5,930 research outputs found
Music for classical guitar by South African composers : a historical survey, notes on selected works and a general catalogue
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 296-309).This is the first comprehensive investigation of music for, or including, the classical guitar by South African composers. The focus of this research has been, firstly, to uncover as much of the repertoire as possible, and, secondly, to collate, study, catalogue and report on the information. A brief historical survey of the guitar in South Africa provides the context within which this study was conducted. The primary sources of quantitative data collection were through the archival catalogues of the South African Music Rights Organisation and through personal contact with guitarists, composers and guitar teachers. Other sources consulted were publishers, broadcasting corporations, recording companies, libraries and the internet. The body of the dissertation comprises biographical sketches, background notes, analyses and technical notes on 17 selected solo and chamber works dating from 1947 to 2007 by some of South Africa's most prominent composers and guitaristcomposers. The repertoire ranges in style from the traditional and ethnically inspired to the experimental and abstract. As this is an empirical survey, each selected entry includes details on instrumentation, duration, level of difficulty, number of pages, scordatura, commissions or requests, sources or publishers, premières and recordings. A biography of each composer is provided as well as background notes which offer an overview of the selected work. The notes discuss historical, cultural, musical and extra-musical influences, and frequently include references to interview material. The commentaries on the selected works, with musical examples, include an analytical component describing structure, form, stylistic and compositional elements, while the technical observations include performance suggestions and a grading for each work
Towards a suitable quick scan transport model
No full textNowadays traditional traffic simulation models are becoming more complex and more detailed. Often policy questions do not require this level of details and needs faster answers than can be reach with traditional models. Of course traditional traffic simulation models are necessary for the evaluations of transportation alternatives. It is relevant to have next to these complex models, simpler models, such as quick scan tools. With quick scan tools the effect of measurements/alternatives of infrastructure related projects in the strategic and tactical phase can be calculated. Among other things, there is need for quick scan tools for the acceleration of the reconnaissance phase in the “Meerjarenprogramma Infrastructuur, Ruimte en Transport” (MIRT) projects. According to the Projectdirectie Sneller & Beter there are at this moment no suitable quick scan tools for the MIRTprojects. From these findings the central problem follows that in current practice there is need for suitable quick scan tools for fast and coarse evaluations of transportation alternatives. In this thesis the objective is to develop a suitable quick scan tool for fast and coarse evaluations of transportation alternatives. To develop a suitable quick scan tool, first the application and requirements of quick scan tools needs to be specified. Policy questions in the phase of mind setting and in the reconnaissance phase can be answered with quick scan tools. The application of quick scan tools is at a high level of time, space and travel behaviour simplification. The policy questions can be mostly answered by the calculation of measures focussed at spatial planning, price policy, mobility management, public transport and the changing and extending of infrastructure. These measures require certain output. Quick scan tools should provide at least information about mobility effects and a quick scan tool distinct from other tools and detailed models by also provide the economic, environmental and safety effects. One of the requirements of a quick scan tool is that it should fit the application. These and other requirements can be divided in functional, performance, quality, output and input requirements and wishes. A quick scan tool differs from detailed models by the short computation time (performance requirement) and the low effort of the end users according to the interviewees. Low effort requires easy applicability and simple input. Other functional requirements are that quick scan tools should at least determine the direct behavioural changes of a measure and be able to assess different alternatives. The quality requirements are transparency, fitting logical transportation relations, no conflicts with traffic flow theory and visualisation reliability of the output. The output should fit logical transport relations and should not be in contradiction with traffic flow theory. Also a quick scan tool should visualize the reliability of the output, because otherwise the tool will be used by the customers like the model can make accurate predictions. One of the output requirements is that a quick scan tool requires a clear visualisation, so a tool can be