20 research outputs found
Kolaborasi Hulagu Khan dan Nasiruddin At-Tusi terhadap Pengembangan Dunia Islam Pasca Runtuhnya Dinasti Abbasiyah
No full textSkripsi ini berjudul Kolaborasi Hulagu Khan dan Nasiruddin At-Tusi Terhadap Pengembangan Dunia Islam Pasca Runtuhnya Dinasti Abbasiyah. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kolaborasi Hulagu Khan dan Nasiruddin At-Tusi terhadap pengembangan dunia Islam pasca penaklukan Baghdad yang meliputi tokoh-tokoh yang berperan dalam hal tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Sejarah dan menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research). Adapun urutan penelitian ini adalah Heuristik, kritik sumber, Interpretasi dan Historiografi. Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian ini adalah mengemukanya dua tokoh utama dalam pengembangan dunia Islam pasca takluknya kota Baghdad yaitu Hulagu Khan seorang panglima perang pasukan Mongol dan Nasiruddin At-Tusi seorang ilmuwan multi-talenta. Kedua tokoh ini bertemu pada saat penaklukan benteng Alamut oleh bangsa Mongol. Nasiruddin At-Tusi merupakan tahanan di benteng tersebut akhirnya di bebaskan. Hulagu Khan melihat dalam diri At-Tusi memiliki kecerdasan dan pandai bertutur kata di atas rata-rata orang awam, selanjutnya mengangkat At-Tusi menjadi penasehat pribadinya. Kolaborasi antara Hulagu Khan dan Nasiruddin At-Tusi pada akhirnya membuat dunia Islam mampu berkembang kembali
Chemical composition of wet precipitation of air pollutants: A case study in Karachi, Pakistan
No full textAbstractAir pollution has been considered one of the most important environmental challenges because of its direct effect on ecosystems and human health. Temporal changes in the composition of 20 samples of rainwater in the arid region of Karachi, Pakistan during the southwest monsoon of 2009 have been monitored to carry out the indirect assessment of air quality. The study has been fulfilled with the aim of identifying the level of air pollution, and the relative contribution of possible anthropogenic activities. Metal ions were analyzed to predict health risks. Rain samples were found to be alkaline (pH 5.55-7.55) due to the influence of calcium and magnesium rich particles. Continuous rains in consecutive days showed a remarkable decline in air pollution while the dry season boosted up the level of pollution. Strong correlations of total dissolved solids with K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl− were observed. A relatively weak correlation of total suspended particles with metals showed the possibility of some other particulate matters being suspended in the air. Principal component analysis and analysis of means were used to predict the anthropogenic source of pollution. This study will be helpful to formulate strategic planning and policies for controlling the level of air pollution in the city
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WET PRECIPITATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS: A CASE STUDY IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN
No full textAir pollution has been considered one of the most important environmental challenges because of its direct effect on ecosystems and human health. Temporal changes in the composition of 20 samples of rainwater in the arid region of Karachi, Pakistan during the southwest monsoon of 2009 have been monitored to carry out the indirect assessment of air quality. The study has been fulfilled with the aim of identifying the level of air pollution, and the relative contribution of possible anthropogenic activities. Metal ions were analyzed to predict health risks. Rain samples were found to be alkaline (pH 5.55-7.55) due to the influence of calcium and magnesium rich particles. Continuous rains in consecutive days showed a remarkable decline in air pollution while the dry season boosted up the level of pollution. Strong correlations of total dissolved solids with K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl-were observed. A relatively weak correlation of total suspended particles with metals showed the possibility of some other particulate matters being suspended in the air. Principal component analysis and analysis of means were used to predict the anthropogenic source of pollution. This study will be helpful to formulate strategic planning and policies for controlling the level of air pollution in the city.La contaminación atmosférica se ha considerado como uno de los desafíos ambientales más importantes a causa de su impacto directo en los ecosistemas y la salud humana. Se monitorearon los cambios temporales en la composición de 20 muestras de agua de lluvia en la región árida de Karachi, Pakistán, durante el monzón del suroeste de 2009, para evaluar de forma indirecta la calidad del aire. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los niveles de la contaminación atmosférica y su posible componente antropogénico. Se analizaron los iones de metales con el fin de predecir riesgos para la salud. Se encontró que las muestras de lluvia fueron alcalinas (pH 5.55-7.55) debido a la presencia de partículas ricas en calcio y magnesio. Las lluvias continuas en días consecutivos mostraron un descenso notable en los niveles de contaminación, en tanto que la estación seca los potenció. Se observaron correlaciones importantes del total de sólidos disueltos con K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ y Cl-, así como una correlación relativamente débil del total de partículas suspendidas con los metales, lo que sugiere la presencia de otras partículas suspendidas en el aire. Se utilizaron análisis de componentes principales y de medias para predecir fuentes antropogénicas de contaminación. Este estudio será útil para definir la planeación estratégica y formular políticas orientadas a controlar los nivel de contaminación atmosférica en la ciudad
