238 research outputs found
Modeling Uncertainty in Integrated Assessment of Climate Change: A Multimodel Comparison
No full textSpreadsheet with the IAM results used to create all of the tables and figure
Modeling Uncertainty in Integrated Assessment of Climate Change: A Multimodel Comparison
No full textSpreadsheet with the IAM results used to create all of the tables and figure
Retrospective Examination of Demand-side Energy-efficiency Policies
No full textEnergy efficiency policies are a primary avenue for reducing carbon emissions, with potential additional benefits from improved air quality and energy security. We review literature on a broad range of existing non-transportation energy efficiency policies covering appliance standards, financial incentives, information and voluntary programs, and government energy use (building and professional codes are not included). Estimates indicate these programs are likely to have collectively saved up to 4 quads of energy annually, with appliance standards and utility demand-side management likely making up at least half these savings. Energy Star, Climate Challenge, and 1605b voluntary emissions reductions may also contribute significantly to aggregate energy savings, but how much of these savings would have occurred absent these programs is less clear. Although even more uncertain, reductions in CO2, NOX, SO2, and PM-10 associated with energy savings may contribute about 10% more to the value of energy savings.energy efficiency policy, appliance standards, information, incentives, voluntary programs
Probability Experiments in the Secondary School
No full textThis article, created by L.W. Gates of Gillingham Technical High School, describes complete instructions for two probability experiments targeting middle school aged students. The author states, "Probability theory is taught as part of the normal curriculum in most secondary schools, but it is not usually possible, due to shortage of time, lack of equipment, or teacher reluctance to perform probability experiments." This lesson attempts to alleviate these issues in a secondary school setting
Orton-Gillingham based reading instruction: effectiveness with elementary special education students
No full textThis capstone asks: How effective is the Sonday System 1, an Orton-Gillingham based reading program, with elementary special education students? The author reviews research regarding Sonday System 1 and Orton-Gillingham reading methodology. A qualitative approach is utilized with a focus group of elementary special education teachers currently implementing the Sonday System 1. Though the participants express support for the Sonday System 1, the study also highlights the need for further research. The author makes recommendations for more effective implementation of the Sonday System 1 to best meet the needs of special education students
Measuring Marginal Congestion Costs of Urban Transportation: Do Networks Matter?
No full textIn determining the marginal cost of congestion, economists have traditionally relied upon directly measuring traffic congestion on network links, disregarding any “network effects,” since the latter are difficult to estimate. While for simple networks the comparison can be done within a theoretical framework, it is important to know whether such network effects in real large-scale networks are quantitatively significant. In this paper we use a strategic transportation planning model (START) to compare marginal congestion costs computed link-by-link with measures taking into account network effects. We find that while in aggregate network effects are not significant, congestion measured on a single link is a poor predictor of total congestion costs imposed by travel on that link. Also, we analyze the congestion proliferation effect on the network to see how congestion is distributed within an urban area.marginal congestion costs, congestion pricing, urban networks
The long-term impact of the market stability reserve on the EU Emission Trading System.
No full textstatus: Published onlin
Strengthening the EU Emission Trading System: Its Impact, Unintended Consequences & Overlapping Policies
No full textstatus: Published onlin
Modeling Endogenous Technological Change for Climate Policy Analysis
No full textThe approach used to model technological change in a climate policy model is a critical determinant of its results. We provide an overview of the different approaches used in the literature, with an emphasis on recent developments regarding endogenous technological change, research and development, and learning. Detailed examination sheds light on the salient features of each approach, including strengths, limitations, and policy implications. Key issues include proper accounting for the opportunity costs of climate-related knowledge generation, treatment of knowledge spillovers and appropriability, and the empirical basis for parameterizing technological relationships. No single approach appears to dominate on all these dimensions, and different approaches may be preferred depending on the purpose of the analysis, be it positive or normative.exogenous, technology, R&D, learning, induced
Energy Efficiency Economics and Policy
No full textEnergy efficiency and conservation are considered key means for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving other energy policy goals, but associated market behavior and policy responses have engendered debates in the economic literature. We review economic concepts underlying consumer decisionmaking in energy efficiency and conservation and examine related empirical literature. In particular, we provide an economic perspective on the range of market barriers, market failures, and behavioral failures that have been cited in the energy efficiency context. We assess the extent to which these conditions provide a motivation for policy intervention in energy-using product markets, including an examination of the evidence on policy effectiveness and cost. While theory and empirical evidence suggest there is potential for welfare-enhancing energy efficiency policies, many open questions remain, particularly relating to the extent of some of the key market and behavioral failures.energy efficiency, appliance standards, energy policy, market failures, behavioral failures
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