used easily. Further more simple input and wide support for the input is required. Next to this requirement, the desires of quick scan tools are the connection with existing models and not only calculated the effect on mobility, but also other traffic related effects, such as environmental, economic and safety effects. Developing a new quick scan tool requires the overview of the existing quick scan tools to know the additional value of a new quick scan tool/method. Seventeen tools in the Netherlands and the United States are investigated. All the tools were in conflict with at least one requirement. The ScenarioVerkenner, Quick filter, Fast Simple Model and eventually also the Mobiliteitsscan are tools that meet almost all the requirements except visualisation of the reliability of the output. A new quick scan tool should provide inside in the reliability of the output. The calculation of the measures for mobility management are hard to determine with the existing quick scan tools. Also from the existing quick scan tools, it could conclude that no tool at this moment can calculate reliable travel times and because of this economic effects. Besides a tool that provides insight in mobility, environment, economy and safety is more likely to succeed, because the calculation of other traffic related effects is a large advantage of a quick scan tool compared to detailed models. Also the high level of time, space and behaviour simplification is often missing in the existing quick scan tools. In a quick scan tool methods are used to meet the requirements of a quick scan tool. The methods can simplify the data of time, space and travel behaviour. Time simplification can be done by choosing some time periods or taking the sum of multiple time periods. For the spatial simplification, zone simplification, route, link and node simplification can be used. Simplification exists of the simplification, selection or reduction of data or model elements. Also Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFD) can show the network performance. The MFD is a graph that reflects the outflow of a network compared to the accumulation. Simplified methods can be used to model the travel behaviour; trip generation, modal split, period of day and route assignment. Next to the simplification techniques some other methods can be used in quick scan tools, such as the incremental approach, elasticities, rules of thumps and demand and supply curves. With the incremental approach only the difference between the new situation and the reference scenario will be calculated without using an integral new equilibrium calculation. Another option is to calculated only the effects on roads with a certain traffic condition, such as congested roads. Elasticities and rules of thumb could make assumptions and so less calculation have to be made during the usage of a quick scan tool. With demand and supply curves the equilibrium between price and demand can be calculated. From the application, requirements, existing tools opportunities and methods for the development of quick scan tools or method for fast and coarse evaluations of transportation alternatives follow. The high level of simplification can be reached by corridor models. Corridor models are models in which cities/regions are visualized by dots and vectors represent the flows between the dots. A corridor model requires simple input. Another opportunity that will decrease the computation time enormously is spatial simplification based on traffic states. This innovative method offers the chance to develop a quick scan tool that meets the requirements. In this research the method of spatial simplification based on traffic states is developed. With this method the effect of measures that affects the total network or measures that effects changes in a specific area can be calculated. For the calculation of the measures that affects the total network, only the effect of the measure on the amount of trips is required. This can be determined by elasticities. The method works with an approximation of traffic assignment by interpolation between the traffic flows on a link for two assignments. When using the tool the choice can be made to simulate only certain traffic states. With this link categorization the high level of simplification can be reached. For the measures that affect a specific area, on forehand the advisor needs to define this area and assign the traffic from and to the area, so the distribution is known. With interpolation the effect of the measures in the area will be determined. A disadvantage of the method is that measures that affect certain links cannot be calculated, because this requires a new equilibrium. The developed method meets the requirements. The method can be used under conditions for spatial planning, pricing policy, mobility management and the improvements of public transport. A disadvantage of the method is that it requires a detailed underlying model, so it could not be used when little data is available. The model is assessed for spatial planning and pricing policy in the Nationaal Verkeers Model 2.0 (NVM 2.0). The categorization is divided in congested links, critical links or insignificant links. The computation time is