1,721,176 research outputs found
The Effects of Wind Induced Conductor Motion on Accreted Atmospheric Ice
Full text linkGalloping of transmission lines creates some cyclic stresses in the conductor and accreted atmospheric ice covering the conductor, which may result in ice failure leading to shedding. Attempts have been made in this research to estimate these cyclic stresses and experimental tests have been conducted to study their effects on atmospheric ice. First, galloping of an
ice-covered conductor was simulated by appropriate modification of existing models for bare conductors submitted to galloping. Then, the results of simulation were applied as input for a new model developed using ABAQUS. Results show that the layers of atmospheric ice at the top and bottom of the conductor endure maximum stress. The results of experimental tests with increasing cyclic stress show that ice does not break during
galloping at wind velocities below 4.5 m/s. The tests under cyclic loads with constant amplitude reveal that the ice does not fail under stresses corresponding to wind speeds of 3 and 4 m/s, and
sometimes fails under stresses arising at a wind speed of 5 m/s
Modularized electrical power systems. The three-bus architecture
No full textThe modularization of industrial plants concerns the decomposition of the system into multiple subsystems that are built in yards located in different areas of the world and then assembled on the construction site. This design philosophy allows for the reduction of construction costs and schedules. Unconventional plant solutions can make the most of this system concept in the electrical sector. In this article, an alternative architecture for electrical distribution is proposed. The suggested scheme allows the reduction in the number of items of equipment and the weight of the system, resulting in an optimal solution for a modularized system. The results are achieved by decreasing the required installed power and the weight of the copper used for the cables
Transactive energy solution in a port's microgrid based on blockchain technology
No full textIn the last decade, the importance of modern grids is more sensible than before due to provided higher efficiency, reduced peak demand, improved security resulting in the alteration of grid shape from conventional grids to smart grids. The case study is the port of Long Beach (POLB), placed in California, which consists of 11 independent piers operating as a single microgrid that has an independent energy management system. This paper proposes an integrated energy management strategy based on blockchain technology for the POLB including all piers that significantly reduce the amount of peak power imposing extra cost from the port manager's point of view. In addition, the benefits of smart grids that are operating based on blockchain technology, such as high-level security, and efficient maintenance cost, will be discussed
Power sharing model for energy communities of buildings
No full textThe new concept of renewable energy communities introduced by the Revised European Directive on the promotion of renewable sources (2018/2001) has opened new possibilities for microgrids. In fact, it permits to enhance the value of the energy produced by renewable sources sharing it inside an 'energy community' and to increase the social welfare. In this article, the authors investigated about the actual legislation framework on energy communities at the European and Italian level, highlighting regulatory problems and barriers that are delaying their constitutions. The authors propose a 'power sharing model' (PSM), which is useful for energy communities based on the sharing of renewables and other energy services. The PSM is suitable for both the building level and larger communities. PSM has been analyzed through a case study that regards the preliminary study of a smart microgrid that should be realized in Campobasso, Italy, to connect buildings of the public administration. This scenario was investigated through a simulation conducted in Simulink environment where the control strategy was implemented, and the results were compared to a traditional configuration for renewable sources integration. The results highlight the adequacy of PSM for the energy community for the building's microgrids application
Implementation of SCADA systems for a real microgrid lab testbed
No full textConsidering the complexity of controller systems in and also managing a microgrid (MGs), using automation systems can be an effective step in increasing energy efficiency, high reliability, as well as economic and environmental issues. In order to achieve these goals, this paper presents a comprehensive testbed for control and energy management in MG lab project is called LAMBDA MG in Sapienza University of Rome. The MG is composed of several sources (Photovoltaic, Storage, Emergency Generator Set) a smart switchboard and loads (lights, HVAC, plugs). The control strategy consists of two different subnets: the first one is based on a distributed home and building electronic system (HBES) for the supervisory and control for energy and comfort goals and the second one based on a central PLC for the operation of the different sources in grid and island mode respect the grid. The two subnets are integrated in a common SCADA system able to provide a real time monitoring, alarm handling, human machine interfacing, event and data
A 'Power sharing model' (PSM) for buildings of the public administration
No full textThe new concept of renewable energy communities introduced by the Revised European Directive on the promotion of renewable sources (2018/2001) has opened new possibilities for microgrids. In fact, it permits to enhance the value of the energy produced by renewable sources sharing it inside an 'energy community' and to increase the social welfare. In the present paper, the authors investigated about the actual legislation framework on energy communities at European and Italian level, highlighting regulatory problems and barriers that are delaying their constitutions. The authors propose a 'power sharing model' (PSM) useful for energy communities and based on the sharing of renewables and other energy services. PSM is suitable both at building level and for larger communities. PSM has been analyzed through a case study that regards the preliminary study of a smart microgrid that should be realized in Campobasso, Italy, to connect buildings of the public administration. This scenario was investigated through a simulation conducted in Simulink environment were the control strategy was implemented, and the results were compared to a traditional configuration for renewable sources integration
Ultracapacitors for port crane applications: Sizing and techno-economic analysis
Full text linkThe use of energy storage with high power density and fast response time at container terminals (CTs) with a power demand of tens of megawatts is one of the most critical factors for peak reduction and economic benefits. Peak shaving can balance the load demand and facilitate the participation of small power units in generation based on renewable energies. Therefore, in this paper, the economic efficiency of peak demand reduction in ship to shore (STS) cranes based on the ultracapacitor (UC) energy storage sizing has been investigated. The results show the UC energy storage significantly reduce the peak demand, increasing the load factor, load leveling, and most importantly, an outstanding reduction in power and energy cost. In fact, the suggested approach is the start point to improve reliability and reduce peak demand energy consumption
Three-bus architecture for modularized electrical power systems
No full textThe modularization of industrial plants concerns the decomposition of the system into multiple subsystems that are built in yards located in different areas of the world and then assembled on the construction site. This design philosophy allows to reduce construction costs and schedule. Unconventional plant solutions can make the most of this system concept also in the electrical sector. In this paper, an alternative architecture for the electrical distribution is proposed. The suggested scheme allows the reduction of the number of equipment and the weight of the system resulting an optimal solution for a modularized system. The results are achieved by decreasing the required installed power and the weight of the used copper for the cables
Investigating EV Charging Station in LAMBDA Microgrid for V2B Applications
No full textThe advent of bidirectional chargers in electric vehicles (EVs) has unlocked the potential for innovative technologies like vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-building (V2B) systems. This paper focuses on the initial phase of the EV charging station at LAMBDA MG Lab, where the advantages of V2B technology are explored. By leveraging V2G capabilities through optimized operations, the implementation at LAMBDA MG Lab offers several key benefits, including enhanced energy flexibility, significant cost savings in energy bills, and efficient management of peak demand
Microgrid and building retrofit for NZEB target recognition: from convent to historical residence
No full textGreat part of the Italian buildings have historical value and it make difficult to reach high energy performances, due to the limitations introduced by the legislation to preserve their cultural impact. Therefore, in the present paper is analyzed a possible retrofit scenario for the envelope of an historical edifice and the creation of a microgrid in order to optimize the electrical energy produced by PV panels with the goal of reaching the Nearly Zero Energy Building target, despite of the boundaries limiting the possible interventions
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