24 research outputs found
R13. Formulation development of loratadine immediate-release tablets using hot-melt extrusion coupled with 3d-printing technology
No full textCorresponding author (Pharmaceutics and Drug delivery): Sundus Hussain Omari, [email protected]://egrove.olemiss.edu/pharm_annual_posters/1012/thumbnail.jp
Variation of Proximal Femoral Morphometry in Relation to Total Hip Replacement: A Study on Dry Femora
No full textObjective: Objective: Considerable variations exist in geometry of proximal femur across populations, which play an important role in total hip replacement surgeries. However, a rigorous characterization of femoral geometry across different geographical localities in Pakistan has not been performed. We aimed to assess the variations of the proximal femoral geometry in dry human femur bones from two different regions of Pakistan.
Study type settings & duration: A descriptive study was carried out at Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi and at three different Medical Colleges in Peshawar from October 2018 to July 2019.
Methodology: After obtaining ethical approvals, complete, fully ossified bones without additional paint or visible pathology from Rawalpindi (N = 98) and Peshawar (N = 112) were included for measurements of neck shaft angle (NSA), vertical head diameter and femoral neck length. NSA was measured from sketches of bones by using goniometer placed parallel to the shaft axis, while regular scale was used for measuring vertical head diameter and neck length. Unpaired T test was performed to compare the variations of femoral geometry in a side- and region-specific manner from Rawalpindi and Peshawar regions of Pakistan.
Results: Means and SD values of NSA, vertical diameter of head and neck length of all bones were 125.85˚± 7.35, 42.17±4.25 mm and 54.2±6mm, respectively. Significant differences (p value <0.001) were observed for NSA, vertical diameter of head and neck length between bones from the two regions. The femoral geometry was similar between right and left side bones, except for NSA in ......
Kamran Asdar Ali. Communism in Pakistan: Politics and Class Activism 1947- 1972. London, U.K.: I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd./Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. 2015. 304 pages. £ 59.00.
No full textThe book is divided into two parts consisting of eight
chapters, including the introductory and concluding chapters, and an
epilogue. It is a 304 page book including notes and references, which
are not only interesting but are very helpful for any reader interested
in the topic. The introductory chapter sets the stage for the reader,
introducing her to the diversity of nations living in the geographical
boundaries of Pakistan and points to the failure of their integration in
the state project. The author also touches upon the ethnic and
nationalistic struggles played out in Pakistan throughout history and
their relationship with the politics of the left. Furthermore, he
reiterates that mainstream discourse on Pakistan’s history presents the
struggle for separate nation in unified India as a struggle of a
monolith Muslim nation in the sub-continent largely ignoring the ethnic,
cultural and linguistic diversity of these Muslims, thereby undermining
their aspirations for freedom, self-determination and autonomy. The
Bengali and the Baloch freedom movements have been cited as examples of
what he calls the “collective amnesia” of the nation and notes that
resistance, or left-leaning, movements have also been largely ignored in
mainstream discourses on the history of Pakistan
Children in left-behind migrant households: education and gender equality
No full textThis paper analyses the effect of migration of men from rural areas in Pakistan on children in households “left behind” by the migrants. Left-behind households’ expenditure on children’s education and the gendered distribution of these expenditures are two outcomes of main interest. First, it is tested if left-behind households have higher overall expenditures on children’s education. Second, it is tested if migration of men from households reduces gender inequality in households’ expenditures on children’s education. This gendered distribution is analyzed by estimating the effect of migration on the share of households’ education expenditures spent on girls. Migration can affect these expenditures and its gendered distribution through various channels. Men’s migration may lead to women taking over household decisions regarding education expenditures. Migration may also transfer norms and alter peoples’ preferences such as those regarding children’s schooling. To differentiate between the channels two types of migration, permanent migration of men for employment creating “left-behind” households and temporary migration whereby male members migrate for employment for short periods during the year, have been considered. Transfer of norms is expected to operate through temporary migration episodes as well as via permanent migration, while the changes in women’s decision making is expected to operate via permanent migration when the men are absent. The effect of remittances has been further separated from the effect of migration. The paper uses longitudinal data from rural households in Pakistan with additional data collected from a sub-sample of the panel by the author. Fixed effects fixed effects model (FEM) is used to estimate these relationships, reducing endogeneity of migration. The results suggest that migrant and non-migrant households in the sample do not have significantly different expenditures on children’s schooling and education. This is true for both types of migration. Households that receive remittances have higher expenditures on children’s education. A noteworthy result is that left-behind households have girls’ shares that are higher as much as 18 percent than the average. This is not the case for households with temporary migrants, suggesting that women’s decision participation decreases gender inequality in households’ education expenditures. Heckman Selection Model has additionally been estimated to estimate the effect of the migration on households’ expenditure on girls’ education, considering the selection of households into sending girls to school. Heckman Selection model also suggests that left-behind households have higher per girl expenditures. The results of the selection model suggest that being a left-behind household is significantly positively associated with households’ expenditures on girls’ education