less than ten seconds for the calculation of the congested links and 30 seconds for all the links instead of 5000 seconds with the traditional assignment. So the computation time is short and the calculation of only the congested links can be used when visiting a customer and direct results are required. When an advisor is writing a report in the office, the calculation of the other links can also be interesting, but the high level of simplification will be reached by the link categorisation. Certainly the implementation in a quick scan tool will require some extra time to visualize the results. For the implementation of the method in a quick scan tool, some recommendations are made. To calculate also the travel times correctly, another model than the NVM 2.0, should be used. STAQ, the static assignment model of Goudappel Coffeng BV with the calculation of the effect of congestion and spillback, can be used. For a complete suitable quick scan tool the effect of all the measures should be calculated. The calculation of the effect on the link loads can be calculated with the same scripts as for spatial planning and pricing policy. The used linear function works in the NVM 2.0. It could be that another function will fit better the reality. So by the implementation in STAQ, the recommendation is to investigate this function. Also the opportunities for the calculation of measures that affects a certain link should be investigated. Overall the method of spatial simplification based on traffic condition with interpolation is a good basis of a suitable quick scan tool for fast and coarse evaluations of transportation alternatives.Transport & PlanningTransport & PlanningCivil Engineering and Geoscience
A quick-scan method to assess photovoltaic rooftop potential based on aerial imagery and LiDAR
No full textA quick-scan yield prediction method has been developed to assess rooftop photovoltaic (PV) potential. The method has three main parts. For each roof, first (i) virtual 3D roof segments were reconstructed using aerial imagery, then, (ii) PV modules were automatically fitted onto roof segments using a fitting algorithm and finally, (iii) expected annual yield was calculated. For each roof, the annual yield was calculated by three different quick yield calculation approaches. Two approaches are commercial software packages of Solar Monkey (SM) and Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) whereas the other one is the simplified skyline-based approach developed in photovoltaic material and devices (PVMD) group of Delft University of Technology. To validate the quick-scan method, a set of 145 roofs and 215 roof segments were chosen in urban areas in the Netherlands. For the chosen roofs, the number of fitted modules and calculated yield were compared with the actual modular layout and the measured yield of existing PV systems. Results showed a satisfactory agreement between the quick-scan yield prediction and measured annual yield per roof, with relative standard deviations of 7.2%, 9.1%, and 7.5% respectively for SM, PVGIS, and PVMD approaches. It was concluded that the obstacle-including approaches (e.g. SM and PVMD) outperformed the approaches which neglect the shading by surrounding obstacles (e.g. PVGIS). Results also showed that 3D roof segments had added value as input for the quick-scan PV yield prediction methods since the precision of yield prediction was significantly lower using only 2D land register data of buildings.Accepted author manuscriptPhotovoltaic Materials and DevicesElectrical Sustainable Energ
Quick-Scanmethode Bereikbaarheid Steden
No full textStedelijke vervoersystemen nemen een belangrijke positie in binnen het totale vervoersysteem van een land: zij zorgen ervoor dat de daadwerkelijke bestemming wordt bereikt en dat men niet blijft steken bij de grens van de stad of op het station. Ondanks dat de over het stedelijk systeem dan nog af te leggen afstand beperkt is, kost dit korte stukje relatief veel tijd, mede omdat het stedelijke vervoersysteem niet goed overweg kan met de grote vervoersstromen. Daartegenover staan de steden, die een belangrijke plaats innemen in de ruimtelijke ordening van een land: zij zijn het centrum van vele (menselijke) activiteiten en bieden een vestigingsplaats aan vele functies. Omdat het stedelijk vervoersysteem en het stedelijk weefsel elkaar wederzijds beïnvloeden, is het nuttig infrastructuur en stad in samenhang te bestuderen. In het begrip bereikbaarheid komen infrastructuur en stad samen: infrastructuur maakt dat (de verschillende delen van) de stad bereikbaar zijn voor men sen binnen en buiten de stad. Daarom is in deze studie onderzoek gedaan naar een methode, waarmee het mogelijk wordt op snelle wijze inzicht te krijgen in de bereikbaarheidspositie van een stad en waar mee maatregelen om de bereikbaarheidspositie te verbeteren beoordeeld kunnen worden. Belangrijke uitgangspunten hierbij zijn dat: \u95 de aandacht slechts uitgaat naar het personenvervoer (auto, fiets en openbaar vervoer). \u95 de kosten in eerste instantie geen rol spelen in de methode. \u95 reistijd als belangrijkste indicator wordt gezien; andere indicatoren worden hierin uitgedrukt. \u95 de methode wordt uiteengezet in een handleiding, aan