignant) lesions. CNN-based features outperformed the other individual descriptors achieving levels of accuracy between 77.4% and 83.6%, followed by morphological features (71.6%–80.8%) and histograms of oriented gradients (71.4%–77.6%). Ensemble models further improved the accuracy to 80.2% to 87.5%. Fusion schemes based on product and sum rule were generally superior to feature concatenation and majority voting. Combining individual feature sets by ensemble schemes demonstrates advantages for discriminating benign versus malignant breast lesions on ultrasound images
Reactions to symptoms of mental disorder and help seeking in Sabah, Malaysia
Get PDF© 2017, © The Author(s) 2017. Background: A better understanding is needed about how people make decisions about help seeking. Materials: Focus group and individual interviews with patients, carers, healthcare staff, religious authorities, traditional healers and community members. Discussion: Four stages of help seeking were identified: (1) noticing symptoms and initial labelling, (2) collective decision-making, (3) spiritual diagnoses and treatment and (4) psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Spiritual diagnoses have the advantage of being less stigmatising, giving meaning to symp toms, and were seen to offer hope of cure rather than just symptom control. Patients and carers need help to integrate different explanatory models into a meaningful whole
Stateless Filipino Children in Modern Day Sabah: Issues of Concern and Responses of the State Government
Get PDFStateless children have been an ongoing issue specifically in Sabah state for years since independence in 1963. The civil war back in the late 1960s in Southern Philippines saw a tremendous number of refugees from the country seeking refuge in Sabah. They were among the earliest refugees from Mindanao that came to the state whose presence over the years has resulted in the rising number of stateless children of Filipino origin. Although being born and raised in Sabah, legally the children are not citizens of Sabah due to the absence of proper documentation of birth records or certificates. This paper is based on a qualitative study using content analysis. The analysis involves mainly secondary sources with the aim to shed light on the root cause of the issue and identify actions taken by the Sabah government towards finding solutions to the problem. In doing so, the study is assessed against the standpoint and response of the Sabah government, the background of Filipino migrants in Sabah and their stateless children, and the socio-economic and political contexts of the state as a whole. The findings indicate that the root cause of the issue is very complicated and despite some actions taken by the Sabah government, the matter continues to persist affecting not only the refugees and their stateless children but the local people and state of Sabah. Finally, the paper ends with some recommendations i.e. several proposed actions to be taken by relevant parties so that the issue which has been ongoing for decades in Sabah and affected the lives of so many children could be finally solved
Stateless Filipino children in modern day Sabah: issues of concern and responses of the state government
Get PDFStateless children have been an ongoing issue specifically in Sabah state for years since independence in 1963. The civil war back in the late 1960s in Southern Philippines saw a tremendous number of refugees from the country seeking refuge in Sabah. They were among the earliest refugees from Mindanao that came to the state whose presence over the years has resulted in the rising number of stateless children of Filipino origin. Although being born and raised in Sabah, legally the children are not citizens of Sabah due to the absence of proper documentation of birth records or certificates. This paper is based on a qualitative study using content analysis. The analysis involves mainly secondary sources with the aim to shed light on the root cause of the issue and identify actions taken by the Sabah government towards finding solutions to the problem. In doing so, the study is assessed against the standpoint and response of the Sabah government, the background of Filipino migrants in Sabah and their stateless children, and the socio-economic and political contexts of the state as a whole. The findings indicate that the root cause of the issue is very complicated and despite some actions taken by the Sabah government, the matter continues to persist affecting not only the refugees and their stateless children but the local people and state of Sabah. Finally, the paper ends with some recommendations i.e. several proposed actions to be taken by relevant parties so that the issue which has been ongoing for decades in Sabah and affected the lives of so many children could be finally solved
The Kadazans and Sabah Politics
No full textThe Kadazans - the indigenous non-Muslim tribal people of what was North Borneo under Chartered Company rule and is now Sabah, a state of Malaysia - have for the most part throughout their history been governed by others than themselves. Before European contact Muslim overlords from Brunei or the Sulu archipelago exercised a tenuous sovereignty; the London-based Chartered Company was concerned to extract wealth for shareholders and to keep the indigenes quiescent; and since the formation of Malaysia, with the covert or overt support of the federal government in Kuala Lumpur, for the greater part of the time Muslim rule has prevailed. This thesis is a detailed examination of the last quarter-of-a-century's political life in Sabah, with particular reference to the role of the Kadazan community therein. The growth of Kadazan consciousness or "nationalism" is traced, and the evolution of their political parties and fortunes. Political and socio-economic developments within the state are linked always to the federal framework within which they take place and must be understood. The author has been and is a participant-observer in the history with which he deals having been both newspaper editor and Radio Sabah commentator; back-bench M.P. in opposition and front-bench Cabinet Minister in Government; grass roots activist in villages and legal advisor to the present Government of Sabah headed by a Kadazan, Datuk Joseph Pairin Kitingan
Assessment of Covariance Estimation through Least Squares Collocation over Iran
Get PDFIn our previous work [Ramouz et al. 2018], during the gravity field determination via Least Squares Collocation
(LSC) in Iran, it was detected that localizing covariance modeling shows better performance than using one
uniform covariance for all the under investigation regions. Now the question is which criteria should be used for
dividing the region into subareas for localization the covariance estimation? Tscherning et al. 1994 stated that data
distribution could significantly affect the covariance estimation and consequently the LSC gravity modeling. As
Iran has a rough topography and at the same time suffers from lack of a good coverage and homogenous terrestrial
gravity network, covariance analysis in this area is not a trivial task.
