2,561 research outputs found
Sigmund Freud contra Helga Grebing - Kommentierende Anmerkungen zu den Beiträgen von Max Bloch, Karsten Rudolph, Meik Woyke und Walter Mühlhausen
No full textConcentrating on the contributions of Max Bloch, Karsten Rudolph, Meik Woyke and Walter Mühlhausen the author sums up the contributions of this volume in order to reflect on the current state of research in the field of the historiography of biographies of leading social democrats. He discusses remaining lacunae in research and develops perspectives for future research
Karsten Födinger. Toward a Radical Sculpture
No full textTypically made of basic construction materials, the works of Karsten Födinger (b. Mönchengladbach, Germany, 1978; lives and works in Berlin) bridge the divide between architecture and sculpture. Ideas relating to the durability and load-bearing capacity of structures are a key interest in his creative process. Besides large sculptures destined for interior settings, Födinger makes striking sculptural interventions in public spaces that take inspiration from the specific site and always engage with its historical and cultural context. Untainted by romanticism, his sculptures symbolize the approach to a foreseeable end that is hastened by the uncontrolled exploitation of the earth’s resources. With numerous illustrations and essays, this first extensive monograph on the artist presents a comprehensive survey of his sizable oeuvre
Functional diversity of microglia – How heterogeneous are they to begin with?
No full textMicroglia serve in the surveillance and maintenance, protection and restoration of the CNS homeostasis. By their parenchymal location they differ from other CNS-associated myeloid cells, and by origin as well as functional characteristics they are also‒at least in part‒distinct from extraneural tissue macrophages. Nevertheless, microglia themselves may not comprise a uniform cell type. CNS regions vary by cellular and chemical composition, including white matter (myelin) content, blood-brain barrier properties or prevaling neurotransmitters. Such a micromilieu could instruct as well as require local adaptions of microglial features. Yet even cells within circumscribed populations may reveal some specialization by subtypes, regarding house-keeping duties and functional capacities upon challenges. While diversity of reactive phenotypes has been established still little is known as to whether all activated cells would respond with the same program of induced genes and functions or whether responder subsets have individual contributions. Preferential synthesis of a key cytokine could asign a master control to certain cells among a pool of activated microglia. Critical functions could be sequestered to discrete microglial subtypes in order to avoid interference, such as clearance of endogeneous material and presentation of antigens. Indeed, several and especially a number of recent studies provide evidence for the constitutive and reactive heterogeneity of microglia by and within CNS regions. While such a principle of ‘division of labor’ would influence the basic notion of ‘the’ microglia, it could come with the practival value of addressing separate microglia types in experimental and therapeutic manipulations
B --> ([rho]/[omega]) [gamma] at BaBar
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.In title on title page, "[right arrow] appears as the symbol; and "[rho]", "[omega]" and "[gamma]" appear as lower-case Greek letters.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-205).This document describes the measurements of the branching fractions and isospin violations of the radiative electroweak penguin decays B [right arrow] ([rho]/[omega]) [gamma] at the asymmetric energy e+e- PEP-II collider with the BABAR detector. Together with the previously measured branching fractions of the decays ... the ratio of CKM-matrix elements Vtd=Vts are extracted and the length of the far side of the unitarity triangle is determined.by Karsten Köneke.Ph.D
Proteins in Microglial Activation - Inputs and Outputs by Subsets
No full textMicroglia serve in the surveillance, maintenance and protection of the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and functionality. The process of transformation from their house-keeping status to reactive phenotypes upon CNS challenges is known as microglial activation. It comes also with dramatic changes in protein expression and release. Activated microglia may thereby mount a rather homogenous response, with all cells of an affected local population simultaneously upregulating the same cell surface receptors or synthesizing an identical set of soluble messengers. Yet there is increasing evidence for a constitutive heterogeneity of microglia by and within CNS regions-largely being based on protein expression as well as activities and pointing to distinct functional capacities as to microglial subtypes. Inductions of proteins with key functions in antigen presentation and inflammation, like major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II molecules and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, reveal that among a pool of activated microglia individual cells can differ by actual contributions. While MHC I induction can be appropriately triggered as a panpopulational response, only a subset would organize for TNF production. Similarly, MHC II expression seems to be confined to a microglial subpopulation, and disposal of myelin either under normal conditions or its removal upon CNS damage appear to be duties of specialized cells, partially with complementary distribution. Discrete synthesis of immunoregulatory proteins would thus assign a master control to certain microglia, while tasks in the clearance of endogenous material and in professional antigen presentation could be sequestered to avoid collision of incompatible functions
The Governance of Global Industry Associations:The Role of Micro-Politics