de hand waarvan gemeentelijke diensten, adviesbureaus of andere instellingen een Quick Scan Bereikbaarheid van Steden kunnen uitvoeren. \u95 het document dat het resultaat is van een Quick scan zal bestaan uit een 50%-50% combinatie van tekst en beeld. Belangrijke randvoorwaarde is dat de methode snel (liefst binnen een termijn van circa vier weken) en tegen relatief geringe kosten een voldoende goed beeld van de bereikbaarheid van een stad moet kunnen geven. Dit betekent, dat de analyse moet worden gemaakt op basis van relatief eenvoudige relaties en berekeningen en dat gekeken moet worden naar de hoofdlijnen en naar ingrepen in de hoofdstructuur. Het voor deze Quick-Scanmethode ontwikkelde model van bereikbaarheid veronderstelt dat de bereik baarheidssituatie van een stad afhangt van de plek van de stad in een groter geheel, de 'Externe positie' en van de kenmerken van de verschillende buurten en wegen binnen de agglomeratie, de 'Interne situatie'. (zie ook Figuur 1 op pagina 12). Zowel in het begrip 'Externe positie' als in het begrip 'Interne situatie' worden infrastructuur en ruimtelijke ordening bij elkaar gebracht. Bij de 'Externe positie' gaat het dan met name om de landelijke en provinciale infrastructuur en de geaggregeerde kenmerken van een stad als geheel. Bij de 'Interne situatie' gaat het meer om de stedelijke infrastructuur en (het gebruik van) de verschillende buurten en wij ken in de agglomeratie. Tenslotte kan met behulp van ruimtelijke ingrepen en investeringen in de infrastructuur het gebruik van de ruimte respectievelijk de verkeerssituatie, en daarmee dus de bereikbaarheid, worden beïnvloed. De Quick-Scanmethode Bereikbaarheid Steden is ingevuld op basis van dit model. Bij 'externe positie' wordt de bestudeerde stad vergeleken met de concurrerende steden op basis van bereikbaarheidsindices (gebaseerd op het Zwaartekrachtmodel) en verschillende toegedeelde draagvlakken. Bepaalde combinaties van deze indicatorwaarden maken een stad geschikt voor bepaalde groepen van functies. Bij 'Interne situatie' wordt aangegeven hoe uitspraken kunnen worden gedaan over de verhouding tussen de verschillende buurten en wijken van de beschouwde stad onderling. Dit gebeurt op basis van de omvang en vorm van de stad, de structuur van de verschillende verkeersnetwerken, een groot aantal bereikbaarheidstypen (auto/fiets/OV /multimodaal, intern/ extern, ten opzichte van arbeidsplaatsen of de bevolking) en aanvullende indicatoren als verkeersintensiteit en leefbaarheid. Om vervolgens de bereikbaarheidspositie van (delen van) de stad te verbeteren kunnen twee verschil lende benaderingen worden gebruikt. Bij de eerste benadering wordt de bereikbaarheidspositie van een stad verbeterd door het ruimtegebruik en de functionele indeling van de stad beter af te stem men op de aanwezige infrastructuur en bereikbaarheidsprofielen. De tweede benadering gaat uit van het omgekeerde: ingrijpen in de infrastructuur, zodat deze beter aansluit op het bestaande ruimtegebruik. Beide benaderingen worden gebruikt in de Quick-Scanmethode. Belangrijkste conclusies van de studie zijn: \u95 Het is mogelijk een Quick-Scanmethode te ontwikkelen als tussenstap tussen vervoermodelberekening en beleid op basis van 'gezond verstand'. Dit kan gebeuren in een periode van 4 tot 6 weken. De resulterende beelden geven voldoende mogelijkheden voor gefundeerde uitspraken. \u95 De geproduceerde kaartbeelden zijn in het algemeen helder en overeenkomstig de verwachtingen die er vooraf waren. De relatie indicatorwaarde conclusies is echter minder 'een op een' dan ge hoopt: Enige kennis van de werkelijke situatie ter plekke blijft vereist om 'juiste' conclusies te trek ken. \u95 Het streven 50% tekst, 50% beeld kan goed worden bereikt. Het grootste gevaar is dat teveel figuren worden opgenomen. Er moet op gelet worden, dat het aantal figuren in de rapportage van de Quick Scan behapbaar blijft voor de lezer. \u95 Voor het maken van de Quick Scan is het zeer aan te bevelen dat de maker (tevens de gebruiker van de handleiding) ervaring heeft met het gebruikte GIS-pakket. \u95 Openbaar vervoer is meer gecompliceerd dan auto- en fietsverkeer: voor- en/of natransport en de frequentie bemoeilijken de modellering. Daarom moet voor de analyse van het openbaar vervoer met minder gedetailleerde (of minder algemeen aanvaarde) indicatoren worden gewerkt dan voor het autoverkeer om de bereikbaarheid te bepalen. Belangrijkste aanbevelingen zijn: \u95 Het is aan te bevelen nader onderzoek te doen naar ketenverplaatsingen, niet alleen om ze goed op te kunnen nemen in deze Quick-Scanmethode, maar nog meer ten behoeve van de modellering in het algemeen. Ook naar OV-modellering is nader onderzoek gewenst. \u95 Voor veel indicatoren is nog geen referentie beschikbaar om de bereikbaarheid van buurten van verschillende steden met elkaar te kunnen vergelijken. Oek is het de vraag in hoeverre het mogelijk is een 'universele' referentie te krijgen. Extra onderzoek naar de referentie is dan ook gewenst. \u95 Het is aan gemeenten aan te bevelen een 'informatiebank' op te richten, die bijhoudt waar zich binnen de gemeente welke informatie bevindt.Transport & PlanningCivil Engineering and Geoscience
'Web of Life: New Prints by Kevin Petrie'.