Four local case studies with different roughness and data distributions but with the same window size were
selected. In each case study and based on Remove – Restore technique, the global and topographic parts of the
gravity signal were removed from the observations. To do so, global gravity model EIGEN-6C4 up to d/o 360
and RTM method with the topographic information supplied by SRTM 1 arc-second height model, were used
respectively. After that, residual gravity anomalies went through analytical covariance estimation by make use of
Tscherning – Rapp 1974 covariance model.
Indeed, covariance estimation in LSC method consists of two steps: calculation of an empirical covariance function
from the residual gravity anomalies, and fitting an analytical covariance model to it. In this study, we focus on the
considerations about data and its distribution which must be taken into account during empirical and analytical
covariance determination. In case of not well-distributed input data, excavating analytical covariance model
parameters is a challenging task. In some cases, this sensitivity causes difficulty even in choosing initial values for
inverse adjustment of these parameters, which improper initial values lead to wrong parameters selections. Also,
the distribution of data in each case study was manipulated to analyze its influence on the covariance estimation.
To make an assessment, in each case study, the residual gravity anomalies were split into two datasets; first as
observations input for LSC, and the second, as control points to evaluate the accuracy of the LSC gravity modeling
and the covariance estimation. Then the interdependency and effect of Tscherning – Rapp covariance model
parameters on the covariance estimation were investigated in each case study. Evaluation of the results in the case
studies shows that the accuracy of the gravity modeling, directly dependent on the distribution of the data and
the roughness of the topography, among other parameters. Finally, enhancing the covariance estimation based
on presented approach, lead to about 10% improvement of the accuracy in terms of STD through LSC gravity
modeling
Peyam-ı Sabah (11306-11786 issues-study and selected texts)
No full text1 Ocak 1920 tarihinde yayın hayatına başlayan Peyam-ı Sabah gazetesi 14 Eylül 1922 tarihine kadar varlığını sürdürmüştür. Bu çalışmada konu edilen nüshalar 11 Mayıs 1921-14 Eylül 1922 tarihleri arasında yayımlanan 481 sayıdır. Gazete, Arap harflerinden Latin harflerine aktarılırken öncelikle içindekiler tablosu oluşturulmuş ardından yazar adı, konu ve türlerine göre bir tahlilî fihrist hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmamıza paralel olarak dil, edebiyat ve kültürel yazılar ağırlıklı olmak üzere seçilen 42 metin tamamıyla Latin harflerine aktarılarak Millî Mücadele yıllarının önemli yayın organlarından biri olan Peyam-ı Sabah gazetesinin sosyal bilimcilere katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde 11306-11786 arasındaki sayılarla kronolojik bir içindekiler tablosu oluşturulmuştur. İçindekiler tablosuna yazıların başlıkları, türü, yazı hakkında kısa bilgi ve varsa yazarı eklenmiştir. İkinci bölümde yazar adına göre alfabetik, türlerine göre ve son olarak konularına göre sınıflandırılarak tahlilî bir fihrist oluşturulmuştur. Üçüncü bölümde ise seçilen 42 metin konularına göre başlıklarda toplanmış ve Arap harflerinden Latin harflerine aktarılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuna araştırmacıların işlerini kolaylaştırmak adına bir dizin eklenmiştir. Bütün olarak bakıldığında bu çalışmayla Peyam-ı Sabah gazetesinin Türk gazeteciliğindeki önemini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Peyam-ı Sabah gazetesi, Millî Mücadele dönemi, Kurtuluş Savaşı, Ali Kemal, Bâb-ı Âli, Darülfünun.Peyam-ı Sabah newspaper, which started to be published on January 1, 1920, continued to exist until September 14, 1922. The copies in this study are 481 issues published between May 11, 1921 and September 14, 1922. While the newspaper was transferred from the Arabic letters to the Latin letters, a table of contents was first created and then an analytical index was prepared according to the author's name, subject and genre. In parallel with our study, 42 selected texts, mainly language, literature and cultural writings, were translated into Latin letters and Peyam-ı Sabah, which is one of the important publication organs of the National Struggle years, is aimed to contribute to social scientists. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, a chronological table of contents was created with the issues between 11306 and 11786. Titles of the writings, genre, brief information about the writing and the author (if any) were added to the table of contents. In the second part, an analytical index was created by classifying alphabetically by author name, by genre and finally by subjects. In the third part, 42 selected texts were collected under titles according to their subjects and transferred from Arabic letters to Latin letters. At the end of the study, an index was added to facilitate the work of the researchers. All in all, this study aims to reveal the importance of Peyam-ı Sabah newspaper in Turkish journalism. Key words: Peyam-ı Sabah newspaper, the period of National Struggle, the War of Independence, Ali Kemal, Bab-i Ali, Darülfünun
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