1,118 research outputs found
Emerging variants of concern in Saudi Arabian SARS-CoV-2 isolates
No full textDisclosure. This study was funded by the Institute of Research and Consulting Studies at King Khalid University. Grant Number: 2-N-20/22The authors are thankful to the Institute of Research and Consulting Studies at King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for supporting this research through Grant Number 2-N-20/22 and the support of Research Center for Advanced Materials Science is highly acknowledged. For computer time, this research used the resources of the Supercomputing Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. We would like to thank SCRIBENDI (www.scribendi.com) for English language editing
Ghayat al-amani and the life and times of al-Hadi Yahya b. al-Husayn: an introduction, newly edited text and translation with detailed annotation
No full textThe thesis is anchored upon a text extracted from an important 11th / 17th century Yemeni historical work. This text deals primarily with al-Hādī ilā 'I-Haqq, the founder of the Zaydī Imamate in the Yemen that lasted well over a thousand years. AI-Hādīs imamate, of considerable significance in itself, also coincides with one of the most turbulent periods of early Yemeni mediaeval history. The- edited Arabic text, with its accompanying apparatus criticus. Is to be found at the opposite end of this volume. The Introduction considers various aspects of Imam al-Hadī’s life, religious ideas and aspirations and matters directly connected with the edited text and the work of which it forms a part. Among the most important subjects discussed are the MSS used in the production of the edited text, the problem concerning the authorship of Ghāyat al-amānī and the relationship of the latter work to Anbā' al-zaman. A short biography of al-Hādī is provided, together with a treatment of the historical background to ai-Hādīs imamate. The introduction also describes the editorial method followed with regard to the text, and certain key personal names and toponyms are dealt with there. The method employed by the author of the Ghāyat is to record the events of any one year by Itself. I have translated one year at a time and then followed it by the annotations appertaining to it. It is hoped that by means of these annotations. (some of which through necessity are quite detailed ), the text will be better understood. The numerous personages, tribal names and toponyms are considered, as well as problems concerning points of chronology and various matters of historical and religious significance. Specific comment is made upon certain interesting terms or any unusual or striking vocabulary. The thesis concludes with maps, genealogical tables and a comprehensive bibliography
Is Spiking Secure? A Comparative Study on the Security Vulnerabilities of Spiking and Deep Neural Networks
No full textSpiking Neural Networks (SNNs) claim to present many advantages in terms of biological plausibility and energy efficiency compared to standard Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Recent works have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., small perturbations added to the input data can lead to targeted or random misclassifications. In this paper, we aim at investigating the key research question: "Are SNNs secure?" Towards this, we perform a comparative study of the security vulnerabilities in SNNs and DNNs w.r.t. the adversarial noise. Afterwards, we propose a novel black-box attack methodology, i.e., without the knowledge of the internal structure of the SNN, which employs a greedy heuristic to automatically generate imperceptible and robust adversarial examples (i.e., attack images) for the given SNN. We perform an in-depth evaluation for a Spiking Deep Belief Network (SDBN) and a DNN having the same number of layers and neurons (to obtain a fair comparison), in order to study the efficiency of our methodology and to understand the differences between SNNs and DNNs w.r.t. the adversarial examples. Our work opens new avenues of research towards the robustness of the SNNs, considering their similarities to the human brain's functionality
Moisture absorption and diffusivity of epoxy filled layered-structure nanocomposite
No full textThis paper studies moisture absorption and diffusivity of epoxy reinforced layered structure nanocomposites and its effect on fracture toughness. Two different types of layered fillers employed in the study were clay and graphene platelets, in which both surface layers were unmodified and modified by characterized by swelling analysis and fracture toughness measurement. The outcomes surfactant. The nanocomposites were showed that the moisture absorption and diffusivity decreased with the addition of layered fillers. It was found that the modified graphene platelets and clay outperformed the unmodified layers and neat epoxy in terms of reduction of moisture absorption and diffusivity. The modified graphene platelets reduced the moisture uptake and diffusivity about 30% and 33%, respectively compare to neat epoxy, thus indicates its outstanding performance in barrier applications. However, once the nanocomposites were swelling in the water for 5 days, it is noticed that the fracture toughness of nanocomposites were reduced significantly about 35% in average. Nevertheless, the modified graphene platelets still display the better performance compare to the other samples although there was reduction of fracture toughness
