1,721,021 research outputs found
Achieving Energy Saving through Proxying Applications on behalf of Idle Devices
No full textSeveral studies in the past have revealed that network end user devices are left powered up 24/7 even when idle just for the sake of maintaining Internet connectivity. Network devices normally support low power states but are kept inactive due to their inability to maintain network connectivity. The Network Connectivity Proxy (NCP) has recently been proposed as an effective mechanism to impersonate network connectivity on behalf of high power devices and enable them to sleep when idle without losing network presence. The NCP can efficiently proxy basic networking protocol, however, proxying of Internet based applications have no absolute solution due to dynamic and non-predictable nature of the packets they are sending and receiving periodically. This paper proposes an approach for proxying Internet based applications and presents the basic software architectures and capabilities. Further, this paper also practically evaluates the proposed framework and analyzes expected energy savings achievable under-different realistic conditions
Assessing the Potential for Saving Energy by Impersonating Idle Networked Devices
Full text linkThe idea of proxying network connectivity has been proposed as an efficient mechanism to maintain network presence on behalf of idle devices, so that they can “sleep”. The concept has been around for many years; alternative architectural solutions have been proposed to implement it, which lead to different considerations about capability, effectiveness and energy efficiency. However, there is neither a clear understanding of the potential for energy saving nor a detailed performance comparison among the different proxy architectures. In this paper, we estimate the potential energy saving achievable by different architectural solutions for proxying network connectivity. Our work considers the trade-off between the saving achievable by putting idle devices to sleep and the additional power consumption to run the proxy. Our analysis encompasses a broad range of alternatives, taking into consideration both implementations already available in the market and prototypes built for research purposes. We remark that the main value of our work is the estimation under realistic conditions, taking into consideration power measurements, usage profiles and proxying capabilities
Design of UPnP based cooperative network connectivity proxy
No full textThe Internet connected edge devices require active
participation by generating and responding to routine applications/
protocols heart-beat messages. Failing to do this will result
in loss of their presence over the Internet. A huge amount of
energy is wasted every year to keep idle or unused network
hosts powered-up 24/7 only to maintain the network presence for
remote access, file sharing and other administrative management
reasons. Thus, reducing the energy waste of ICT is becoming
increasingly important due to rising costs of electricity, limited
natural resources and environmental concerns. This extended abstract
presents a new design of cooperative Network Connectivity
Proxy (NCP) to reduce the network energy consumption. The
NCP uses a low power entity that can maintain the network
presence for the high power devices and smartly allows them
to transition into low power sleep/active modes. The Universal
Plug and Play (UPnP) protocol, that allows seamless discovery
and communication between the network hosts can be wellsuited
approach for the design of NCP. All the hosts in the
local network can seamlessly interact and use the services offered
by the NCP. The UPnP based NCP includes a connectivity
management service that implements the key network presence
and management protocols like DHCP, ICMP, ARP etc. Thus,
the NCP can reduce the network energy consumption by 60 to
70% depending on the network host’s time usage model
Energy saving through intelligent coordination among daily used fixed and mobile devices
Full text linkNetwork end-user devices such as laptops and desktop PCs are often left powered ON 24/7 while they remain idle most of the time. The main reason behind this is maintaining network connectivity for remote access, VoIP, instant messaging and other Internet-based applications. The Network Connectivity Proxy (NCP) emerged as a quite promising strategy for significantly reducing network energy waste by allowing devices to sleep without losing their presence over Internet. It impersonates presence of devices during their sleeping periods at all layers of TCP/IP stack. The NCP can successfully proxy basic networking protocols (e.g., ARP, PING, DHCP, etc.) but faces challenges in proxying TCP sessions and proprietary closed-source applications with encrypted packets.To overcome the limitations of NCP concept, this paper proposes a new strategy for reducing network energy waste through intelligent coordination among a user's devices (e.g., smartphone, laptop, desktop PC, etc.). In the proposed system, a user's daily used devices autonomously and seamlessly communicate with a centralized control server that decides which user device will maintain presence of applications at a given instant. To allow devices to sleep and wake them up whenever necessary, the proposed system also uses a light-weight Home Gateway Proxy (HGP) with very basic set of practically realizable features. The communication framework for HGP is designed to achieve auto-discovery, seamless networking and communication features. This paper also practically evaluates the proposed system and estimates energy saving for fixed as well as mobile network devices
