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KERAJAAN FUNAN (ABAD 1-6 M): SEJARAH, HEGEMONI DAN TRANSISI POLITIK BERDASARKAN CATATAN KENNETH R. HALL
Get PDFAbstrak: Buku berjudul Maritime Trade and State Development in Early Southeast Asia, karya Kenneth R. Hall, yang diterbitkan oleh University of Hawai’i Press, tahun 2019, memberikan perspektif baru terhadap kajian sejarah maritim Asia Tenggara, khususnya periode awal masehi hingga abad keempat belas. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk meninjau salah satu tema penting dalam buku tersebut, yakni sejarah dan perkembangan Funan, sebagai kerajaan pertama di Asia Tenggara, yang berkuasa sejak abad pertama sampai keenam masehi, akan tetapi belum banyak kalangan akademisi ataupun sejarawan yang mengkaji secara mendalam terkait tema tersebut, selain oleh Bernard H.M. Vlekke (1943), George Cœdés (1964), M.C. Ricklefs, dkk. (2013), dan Abd. Rahman Hamid (2015). Melalui metode deskriptif-analisis, artikel ini berusaha mendeskripsikan secara keseluruhan buku Hall pada salah satu bagian yang mengangkat kajian tentang Funan, mulai dari sejarah pembentukan Funan menjadi sebuah kerajaan, kemudian mengalami masa kejayaan, hingga kemundurannya, setelah itu dianalisis menggunakan kajian-kajian sebelumnya yang membahas Funan dari berbagai perspektif, di antaranya proses Indianisasi dan masuknya pengaruh ajaran Hindu-Budha, serta keterkaitannya dengan kerajaan-kerajaan lain di Asia Tenggara, baik dalam aspek sejarah, sosial budaya, ekonomi, maupun politiknya.Abstract: A book entitled "Maritime Trade and State Development in Early Southeast Asia" written by Kenneth R. Hall and published by the University of Hawai'i Press in 2019, gives a new perspective on the study of Maritime Southeast Asia history, especially the period from the early AD to the fourteenth century. This article aimed to review one of the important themes in the book, namely the history and development of Funan as the first kingdom in Southeast Asia that ruled from the first to the sixth century AD. However, only a few academics or historians have studied this theme in depth apart from Bernard H.M. Vlekke (1943), George Cœdés (1964), M.C. Ricklefs et al. (2013), and Abd. Rahman Hamid (2015). Through the descriptive-analytic method, this article attempted to describe Hall's book in its entirety in one of the sections, which raised a study of Funan, starting from the history of the formation of Funan into a kingdom, experiencing its heyday to its decline. Then, it was analyzed using previous studies that discussed Funan from various perspectives, including the process of Indianization and the influx of Hindu-Buddhist teachings, as well as its relationship with other kingdoms in Southeast Asia, both in historical, socio-cultural, economic, and political aspects
Personal Status and Ritualized Exchange in Majapahit Java
No full textKenneth R. Hall
Durant la période des années 1200-1500, la mobilité dans l'échelle sociale javanaise s'explique par une richesse nouvelle et des opportunités de distinction de statut. La cour encouragea l'élite des communautés rurales à se penser comme partie d'un ordre royal hiérarchique basé sur les lignées et à participer à la vénération des ancêtres du roi. Une personne pouvait prendre place dans le réseau rituel royal et profiter d'une amélioration de son statut personnel en recevant un nouveau titre. Elle se soumettait ainsi au pouvoir du roi, de ses ancêtres et des dieux indiens avec lesquels ils se confondaient. Des familles étaient encouragées à rechercher richesse et statut et à développer la conscience du lignage, ce qui eut pour effet de donner un essor aux activités rurales. Les profits de l'économie rizicole javanaise largement excédentaires aux XIVe et XVe siècles permit à l'élite et aux aspirants à celle-ci (en compétition avec la vieille élite pour ses privilèges) de participer dans tout le royaume aux fêtes et célébrations fastueuses qui culminaient dans les cérémonies de cour dans lesquelles elle faisait montre de son succès matériel. En théorie, le roi contrôlait toutes les forces affectant la prospérité terrestre ainsi que le salut éternel, ce qui lui permettait d'incorporer ses sujets terrestres dans la société centrée sur la cour de Majapahit.Hall Kenneth R. Personal Status and Ritualized Exchange in Majapahit Java. In: Archipel, volume 59, 2000. pp. 51-96
Excess Gibbs energy. Pyrrolidine-cyclohexane system
No full textA data table and a correlation equation are presented for the excess free energy of the Pyrrolidine-cyclohexane system at 298.15 K
Excess Gibbs energy. N-methylpiperidine-cyclohexane system
No full textA data table and a correlation equation are presented for the excess free energy of the N-methylpiperidine-cyclohexane system at 298.15 K
Excess Gibbs energy. Perhydroazepine-cyclohexane system
No full textA data table and a correlation equation are presented for the excess free energy of the perhydroazepine-cyclohexane system at 298.15 K
Excess enthalpy. N-methylpyrrolidine-cyclohexane system
No full textA data table and a correlation equation are presented for the excess enthalpies of the N-methylpyrrolidine-cyclohexane system, single-phase, both components liq. at 298.15 K
Liquid-vapor equilibrium. Perhydroazepine-cyclohexane system
No full textA data table and correlation equations are presented for the binary perhydroazepine-cyclohexane system, single-phase liq. in equil. with vapor, pure components liq. in equil. with vapor at 298.15 K
Liquid-vapor equilibrium. Azetidine-cyclohexane system
No full textA data table and correlation equations are presented for the binary azetidine-cyclohexane system, single-phase liq. in equil. with vapor, pure components liq. in equil. with vapor at 298.15 K
Excess Gibbs energy. N-methylpyrrolidine-cyclohexane system
No full textA data table and a correlation equation are presented for the excess free energy of the N-methylpyrrolidine-cyclohexane system at 298.15 K
Liquid-vapor equilibrium. N-methylpyrrolidine-cyclohexane system
No full textA data table and correlation equations are presented for the binary N-methylpyrrolidine-cyclohexane system, single-phase liq. in equil. with vapor, pure components liq. in equil. with vapor at 298.15 K
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