Copyright Authentication By Using Karhunen-Loeve Transform
No full textAuthentication is a raised as one of the important subject in field of security. So many techniques for improving authentication were appeared during the last three decades.This paper presents authentication by using Karhunen-Loeve transformation for copyright authentication in digital image, where four various size of watermarking image used to embed them inside the least significant bits of the cover image. The application proved that using Karhunen-Loeve transformation is very useful to improve the authentication, where the watermarking image will appear clearly only when using all eigenvalues to retrieve the watermarking from the resulted image. The number of eigenvalues were studied to give their effect on the robustness of the authentication, the direct proportional relationship appeared between the number of used eigenvalues and the authentication
Empowerment of Girls and Women in Rural Pakistan : Migration, Decision-making and Consciousness
No full textThis thesis analyses the effect of migration of men on women and children left behind in rural households in Pakistan. Part one analyses the impact on left-behind women’s participation in household decisions and number of hours of work. In part two, the effect on children’s work, children’s education expenditures and on gender differentials in expenditures are analysed. In the last part, it is tested if participation of women in household decisions and women’s consciousness of gender equality, reduce gender differentials in households’ education expenditures. Analysis is based on longitudinal data of rural households in Pakistan (Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey, IFPRI & IDS, 2012; 2014). Additional data from a sub-sample of the panel collected by the author in the year 2017 has been appended to the panel. Results of the analyses suggest that men’s migration and remittances affect women’s participation in household decisions differently in extended family and nuclear family households. Women are more likely to participate in household’s expenditure decisions if they receive remittances. However, left-behind wives’ participation in households expenditure decisions increases due to remittances only in nuclear households. For agricultural production decisions, left-behind wives in nuclear family households are more likely, while those in extended family households are less likely to participate if they do not receive remittances. Migration of men reduces women’s time spent in households’ own enterprise-related and domestic work. Remittances lower hours spent by recipient women in paid and domestic work. However, left-behind wives in extended family households who do not receive remittances, spend more hours in domestic work. Migrant households do not have significantly higher expenditures on children’s education than non-migrant households. However, remittances increase households’ education expenditures. Independent of remittances, migrant households have higher share of education expenditures spent on education of girls. Girls are also more likely to be sent to school and receive higher education expenditures in migrant households. The analysis also suggests that households where women participate in decisions regarding children’s education have higher shares of expenditures spent on education of girls in the secondary school age group. Households where women participate in education decisions and exhibit consciousness towards gender equality in education, girl children are more likely to attend school. The results also suggest that households where women participate in decisions spend more on the education of girl children.Diese Arbeit analysiert die Auswirkungen der Migration von Männern auf Frauen und Kinder, die in ländlichen Haushalten in Pakistan zurückgelassen werden. Im ersten Teil werden die Auswirkungen auf die Beteiligung zurückgelassener Frauen an Haushaltsentscheidungen und deren Arbeit untersucht. Im zweiten Teil werden die Auswirkungen auf die Arbeit der Kinder, die Bildungsausgaben für Kindern und auf die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede bei den Ausgaben analysiert. Im letzten Teil wird geprüft, ob die Beteiligung von Frauen an Haushaltsentscheidungen und das Bewusstsein der Frauen für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede bei den Bildungsausgaben der Haushalte verringern. Die Analyse basiert auf Längsschnittdaten ländlicher Haushalte in Pakistan (Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey, IFPRI & IDS, 2012; 2014). Zusätzliche Daten aus einer Teilstichprobe des Panels, die der Autor im Jahr 2017 erhoben hat, wurden dem Panel beigefügt. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass die Migration und Überweisungen von Männern die Beteiligung von Frauen an Haushaltsentscheidungen in Großfamilien- und Kernfamilienhaushalten unterschiedlich beeinflussen. Frauen sind eher an den Ausgabenentscheidungen der Haushalte beteiligt, wenn sie Rücküberweisungen erhalten. Jedoch nimmt die Beteiligung der zurückgelassenen Ehefrauen an den Ausgabenentscheidungen der Haushalte aufgrund von Rücküberweisungen nur in Kernfamilienhaushalten zu. Bei Entscheidungen über die landwirtschaftliche Produktion sind zurückbleibende Ehefrauen, wenn sie keine Rücküberweisungen erhalten, in Kernfamilienhaushalten wahrscheinlicher an Ausgabenentscheidungen beteiligt, als diese Frauen in Großfamilienhaushalten. Die Migration von Männern verringert die Zeit, die Frauen in Haushalten mit eigener Unternehmens- und Hausarbeit verbringen. Rücküberweisungen verringern die Stunden, die die Empfängerfrauen mit bezahlter Arbeit und Hausarbeit verbringen. Zurückgebliebene Ehefrauen in Großfamilienhaushalten, die keine Rücküberweisungen erhalten, verbringen jedoch mehr Stunden mit Hausarbeit. Migrantenhaushalte haben keine wesentlich höheren Ausgaben für die Ausbildung von Kindern als Nicht-Migrantenhaushalte. Allerdings erhöhen Rücküberweisungen die Bildungsausgaben der Haushalte. Unabhängig von Rücküberweisungen haben Migrantenhaushalte einen höheren Anteil an den Bildungsausgaben, die für die Bildung von Mädchen aufgewendet werden. Mädchen aus Migrantenhaushalten werden mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit zur Schule geschickt und erhalten höhere Bildungsausgaben. Die Analyse deutet auch darauf hin, dass Haushalte, in denen Frauen an Entscheidungen über die Bildung von Kindern beteiligt sind, einen höheren Anteil an den Ausgaben für die Bildung von Mädchen im Sekundarschulalter haben. Haushalte, in denen Frauen an Bildungsentscheidungen beteiligt sind und ein Bewusstsein für die Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter in der Bildung zeigen, haben eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass Mädchen die Schule besuchen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auch darauf hin, dass Haushalte, in denen Frauen an Entscheidungen beteiligt sind, mehr für die Bildung von Mädchen ausgeben
Strategi guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMAN 1 Kepanjen
No full textABSTRAK
Pendidikan agama dalam sekolah sangat penting untuk pembinaan dan penyempurnaan pertumbuhan kepribadian anak didik, karena pendidikan agama mempunyai dua aspek terpenting. Aspek pertama dari pendidikan agama adalah yang ditujukan kepada jiwa atau pembentukan kepribadian. Anak didik diberikan kesadaran kepada adanya Tuhan lalu dibiasakan melakukan perintah-perintah Tuhan dan meninggalkan larangan Nya.
Dalam hal ini anak didik dibimbing agar terbiasa berbuat yang baik, yang sesuai dengan ajaran agama. Aspek kedua dari pendidikan agama adalah yang ditujukan kepada pikiran yaitu pengajaran agama itu sendiri. Kepercayaan kepada Tuhan tidak akan sempurna bila isi dari ajaran-ajaran Tuhan tidak diketahui betul- betul. Anak didik harus ditunjukkan apa yang disuruh, apa yang dilarang, apa yang dibolehkan, apa yang dianjurkan melakukannya dan apa yang dianjurkan meninggalkannya menurut ajaran agama. Sehubungan dengan hal diatas maka dalam skripsi ini mengkaji tentang Strategi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam Pembinaan Keagamaan Siswa di SMAN 1 Kepanjen.
Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu : (1) Apa saja upaya guru PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen?, (2) Bagaimana strategi guru PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA Negeri
1 Kepanjen?, (3) Bagaimana hasil dari pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen?. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA N 1 Kepanjen. (2). Untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi guru PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan di SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen. (3). Untuk mengetahui hasil dari pembinaan keagamaan siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu mengamati secara langsung objek yang dijadikan penelitian dan memahami bagaimana strategi guru PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan siswa. Dalam pengumpulan data, penulis menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif yaitu berupa data-data tertulis lisan dari orang dan perilaku yang diamati sehingga dalam hal ini penulis berupaya mengadakan penelitian yang bersifat menggambarkan secara menyeluruh tentang keadaan yang sebenarnya. Selain itu, untuk mendukung uraian dari keadaan yang sebenarnya ada di lapangan, disini penulis sertakan tabel sebagai pelengkap data.
Dari hasil penelitian penulis menemukan upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru
PAI dalam pembinaan keagamaan yaitu mengoptimalkan pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam dan pendidikan keteladanan. Sedangkan strategi yang digunakan yaitu melalui kegiatan integrasi Imtaq dan Iptek, ekstrakurikuler,, penciptaan situasi yang kondusif, kerjasama sekolah dengan orang tua dan masyarakat.. Hasil dari pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh guru PAI sudah dirasa cukup baik. Meskipun masih ada kendala-kendala yang perlu diperhatikan.
ABSTRACT
Religious education in schools is critical to foster growth and improve students' personality, because religious education has two important aspects. The first aspect of religious education is addressed to the soul or personality formation. Students are given awareness to the existence of God then accustomed to do the commandments of God and left his ban. In this case the students are guided to get accustomed to do good thing, which according to religious teachings. The second aspect of religious education is addressed to the mind that is the teaching of religion itself. Belief in God will not be perfect when the content of the teachings of the Lord is not known completely. Students must be shown what they were told, what is forbidden, what allowable, what is recommended to do it and what is recommended to leave according to the teachings of religion. Relative to the above then the thesis examines the strategy of Islamic Religious Education Teachers (PAI) in Religious Guidance Students at SMAN 1 Kepanjen.