Saving Energy by Delegating Network Activity to Home Gateways
No full textToday, an ever-increasing number of devices has networking capability. The main implication of this fact is that such devices are often left fully powered yet idle just to maintain their network presence, hence leading to large energy waste. This ultimately results in higher electricity cost for consumers. This paper tackles an effective mechanism to reduce energy waste of consumer electronics, by boosting the usage of lowpower states available in most devices. The main concept is to delegate background networking routines to home gateways, which are today available in most homes and offices. The paper describes the functionality and the software architecture to be implemented by home gateways and consumer electronics, reports performance evaluation on a working prototype, and provides estimation of potential benefits for consumers
Network Connectivity Proxy: Architecture, Implementation, and Performance Analysis
No full textSeveral studies in the last decade have pointed out that many devices, such as computers, are often left powered on even when idle, just to make them available and reachable on the network, leading to large energy waste. The concept of network connectivity proxy (NCP) has been proposed as an effective means to improve energy efficiency. It impersonates the presence of networked devices that are temporally unavailable, by carrying out background networking routines on their behalf. Hence, idle devices could be put into low-power states and save energy. Several architectural alternatives and the applicability of this concept to different protocols and applications have been investigated. However, there is no clear understanding of the limitations and issues of this approach in current networking scenarios. This paper extends the knowledge about the NCP by defining an extended set of tasks that the NCP can carry out, by introducing a suitable communication interface to control NCP operation, and by designing, implementing, and evaluating a functional prototype
Design and Implementation of Cooperative Network Connectivity Proxy Using Universal Plug and Play
No full textReducing the network energy waste is one of the key challenges of the Future Internet. Many Internet-based applications require preserving network connectivity for getting incoming remote service requests or confirming their availability and presence to remote peers by sending periodic keep-alive or heart-beating messages. Billions of dollars of electricity is wasted every year to keep idle or unused network hosts fully powered-up only to maintain the network connectivity. This paper describes a new approach to design and implement the cooperative Network Connectivity Proxy (NCP) for reducing energy waste in the ever-growing future Internet. The NCP is implemented using Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), that uses a set of protocols to allow seamless discovery and interaction between the network hosts and the NCP. The NCP allows all registered network hosts to transition into the low power sleep modes and maintains the network connectivity on their behalf. It handles basic network presence and management protocols like ICMP, DHCP, ARP etc on behalf of the sleeping network hosts and wakes them up only when their resources are required. Depending on the network hosts time usage model, the NCP can provide about 60 to 70% network energy savings
Smart proxying: An optimal strategy for improving battery life of mobile devices
No full textImproving energy efficiency of mobile devices is one of the main challenges to extend the battery life. The Wireless Network Interface Card (WNIC) or 3G is usually considered as primary source of energy consumption. To reduce the energy consumption, different proxying schemes have been proposed in literature mostly focusing on increasing WNIC idle periods through traffic shaping, reducing number of bits transmitted/received through compression techniques and putting WNIC or even the mobile device itself into sleep mode whenever possible. This paper presents the possible smart proxying schemes for mobile devices and particularly focuses on the Network Connectivity Proxy (NCP) which impersonates the mobile devices during their sleep periods and maintains their network presence. Till now the proxying schemes have only been considered for static networks without taking into account the mobility of mobile devices. This paper proposes possible proxy architectural designs in order to support host's mobility. Further, challenges and issues with each architectural design and possible solutions to tackle with those challenges have also been addressed
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