Rheological characterization of vegetable oil blends: Effect of shear rate, temperature, and short‐term heating
No full textKinetics, mechanistic and synergistic studies of Alpha lipoic acid with hydrogen peroxide
No full textAbstractAlpha lipoic acid (ALA) holds redox behavior that was observed in the presence of different metals utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a strong oxidizing agent. The effects of different parameters like temperature, pH and concentrations were also monitored.ALA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) showed oxidation as well as degradation processes. To monitor the oxidation kinetics of ALA in the presence of different essential metals to find its reaction pathway using salt affect parameters.The redox behavior of Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) was found to be significant at pH ranging from 4 to 10, at 29°C in a given pseudo first order reaction conditions. The values of the rate constant in the presence of different essential metals such as Mo, Se, Co, Cr, Fe, and Zn were also obtained. Furthermore, synergistic effects were observed in the presence of Mo6+ and Fe2+ at all applied conditions.Activation energy of ALA oxidation is 36.7kJ whereas in the presence of Fe2+ its activation energy went up to 48kJ; however, in the presence of Mo6+ the activation energy drops to 18.3kJ. In the presence of Fe2+ and Mo6+ the synergistic effect works and its activation energy became 36.5kJ. The reaction mechanism was also proposed
Study of electrolytic effect on the interaction between anionic surfactant and methylene blue using spectrophotometric and conductivity methods
No full textSurfactant‐Mediated Catalytic Determination of Fe(II) in Herbal and Pharmaceutical Products
No full textEco-friendly, biodegradable natural surfactant ( Acacia Concinna ): An alternative to the synthetic surfactants
No full textA Novel Adaptive Control Algorithm in application to a humanoid robot arm
No full textA novel adaptive control algorithm was proposed and implemented in real-time on 2 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of the humanoid Bristol-Elumotion-Robotic-Torso II (BERT II) arm in joint-space. The algorithm features a sliding-mode term based adaptive law that captures directly the parameter estimation error. By virtue of an introduced auxiliary filtered regression matrix, vector and filtered computed torque, parameter error convergence to zero can be guaranteed with a Persistent-Excitation(p.e.) condition ensured within finite-time. It will be shown practically that the parameter estimation algorithm can improve tracking in comparison to the usual tracking error based parameter estimation schemes.A novel adaptive control algorithm was proposed and implemented in real-time on 2 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of the humanoid Bristol-Elumotion-Robotic-Torso II (BERT II) arm in joint-space. The algorithm features a sliding-mode term based adaptive law that captures directly the parameter estimation error. By virtue of an introduced auxiliary filtered regression matrix, vector and filtered computed torque, parameter error convergence to zero can be guaranteed with a Persistent-Excitation(p.e.) condition ensured within finite-time. It will be shown practically that the parameter estimation algorithm can improve tracking in comparison to the usual tracking error based parameter estimation schemes
Urbanization growth dynamic model of metropolitan city Karachi
No full textThe city Karachi has grown from a small fishing village to the enormous
metropolis and now becomes the biggest and most industrialized city of Pakistan due to its
multi-ethnic character. It population now exceeds 12 million (approximately) and its current
growing rate is about 5% per year. This phenomenal, growth of the metropolitan city
affects nomads as well as high class society and covers almost all aspect of life such as
social, economical, political, sociological, psychological etc. This unchecked increase
becomes the origin of the problems of slums, katchi abaadis, and encroachment. It has
been estimated that one-third of the total population resides in squatter settlements and
slums which results in chronic shortage of dwelling units, water supply, public transport,
and civic amenities such as schools, hospitals , parks and playgrounds. This rapid growth
of population is a burning issue for developing and governmental agencies. In this study
attempts has been made to provide a systematic analysis of the population growth in the
metropolitan city Karachi and model have been constructed by using the available
demographic data. Finding of this model will serve as a basis for making planning to
control rate of population growth in both Urban and Rural areas and develop a strategy to
attain higher level of structural change of urbanization