The formulation of the problem in this study are: (1) What are the efforts of PAI teachers in fostering religious students at SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen?, (2) How is the strategy of religious PAI teachers in coaching students in SMA Negeri 1
Kepanjen?, (3) How do the results of religious guidance of students at SMA
Negeri 1 Kepanjen?. The purpose of this study were (1) To find out how the religious guidance of students in SMAN 1 Kepanjen. (2). To find out how the strategy of PAI teachers in the guidance of religious in SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen. (3). To find out the results of religious development of students at SMAN 1
Kepanjen.
This study used descriptive qualitative research, namely to observe directly
the object used as a research and understand how the strategy of religious teachers in coaching students PAI. In collecting data, the authors used interviews, observation and documentation. Then analyzed using qualitative descriptive data that is written in the form of word of mouth from people and observed behavior, so in this case the author seeks to undertake research which describes the overall nature of the real situation. In addition, to support the description of the actual situation in the field, here the authors include a table as a data supplement. From the results of the study authors found the efforts made by PAI teachers in guidance is to optimize the learning of religious education of Islamic religious and educational ideals. While the strategy used is through IMTAQ and IPTEK integration activities, extracurricular activities, the creating of conducted situation, the cooperation between school, parents and society. The results of guidance is done by PAI teachers was considered good enough. Although there are still obstacles that need attention
A novel unsupervised ensemble framework using concept-based linguistic methods and machine learning for Twitter sentiment analysis
No full textConcept-based sentiment analysis (CBSA) methods have gained prominence in natural language
processing in recent years. These methods consider the underlying semantic meanings of text to
perform different tasks such as Twitter sentiment analysis (assigning positive, negative, or neutral
sentiment to Tweets). CBSA is superior to traditional statistical methods for accurately discovering
sentiment labels. Due to a limited knowledge base, these methods are unable to identify the sentiment
polarity of all kinds of text. Therefore, supervised learning techniques are mostly ensembled with
CBSA methods to classify whole text. These techniques require labeled data. It is a tedious and time consuming task due to the manually labeling of large datasets (Such as Twitter datasets). Therefore,
an unsupervised learning mechanism can be a better alternative to solve this problem. In this paper,
a novel unsupervised learning framework based on Concept-based and hierarchical clustering is
proposed for Twitter sentiment analysis. Popular hierarchical clustering methods including single
linkage, complete linkage, and average linkage algorithms are ensembled serially. Two different
feature representation methods including Boolean and Term frequency-inverse document frequency
(TF-IDF) are investigated. We have also experimented with Well-known classifiers (Naïve Bayes,
Neural Network) for a fair comparison. Accuracy measure (proportion of correct predictions) is used
to evaluate the performance of understudied techniques. It is empirically shown that the performance
of unsupervised learning techniques is comparable with supervised learning techniques
A novel unsupervised ensemble framework using concept-based linguistic methods and machine learning for Twitter sentiment analysis
No full textConcept-based sentiment analysis (CBSA) methods have gained prominence in natural language processing in recent years. These methods consider the underlying semantic meanings of text to perform different tasks such as Twitter sentiment analysis (assigning positive, negative, or neutral sentiment to Tweets). CBSA is superior to traditional statistical methods for accurately discovering sentiment labels. Due to a limited knowledge base, these methods are unable to identify the sentiment polarity of all kinds of text. Therefore, supervised learning techniques are mostly ensembled with CBSA methods to classify whole text. These techniques require labeled data. It is a tedious and time consuming task due to the manually labeling of large datasets (Such as Twitter datasets). Therefore, an unsupervised learning mechanism can be a better alternative to solve this problem. In this paper, a novel unsupervised learning framework based on Concept-based and hierarchical clustering is proposed for Twitter sentiment analysis. Popular hierarchical clustering methods including single linkage, complete linkage, and average linkage algorithms are ensembled serially. Two different feature representation methods including Boolean and Term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) are investigated. We have also experimented with Well-known classifiers (Naïve Bayes, Neural Network) for a fair comparison. Accuracy measure (proportion of correct predictions) is used to evaluate the performance of understudied techniques. It is empirically shown that the performance of unsupervised learning techniques is comparable with supervised learning techniques
Employing Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology to Enhance the Solubility of Cannabidiol (CBD)
No full textCorresponding author (Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery): Iman Taha, [email protected]://egrove.olemiss.edu/pharm_annual_posters_2022/1020/thumbnail.jp
