56 research outputs found
Recent advances in mitigating fusion zone softening during laser welding of Al-Si coated 22MnB5 press-hardened steels
No full textThe automotive industry is seeking reduced vehicle weight and improved safety of newer generation vehicles to meet global zero-emission targets. Tailor-welded blanks offer a solution to meet this demand by producing lightweight yet strong components, such as the B-pillar, using laser-welded press-hardened steels. The laser welding of Al-Si coated PHSs causes the coating to be diluted into the melt pool which can cause premature failure due to the presence of a softer ferrite phase in an otherwise martensitic joint. Currently, laser ablation is used to remove the Al-Si layer prior to welding, but other techniques have been proposed which can potentially bypass the need to remove the coating and instead, welding directly through the coating. This study examines the problem of fusion zone softening during the laser welding of Al-Si coated 22MnB5 and discusses recently proposed novel solutions that can solve the issue without the prior removal of the Al-Si coating before welding or using expensive filler materials during welding. The paper concludes with several viable recommendations for future work that can be used as potential directions for further research
Improving the multiscale morphological and mechanical properties of laser welded Al-Si coated 22MnB5 press-hardened steels
No full textIn the automotive industry, the demand for reduced vehicle weight, improved safety and enhanced crashworthiness qualities continues to rise which introduces the need for parts and components with tailored properties. This demand can be met by making use of tailor-welded blanks (TWBs), which allow the production of highly optimized and complex components that are simultaneously lightweight and exceptionally strong. An example of this type of component is the B-pillar which is produced by laser-welding different types of press-hardened steels (PHSs) to offer increased elongation properties where improved energy absorption is required, while also providing an increased yield strength where preservation of structural integrity under high dynamic load is required. Parts produced using TWBs offer many different advantages like weight reduction, part consolidation, and improved part performance.
The laser welding of Al-Si coated PHSs to produce TWBs is known to cause the formation of a softer ferrite phase in the welded joint due to the mixing of the Al-Si coating in the molten weld pool. It has been shown that the formation of this phase is the principal reason for premature failure of these laser-welded joints. Industry is currently removing the Al-Si layer prior to welding using laser ablation but other techniques have been developed to weld through the coating by either using secondary or modified coatings. This thesis reviews the existing literature on the problems associated with the laser welding of Al-Si coated 22MnB5 steel and several recent solutions to this problem will be discussed. As part of this research, several novel solutions to solve the problem of weld softening have been considered. It has been observed that for certain given conditions, welding through a secondary or modified coating made of austenite stabilizing elements decreases the ferrite content and increases the strength of the weld without the need to remove the Al-Si coating prior to welding. The final chapter of this thesis discusses the effect of alloying Ni with 22MnB5 on the morphology, crystallography, and mechanical properties of the steel to offer insights into potential advancements in the development of new press-hardened steels. The thesis concludes with several recommendations for future work
Optimizing exploration parameter in dueling deep Q-networks for complex gaming environment