No full text‘Web of Life’ is the idea that everything, living and non-living, has a connection to everything else. This is sometimes expressed as a diagram showing the relationships between different parts of an ecosystem by a series of interconnected lines. The title of this exhibition borrows this idea and presents a new body of prints by Kevin Petrie alongside materials from the Iris Murdoch archive. The aim being that the artwork and archive materials create dialogues, connections and relationship between each other. The hope is that this might offer viewers lines of connection for considering both the artwork and archive materials. The exhibition is divided into named sections: ‘I will not wander’, ‘End of a night’, ‘The one alone’, ‘What lies beneath’, ‘Who is the boy’, ‘Stamps’, ‘Spiders’, and ‘Birds’. The titles refer to imagery in the prints and/or reference the content of the associated archive materials. The titles also offer possible ‘lenses’ for considering what is on display.
The prints have been inspired by reading Iris Murdoch’s novels. Kevin is a long standing Murdoch enthusiast and in the last two years he has been reading the twenty six novels in order. Certain aspects of the books started to stand out for potential visual interpretation and Kevin made quick drawings of these ideas in a sketchbook. These initial ideas were often later developed into paintings, drawings and the prints we see here. This coincided with Kevin’s re-engagement with etching – a process he first explored over 30-years ago as a young art student.
This work is also investigating some of the creative possibilities of printmaking. For example, printmaking allows for an image to be reproduced and so variations on a theme can be explored. This is seen in the pieces inspired by the 1969 novel ‘Bruno’s Dream’ where an elderly man, reflects on his life and enthusiasms, like stamps, spiders and champagne, while trying to reconcile aspects of his life and to reconnect with his estranged son. Along the way various people connect with him and support him. Kevin made two etchings of a recumbent ‘Bruno-like’ figure with various combinations and collaged (Chine Collé) additions. Some pieces are over printed to create a layered image. Kevin also explored another print process, lithography, at this time. This method involved drawing on a special stone from which the print is taken. Lithography is especially known for its ability to reproduce fine painterly effects.
As Kevin was making this body of work he visited the Iris Murdoch Archives and with the help of Dayna Miller the archivist he selected items from the collection to show alongside the prints. The archival materials highlight some aspects of Murdoch’s life including friendships, letter writing, and a love of spiders and stamps. The materials also showcase a range of Murdoch’s creative outputs spanning her life including novels, poetry, notebooks, letters, plays and even printmaking
Comparison between the RSA cryptosystem and elliptic curve cryptography
No full textIn the globalization era, cryptography becomes more popular and powerful; in fact it is very important in many areas (i.e. mathematics, computer science, networks, etc). This thesis provides an overview and comparison between the
RSA cryptosystem and elliptic curve cryptography, which both focus on sending and receiving messages. The basic theories of the RSA cryptosystem and elliptic curve cryptography are explored. The RSA cryptosystem and elliptic
curve cryptography theories are quite similar but elliptic curve cryptography is more complicated. The idea of the RSA cryptosystem is based on three
popular theorems which are Euler's Theorem, Fermat's Little Theorem and the Chinese Remainder Theorem. This discussion shows that the reliability and strong security of the RSA cryptosystem depends on the degree of dif-
ficulty of integer factorization. Therefore, methods for integer factorization are discussed. In addition I show how the security of elliptic curve cryptography depends on the apparent difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete
logarithm problem (ECDLP)
Increased energy efficiency of a steel foundry plant by using a cleaner production Quick-E-Scan methodology
No full textAbstract: The Quick-E-Scan methodology is a simple and quick method that is used to achieve operational energy efficiency as opposed to detailed energy audits, which therefore offers a no cost or less cost solutions for energy management programs with a limited budget. The quick-E-scan methodology was used to assesses a steel foundry plant based in Benoni through dividing the foundry into production sections which entailed a review of the current processes and usage patterns of energy within the plant and a detailed analysis of options available for improvement and profitable areas in which energy saving measures may be implemented for an increase energy efficiency which can be presented to management of the company
Pension reform in Latin America : quick fixes or sustainable reform?