Exploring the new potential antiviral constituents of Moringa oliefera for SARS-COV-2 pathogenesis: An in silico molecular docking and dynamic studies
No full textThe interactions of two crucial proteins of COVID-19 have been investigated with potential antiviral compounds from Moringa oliefera using quantum chemical, molecular docking and dynamic methods. The results of the present investigation show that ellagic acid and apigenin possess the highest binding affinities of −7.1 and −6.5 Kcal.mol-1against nsp9 and −6.9 and −7.1 Kcal.mol−1 against nsp10, respectively. The dynamic behavior of individual proteins and their respective best docked ligand–protein complexes are also studied at 30 ns timescale. Both of these compounds also show the highest intestinal absorption and total clearance rate as compared to the other compounds under present investigation without any toxicity.The authors from King Khalid University extend their appreciation to the Institute of Research and Consulting Studies at King Khalid University for supporting this research through grant number 2-N-20/22 and the support of Research Center for Advanced Materials Science is highly acknowledged. For computer time, this research used the resources of the Supercomputing Laboratory at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
Military Leadership of Khalid bin Walid in the Battle of Mu’tah
No full textThe Battle of Mu’tah was one of the most significant battles in Islamic history, taking place in 629 CE between the Muslim army and the Byzantine Empire. One of the central figures in this event was Khalid bin Walid, renowned as an exceptional military commander in Islamic history. This study aims to examine Khalid bin Walid’s leadership during the Battle of Mu’tah, particularly his strategies, tactics, and decisiveness after assuming command following the deaths of the previous commanders on the battlefield.
The research uses a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Findings reveal that Khalid bin Walid successfully led the Muslim army in a strategic withdrawal from an uneven battle, avoiding total defeat and saving many lives. His leadership was marked by resilience, military intelligence, and courage, which earned him the title "The Sword of Allah."
This study emphasizes the importance of adaptive leadership in critical situations and Khalid bin Walid’s contribution to sustaining the early Islamic struggle. The Battle of Mu’tah, a key historical event in the development of Islamic da’wah, occurred in 629 CE (8 AH), involving the Muslim army against the Byzantine forces and their allies near Mu’tah, close to the Levantine border. In this battle, three primary Muslim commanders — Zaid bin Harithah, Ja’far bin Abi Talib, and Abdullah bin Rawahah — were martyred in succession.
Amid this crisis, Khalid bin Walid stepped up to take command and led the Muslim forces, who were vastly outnumbered. This research aims to examine the form and characteristics of Khalid bin Walid’s leadership in the context of the Battle of Mu’tah, especially in dealing with battlefield pressure and emergency conditions. The study concludes that Khalid bin Walid employed a flexible, intelligent, and calculated military strategy, including tactical maneuvers that successfully misled the enemy and allowed the Muslim forces to retreat in an orderly manner without total defeat.
His success demonstrated an adaptive, courageous, and wise leadership capacity, prompting the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to grant him the title "Saifullah" (The Sword of Allah). This research concludes that effective leadership in critical situations is crucial to the continuity of a struggle and provides important lessons in crisis management and early Islamic military strategy
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
No full textThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
RDWG Technique for Determination of Complex Permittivity and Moisture Content of Oil Palm Fruits
No full textClose relationship between oil content and moisture content [Ariffin et al., 1990, Khalid & Abbas, 1992] suggests the possibility of using moisture content as a parameter to gauge fruit ripeness. It is found [Khalid & Abbas, 1992]
that the amount of moisture content is higher at early stage of fruit development. Excess water is reduced in the ripe fruit as the oil accumulates in the mesocarp
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