No full textReinforcement Learning is being used to solve various tasks. A Complex Environment is a recent problem at hand for Reinforcement Learning, which employs an Agent who interacts with the surroundings and learns to solve whatever task has to be done. To solve a Complex Environment efficiently using a Reinforcement Learning Agent, a lot of parameters are to be kept in perspective. Every action that the Agent takes has a consequence in the form of a Reward Function. Based on the value of this Reward Function, our Agent develops a Policy to solve the Environment. The Policy is generally developed to maximize the Reward Functions. The Optimal Policy employs an Exploration Strategy which is used by the Agent. Reinforcement Learning Architectures are relying on the Policy and Exploration Strategy of the Agent to solve the Environment efficiently. This research is based upon two parts. Firstly, the optimization of a Deep Reinforcement Learning Architecture “Dueling Deep Q-Network” is conducted by improving its Exploration strategy. It combines a recent and novel Exploration technique, Curiosity Driven Intrinsic Motivation, with the Dueling DQN. The performance of this Curious Dueling DQN is checked by comparing it with the existing Dueling DQN. Secondly, the performance of the Curious Dueling DQN is validated against Noisy Dueling DQN, a combination of Dueling DQN with another recent exploration strategy called Noisy Nets, hence, finding an optimal exploration strategy. The performance of both solutions is evaluated in the environment of Super Mario Bros based on Mean Score and Estimation Loss. The proposed model improves the Mean Score by 3 folds, while the loss is increased by 28%
Folio
No full textPlatinum EditionGod Bless Them! pp. 1; In Memory of Prof. Khurshid A. Gill. pp. 2; Sandhu, M. Y.-Poetry-Memories of the Bye-gones. pp. 2; Arif Qureshi-In dulcet memory... pp. 3-4; Arif Qureshi-Poetry-Reminiscences. pp. 4; Ravia Shabeen-The Folio (Registering its History). pp. 5-6; Folio (Year by Year). pp. 7-8; Interview-The Living Legend (F.E. Chaudhry is the oldest Formanite alive, to the best of our knowledge). pp. 9-10; Interview-An Hour with Mian Muhammad Somroo. pp. 11-12; Zainab Mohsin-Buildings. pp. 13-14; Agha Mohsin Sohail-Formanites Are Great. pp. 15-17; Once A Formanite... Always A Formanite. pp. 18-20; Haque Nawaz Cheema-Love for my Institution. pp. 21; Agha Saeed-Old is Gold, New is Silver. pp. 22; Lamia Islam Khan-My Favourite Place. pp. 23; Sara Kanwal-Motivation Forever. pp. 24-25; Bilkis Hussain-Before Sunset. pp. 26; Farid A. Malik-Back to 1958. pp. 27-28; The Excellers. pp. 29-30; Position Holders (Convocation 2008). pp. 31; Survey. pp. 33-34; Donald Alfred Smith-Poetry-A Valentine. pp. 35; Easha Farooq-Love - A Human Need. pp. 36; Fatima Majeed-Defining Love. pp. 37; Bahawal Shehryar-A Fundamentalist. pp. 38; Farhat Aziz-Essay-Concept of Love in Christianity and Islam. pp. 39-40; Fatima Tahir-Mother's Love. pp. 41; Rabiya Khawar-A Blessing for the Two Worlds. pp. 42; Anam Khalid-Etymology of Love. pp. 43; Noor Nisha-Beauty of Love. pp. 44; Ayesha Rana-The Ultimate Aim. pp. 45; Madiha Sundas Rana-I Love thee for a Heart that is Kind. pp. 46; Rabiya Khawar-True Love Never Dies. pp. 47; Amina Jamil-Love - A Timeless Essence. pp. 48; Farhan Hashmi-Love Its Immortal. pp. 49; Kashifa Khalid-A Quest. pp. 50; Daud Aziz Khokher-Love!!! pp. 51-52; Bilkis Hussain-The Truth about Love!!! pp. 53; Alvi, M. 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They are made. pp. 131-132; Fraaz Mehmud-Romanticism as a Pillar of Nationalism. pp. 133-134; Fizza Ali Shah-Is mobile phone use among youngsters really a menace? pp. 135-136; Mehreen Ali Kasana-One Muffled Scream. pp. 137-138; Kamal ud Din-Dr. Kamal ud Din. pp. 139-140; Miss Zara Hussain. pp. 141; Miss Saima Saleem. pp. 142; Beenish Khokhar-Unforgettable Tour. pp. 143-144; Rizwan Kamran-The Teacher. pp. 145; Maryam Azhar-IT: A New, Challenging Dimension. pp. 146-148; Folio [Urdu] 148 p.Editorial Board (English). 2 pages before Editorial; Advisory Board. 1 page before Editorial; Prof. Khurshid A. Gill & Mr Perviaz Rehmatullah. page 1; F. E. Chaudhry. after page 10; Mian Muhammad Somroo. before page 11; Society Presidents. before page 29; Political Cartoons created by Javed Iqbal (Famous Cartoonist). on 2 pages, after page 79; 20 pages of pictures, Memories, Commencement 2008: Convocation, Valedictory 2009, Sports Day, Line Work, The Story of Yester Years, People Who Make Difference, Campus Life, Societies, Drama. after page 148; Folio Team with Prof Dr K. K. Aziz. after page 8 (Urdu side); Editorial Board (Urdu). 1 page before Urdu Content
Study on Zero-Crossing-Based ADCs for Smart Dust Applications
