48 research outputs found
翻訳抑制によるオートファージ関連遺伝子のｍRNAの安定化
No full text京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医科学)甲第16458号医科博第28号新制||医科2(附属図書館)29100京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻(主査)教授 萩原 正敏, 教授 長田 重一, 教授 楠見 明弘学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDA
Relevance of autophagy to fatty liver diseases and potential therapeutic applications
No full textAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-mediated cellular degradation program. Accumulating evidence shows that autophagy is important to the maintenance of liver homeostasis. Autophagy involves recycling of cellular nutrients recycling as well as quality control of subcellular organelles. Autophagy deficiency in the liver causes various liver pathologies. Fatty liver disease (FLD) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes and the dysfunction in energy metabolism. Autophagy is negatively affected by the pathogenesis of FLD and the activation of autophagy could ameliorate steatosis, which suggests a potential therapeutic approach to FLD. In this review, we will discuss autophagy and its relevance to liver diseases, especially FLD. In addition, we will discuss recent findings on potential therapeutic applications of autophagy modulators for FLD
Autophagy in Alcoholic Liver Disease, Self-eating Triggered by Drinking
No full textMacroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. It is important for normal cellular function and also plays critical roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of a number of human diseases. In alcohol-induced liver disease, autophagy is a protective mechanism against the liver injury caused by alcohol. Autophagy is activated in acute ethanol treatment but could be suppressed in chronic and/or high dose treatment of alcohol. The selective removal of lipid droplets and/or damaged mitochondria is likely the major mode of autophagy in reducing liver injury. Understanding the dynamics of the autophagy process and the approach to modulate autophagy could help finding new ways to battle against alcohol-induced liver injury
Role of High-Mobility Group Box-1 in Liver Pathogenesis
No full textHigh-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly abundant DNA-binding protein that can relocate to the cytosol or undergo extracellular release during cellular stress or death. HMGB1 has a functional versatility depending on its cellular location. While intracellular HMGB1 is important for DNA structure maintenance, gene expression, and autophagy induction, extracellular HMGB1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule to alert the host of damage by triggering immune responses. The biological function of HMGB1 is mediated by multiple receptors, including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are expressed in different hepatic cells. Activation of HMGB1 and downstream signaling pathways are contributing factors in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and drug-induced liver injury (DILI), each of which involves sterile inflammation, liver fibrosis, ductular reaction, and hepatic tumorigenesis. In this review, we will discuss the critical role of HMGB1 in these pathogenic contexts and propose HMGB1 as a bona fide and targetable DAMP in the setting of common liver diseases
Community art as an element of civic and cultural education in the Netherlands
No full textIn this paper the author presents the community art as an example of practices that can be perceived as the element of both cultural as well as civic education. While stressing the pragmatic approaches and practice-oriented methods of teaching and learning in the Netherlands, the author presents shortly the formal premises of both types of education. Then the practice of community art has been described and analysed. The description is based on ethnographic study conducted in one of the Dutch cities. This piece of research is pertained to the street theatre and pantomimic visual art. In her analyses, the author highlights the potential of community art to rising both the civic and cultural awareness of community art participants. The paper also aims to show that community art fulfills not only the educational but also political role in the Netherlands being perceived as rightful partner of professional arts
Modulation of Autophagy Affects the Hepatic Pathology in Alcoholic and Non‐alcoholic Liver Diseases
No full textTh e role of career counsellors in the Netherlands from the perspective of structuration theory
No full textIn this paper the author presents some part of her own research conducted in the Netherlands and aimed at knowing the career counsellors role in society and local communities. The author argues that it is useful for researcher to make use of the theory of structuration by Anthony Giddens to interpret the collected data. This theory allows researcher to interpret both actions of an individual as well the social and cultural contexts of these actions. In the article the role of career counsellors working for private counselling office has been presented as an example of the way of using the theory of structuration. While indicating the rules of acting and the moments of reflexive monitoring of action by counsellors, which are some of the crucial elements/concepts in structuration theory, the author presents the analysis based on this theory. As the results show, the social role of career counsellors seems to be complex and based on many cultural factors