No full textThis insightful book examines the role of micro-politics in the life of global industry associations. Karsten Ronit addresses the various rules and norms required to administer these associations, highlighting the importance of managing variations in complex member demands and responding to expectations in their institutional environment. Posing a variety of empirical and theoretical challenges, the author charts the state of the art in the study of industry associations, evaluating the current condition of research in the field. Ronit offers a systematic approach to the role of global industry associations, identifying, classifying and analysing the diverse population of industry associations and the expressions of micro-politics that occur within them. Addressing key dilemmas such as leadership, resource allocation and regulation, Ronit examines the many policy areas in which industry associations are active and the areas in which their activities overlap with other policy actors. Offering a critical conceptual exploration of the significance of industry associations, this cutting-edge book is crucial reading for scholars and students researching business and politics, particularly those interested in associational governance in global industries. It will also benefit practitioners working in business associations and consulting firms, as well as policymakers addressing industry association
Carbon Pricing for Low-Carbon Investment
No full textThe EU European Trading Scheme (EU ETS) started operating in 2005 and was established with the EU Climate Package of 2008 as a permanent mechanism for Europe. Now in its second phase, policymakers are evaluating its success to date and considering next steps for its evolution. With the ultimate goal of a low-carbon economy, key questions have been: does the ETS facilitate a shift from carbon-intensive investments to low-carbon investments? What improvements can policymakers apply to accelerate low-carbon investment? To answer these questions, Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and Climate Strategies conducted a multiinstitute analytical project, “Carbon Pricing for Low-Carbon Investment” from February to December 2010. Led by CPI Berlin director Karsten Neuhoff, participating organizations included London School of Economics, DIW Berlin, ETH-Zürich, ISI-Fraunhofer, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. Studies in the project include the following: Climate Change, Investment and Carbon Markets and Prices – Evidence from Interviewing Managers Ralf Martin (LSE), Mirabelle Muûls (Imperial College) and Ulrich Wagner (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) Relative Importance of Different Climate Policy Elements for Corporate Climate Innovation Activities: Findings for the Power Sector Karoline Rogge (ISI Fraunhofer), Tobias Schmidt (ETH Zürich) and Malte Schneider (ETH Zürich) The Role of CDM Post-2012 Alexander Vasa (CPI) and Karsten Neuhoff (CPI) Emissions Trading Schemes under IFRS - Towards a true and fair view Madlen Haupt (CPI) and Roland Ismer (University of Erlangen-Nürnberg) This policy summary describes key findings and implications from the studies included in the project and the workshops hosted in Berlin and Paris. Papers from the studies can be found at www.climatepolicyinitiative.org and www.climatestrategies.org
Microglial diversity by responses and responders
No full textMicroglia are the principal resident innate immune cells of the CNS. Their contributions to the normal development of the CNS, the maintenance and plasticity of neuronal networks and the safeguarding of proper functionality are becoming more and more evident. Microglia also survey the tissue homeostasis to respond rapidly to exogenous and endogenous threats, primarily with a protective outcome. However, excessive acute activation, chronic activity or an improper adaption of their functional performance can foster neuropathologies. A key to the versatile response behavior of these cells is their ability to commit to reactive phenotypes, which reveal enormous complexity. Yet the respective profiles of induced genes and installed functions may build up on heterogeneous contributions of cellular subsets. Here, we discuss findings and concepts that consider the variety of microglial activities and response options as being based―at least in part―on a diversity of the engaged cells. Whether it is the production of proinflammatory cytokines, clearance of tissue debris, antigen presentation or the ability to sense neurotransmitters, microglial cells present with an unanticipated heterogeneity of their constitutive and inducible features. While the organizational principles of this heterogeneity are still largely unknown, functional implications are already perceptible
Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
No full textMicroglial cells constitute the resident macrophage population of the CNS. Recent in vivo studies have shown that microglia carry out active tissue scanning, which challenges the traditional notion of 'resting' microglia in the normal brain. Transformation of microglia to reactive states in response to pathology has been known for decades as microglial activation, but seems to be more diverse and dynamic than ever anticipated-in both transcriptional and nontranscriptional features and functional consequences. This may help to explain why engagement of microglia can be either neuroprotective or neurotoxic, resulting in containment or aggravation of disease progression. Moreover, little is known about the heterogeneity of microglial responses in different pathologic contexts that results from regional adaptations or from the progression of a disease. In this review, we focus on several key observations that illustrate the multi-faceted activities of microglia in the normal and pathologic brain
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