No full textThe smart dust concept is a fairly recent phenomenon to engineering. It assumes monitoring of a real natural environment in which motes or smart dust machines swarm in collective and coordinate information among themselves and/or to a backend control platform. In analog mixed signal field work on such devices is gaining momentum such that it is conceived to be one of the emerging fields in technology, and work was only possible once the technology for fabrication touched the nanoscale regions. Smart dust network involves remote devices connected in a hive sensing burst type datum signals from the environment and relaying information amongst themselves in an energy efficient manner to coordinate an appropriate response to a detected stimulus. The project presumed a RF based communication strategy for coordination amongst the devices through a wireless medium. That is less susceptible to stringent requirements of LOS and a base band processing system that comprised of an environment sensor, an AFE module, an ADC, a DSP and a DAC. Essentially a 10 bit, 2 Mega Hertz MHz pipelined ADC implemented in a STM 65nm technology. The ADC benefits the smart dust device in allowing it to process data in an energy efficient way and also focusing on reduced complexity as itsdesign feature. While it differs in the other ADC of the system by operating at a higher frequency and assuming a different design philosophy assuming a coherent system sensitive to a clock. The thesis work assumes that various features ofenergy harvesting, regulation and power management present in the smart dustmote would enable the system to contain such a diverse ADC. The ADCs output digital datum would be compatible to the rest of the design modules consisting mainly of DSP sections. The ADC novelty is based on the fact that it removes the necessity of employing a high power consuming OpAmp whose design parameters become more complex as technology scales to the nanoscale era and further down. A systematic, bottom up, test driven approach to design is utilized and various behaviours of the system are captured in Cadence design environment with verilogto layout models and MATLAB and Simulink models
Social Media Exploitation among Students of Library and Information Science in Pakistan
No full textIntroduction The main theme of the study is to investigate the usage of social media among the student of Department of Library and Information Science.
Objectives To examines the most useable social media applications, purpose of their use and impacts of social media.
Method Structured questionnaire was distributed among 208 students through personal visits and emails.
Results The study determines that Facebook was the frequently useable application among these students. The majority of the students used social media for academic and entertainment purposes.
Conclusion The study concluded that the social media has positive impacts on the studies of the students
Pakistan cotton survey 2014, round 1.3
No full textThe dataset "Pakistan Cotton Survey 2014, Round 1.3" was collected to inform the research study that examines the efficiency of markets for cotton seed in Pakistan with particular emphasis on the market for genetically modified cotton seed embodying insect-resistance traits from the soil bacterium Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) that have been conferred through genetic modification.
The survey was designed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and implemented by Innovative Development Studies (IDS). It collected data on the harvest from each picking and the total sales of cotton. Round 1.3 was implemented between January-February in 2014, immediately after the last harvest. Data were collected from the households sampled in Round 1.1. Of the original sample of 728 households, 46 chose not to grow cotton in kharif 2013, 70 lost their crops to flood or other natural disasters, four migrated and eight dropped out in the second- or third-round surveys.PSSP; IFPRI1EPTD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Hydrodynamic description of a vibrofluidized granular bed driven at high frequency
No full textResults are reported for a dry granular bed vertically excited at high and low frequencies with constant peak base velocity. Previous experimental data sets using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance are used for comparison at low (~38 Hz) and high (~11 kHz) vibration frequencies. Packing fractions and granular temperatures are compared against hydrodynamic and molecular dynamics simulation models. At low frequency hydrodynamic and MD simulations results show the presence of a heat wave. Whilst at high frequencies soft sphere potential based MD simulations highlight the role of finite duration collisions between particles and the vibrating wall. In this region the timescales of vibration and collision duration are not well separated, as observed in experimental results
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