No full textBecause of better health and higher standards of living, people are living longer. By 2030, more than 16 percent of the world's population will be older than 60, compared with 9 percent today. As a result, pension systems will need reform. Most current systems have substantial unfunded liabilities that will impose significant financial burdens onfuture generations without providing adequate protection for older individuals and lower-income workers. Pension reform is inevitable because of demographic imperatives and because many pension systems are financially unsustainable. Unfunded public pension systems pose political risk if promises to future retirees cannot be met. Pension reform is both technically and politically complex but more and more countries are beginning to address the problem. The question is whether to adopt quick fixes or sustainable changes that will benefit the macroeconomy and protect elderly and lower-income citizens. Quick fixes--typical in many economies--generally involve changes in eligibility (such as retirement age), changes in the rate of contribution or the population of workers on which contributions are calculated, or changes in the structure of benefits. Countries in Latin America have been ahead of other regions in undertaking major reform from pay-as-you-go defined-benefit pension plans to fully funded, defined-contribution pension plans. Because of the successful Chilean pension model, a notable number of Latin American countries have undertaken deep pension reform. The author highlights reform efforts in a sample of countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. Vigilance is still needed, says the author. Effective oversight is essential, and so is complementary reform in the banking, insurance, and securities markets. In capital markets, for example, regulation must be strengthened and the requirement that pension fund investments be made only in government-related securities must be eliminated. New types of insurance must be made available and there must be increased competition among insurance providers. More work must be done but the region's pension systems have started on the right course.Banks&Banking Reform,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Public Health Promotion,Pensions&Retirement Systems,Environmental Economics&Policies,Pensions&Retirement Systems,Economic Stabilization,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
Applying the quick exposure check in the workstation design process, physical and virtual prototype assessment
No full textBACKGROUND: The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) assesses four major body parts and engages users in assessing some physical interactions relevant to design in task analysis. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we investigated the application of QEC as the ergonomic intervention to detect pre-production ergonomic design faults in the apple sorting machine by applying physical and virtual prototyping for three different tasks analysis divided into two phases (Task 1: Apple harvesting and preparation for sorting; Task 2: Sorting control and separation of waste fruits; Task 3: Transfer of separated apples). METHOD: First, the QEC questionnaire was administered while Iranian participants interacted with the machine to detect abnormal posture. Second, we redesigned a concept of the machine and assessed it with QEC by a focus group. RESULTS: Before design, the high pressure in Task 1 is on the back (dynamic), shoulder/arm, and very high pressure in Task 2, and in Task 3 on the back (static), arm/shoulder/neck, making an uncomfortable situation for posture. After redesign, we observed decreased pressures on the back/shoulder/arm in Task 1 from high to medium, in Task 3 from very high to low, and also in Task 2, this was detectable decreasing from very high pressures on the back/shoulder/arm and the high pressures on the neck to medium. CONCLUSION: Prototyping with QEC demonstrated that accurate redesigning of the machine with concentration on shifting from static tasks to dynamic or conversely, and ease of access by adjusting dimensions according to anthropometry and auxiliary products, could reduce musculoskeletal disorders.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied Ergonomics and Desig
A quick guide for creating high-quality jobs through restoration on national forests
No full textThis archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Title from PDF caption (viewed on September 8, 2015)."The purpose of this quick guide is to help you, as a national forests and grasslands staff person, work with key stakeholders and partners to develop and implement strategies to create jobs from restoration using tools already at your disposal"--Page 1.Includes bibliographical references (page 1).Made possible with funding from the USDA Forest Service.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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