5 research outputs found
Effects of cadmium on killifish from mangrove area Sandspit at Karachi coast
No full textTo determine the effect of cadmium on killifish collected from sandspit
Karachi Coast. In the experiment the different doses used i.e. 2.5, 5, 10 and 20ppm show
a gradual increase in percent mortality with increase in the dose. These percent
mortalities were statistically analysed which indicate that mortality rises with increase in
concentration of solution, Cd compound. The result were analysed with probit analysis
and probit mortality. The LD50 of Cd was found to be 16.3ppm at 72 hours post
treatment where as LT50 cd was found to be 94.1 hours at 10ppm dose respectively
Effects of cadmium on killifish from mangrove area Sandspit at Karachi coast
No full textTo determine the effect of cadmium on killifish collected from sandspitKarachi Coast. In the experiment the different doses used i.e. 2.5, 5, 10 and 20ppm showa gradual increase in percent mortality with increase in the dose. These percentmortalities were statistically analysed which indicate that mortality rises with increase inconcentration of solution, Cd compound. The result were analysed with probit analysisand probit mortality. The LD50 of Cd was found to be 16.3ppm at 72 hours posttreatment where as LT50 cd was found to be 94.1 hours at 10ppm dose respectively
Modern Trends in Western Criticism: مغربی تنقید کے جدید رجحانات
No full textWestren New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory. New criticism developed as a reaction to the older philological and literary history that dominated literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century, which focused on the history and meaning of individual words and their relation to foreign and ancient languages, comparative sources, and the biographical circumstances of the others. The new critics felt that this approach tended to distract from the text and meaning of a poem and entirely neglect its aesthetic qualities in favor of teaching about external factors. New criticism believed the structure and meaning of the text were intimately connected and should not be analyzed separately. In order to bring the focus of literary studies back to analysis of the texts. The new critics also looked for paradox, paradox, ambiguity, irony, and tension to help establish the single best and most unified interpretation of the text.
Reference:
Sajjad Baqir Rizvi, Dr, Critical Principles of the West, Islamabad: Moqtadra Qaumi Language, 2002, p: 7
Atiqullah, Professor, The Tradition of Criticism in the Maghreb, Lahore: Haqq Publications, 2018, p: 402
Ibid
Asghar Ali Baloch, Dr, Essay, A Brief Review of Some Important Critical Schools, Content: Criticism Past, Present and Future, Author: Dr. Mushtaq Adil, Sahiwal: Farogh Zaban Publishers, p: 84
Atiqullah, Professor, The Tradition of Criticism in the West, pp. 243-244
Ibid
Jameel Jalbi, Ph.D., Eliot's Essays, Contents, From Aristotle to Eliot, Islamabad: National Book Foundation, 2015, P.: 178
Salim Akhtar, Dr, Creative Personalities and Criticism, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 1989, p: 513
. Zirmunskij, Voprosy Teorie, Literary {Leningrad}1928, pp.8-9
Hamid Kashmiri, Dr, Tafheem wa Naqeed, Critical Essays, Lahore: Famous Book Depot, S.N, p:621
North Roop Fry, Objections to New Criticism, Lahore: Modern Publications House, 2020, p: 34
Roland Barthes, Objections to New Criticism, Preston University Press, p.7
Reuse of wastewater for irrigation purposes | JBES 2021 by INNSPUB
No full textAt present no Macrophyte WSP system under study in many of developing countries like Pakistan, so for promotion of macrophytes based WSP system, detailed pilot scale studies is needed for treating wastewater that can be used for irrigation purposes. In near future, water scarcity is expected all over the world so efforts should be made to address this issue, as most of economy of our country is dependent on agriculture. The aims of this study is to reduce and evaluate the different parameters of domestic wastewater by treating it with macrophtes WSP system with different Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) so that wastewater can be used for irrigation purposes as per FAO Irrigation Water Quality Guidelines. A macrophytes WSP system model was designed /operated for five experimental runs with each run comprising of different HRT i.e. 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. For treating wastewater, locally available Macrophyte specie Duckweed was used. The different parameters used in this study were; ECw , TDS, SAR, Sodium, Chloride, Boron, Nitrate, Bicarbonate, pH and F Coliform. The average reduction in values of different parameters of wastewater at the start of each run was 31.96%, 31.96%, 42.51%, 31.00%, 22.86%, 34.52%, 30.23%, 50.23%, 20.02% and 41.39% for ECw, TDS, SAR, Sodium, Chloride, Boron, Nitrate, Bicarbonate, pH and F Caliform respectively. After treating wastewater with 10 days HRT, the values of different parameters of wastewater was within the range of FAO guidelines with slight to moderate degree of restriction on use.
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) is a fast and peer-reviewed journal and is scheduled to publish 12 issues in a year. It publishes original research papers, short communications, and review papers on the main aspects of Environmental Sciences
Real-world impact of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy on bladder cancer survival: a 20-year study
No full textBackground Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for cT2-4aN0M0 bladder cancer (BCa) patients candidates for radical cystectomy (RC). This study examines changes in NAC administration over time and its impact on survival within a large, real-world multicenter cohort. Methods Our analysis included cT2-4aN0M0 BCa patients from 23 tertiary referral centers who underwent RC and pelvic lymph-node dissection with or without NAC administration between 2004 and 2024. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to analyze the temporal trend of NAC administration and pathological complete response rates (pT0) over time. Subsequently, we relied on 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) for age, sex, cT stage, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and smoking habit. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) model addressed the association of pT0 and NAC exposure. Survival analyses consisted of Kaplan-Meier plots (KM) and multivariable Cox regression models (MCR) addressing cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and overall mortality (OM) according to NAC exposure. Results Overall, 3,138 patients were identified. Of these, 859 (27%) received NAC. NAC implementation increased substantially from 2004 to 2024 (EAPC: + 9.2%, p < 0.001), as well as pT0 rates (EAPC: + 7.6, p < 0.001). After 1:1 PSM (847 NAC + vs. 847 NAC-), MLR showed NAC as the strongest predictor of pT0 (OR: 2.89, p < 0.001). KM estimated 5-year CSM and OM rates of 22.5% versus 31.3% and 23.6 versus 34.5% in NAC + versus NAC-, respectively.At MCR, NAC exposure was associated with lower CSM (HR: 0.90, p = 0.01) and OM (HR:0.85, p = 0.001) rates relative to their unexposed counterparts. Conclusions The current study demonstrated a significant increase in NAC administration over time, accompanied by higher rates of pT0 as well as improved survival among NAC-treated patients. The major limitation is represented by the retrospective nature of the study
