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Cyclacanthia bellae Samaai & Kelly 2003
No full textCyclacanthia bellae (Samaai & Kelly, 2003) (Figs. 2 F, 3 A, E–F, 4 A) Latrunculia bellae Samaai & Kelly, 2003: 14, Fig. 3 C, 4 D, 5 D. Holotype. BMNH 2003.1.10.1: Ryi Banks, Algoa Bay, South east South Africa. Paratype. SAM H 4963: Ryi Banks, Algoa Bay, South east South Africa. Description (modified from Samaai et al., 2003). Thinly encrusting sponge, 5 mm thick in life, surface crowded with very small conical oscules and numerous thinlipped craterlike areolate porefields (Fig. 3 A). Compressible in life, slightly felty to the touch, emerald green in life, dark chocolate brown internally and in preservative. The sponges were collected from a moderately rugged rocky bottom with patches of sand between rocks, on Ryi Banks, Algoa Bay, southeastern South Africa, at 10– 22 m. Spicules. Megascleres— Styles: Smooth, hastate, centrally thickened straight or slightly sinuous styles, 364 (319–400) long x 12 m wide (Fig 4 A). Microscleres— Acanthose isospinodiscorhabds: The median whorl is composed of four groups of discrete spines distributed evenly around the shaft, the spines of the manubrium and apical whorl are slanted obliquely from the median whorl and the spines are orientated at different angles within each whorl. A single spike protrudes from the apex and base of the spicule, all spines are markedly acanthose, 46 (44–51) m long (Fig. 2 F). Skeleton. Large dense swathes of megascleres, 230–250 m wide, emerge from the base of the sponge towards the upper choanosome, where they diverge to form loose brushes and a whispy polygonal reticulation of tracts c. 60–180 m wide, forming a mesh c. 230 m wide (Fig. 3 F). Interstitial megascleres and microscleres are abundant. The ectosome of tangentially arranged styles is c. 320 m thick, and is aligned by an irregular palisade of densely packed isospinodiscorhabds (Fig. 3 E). Remarks. While Samaai et al. (2003) considered C. bellae (Samaai & Kelly) to be unique amongst South African Latrunculiidae, they did not consider the combination of characters that this species displayed to be sufficient evidence for the erection of a new genus until further species were discovered. The discovery of two additional species has now justified this action. The isospinodiscorhabds of C. bellae (Samaai & Kelly) (Fig. 2 F) are superficially similar to the isoconicodiscorhabds of the North Atlantic latrunculid genus Sceptrella (Fig. 2 C) in that they both have whorls of discrete spines grouped in an irregular distribution around the shaft (‘furcate spines’ of Samaai & Kelly, 2002), and these microscleres are both secondarily spinose. The key difference is that in the isospinodiscorhabds of Cyclacanthia sp. nov., the subsidiary whorl is absent in all three known species. The morphology of the isospinodiscorhabds is in fact more similar to the isochiadiscorhabds of Tsitsikamma. While the mature microscleres differ considerably in their overall morphology (the microscleres of Tsitsikamma bear three regular whorls of apically spined tubercules (Fig. 2 B), the subsidiary whorl in both types of microscleres is absent, and the ontogenetic pathways of both are similar. Moreover, species in both genera have thick tracts or swathes of megascleres in addition to the typically whispy polygonal reticulation of other Latrunculiidae (Samaai & Kelly 2002; Samaai et al., 2003). The phylogenetic implications of the similarities between Cyclacanthia sp. nov. and Tsitsikamma will be considered in the final discussion of this work. The primary character of C. bellae (Samaai & Kelly), that is diagnostic at the species level, is the overall morphology of the microsclere, the design and geometry of the spines in the various whorls on the microsclere, the degree and nature of ornamentation of the spines, and the basal choanosomal architecture (Table 1).Published as part of Samaai, Toufiek, Govender, Vasha & Kelly, Michelle, 2004, Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 725 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16950
FIGURE 3 in Three new remarkable carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from deep New Zealand and Australian (Macquarie Island) waters
No full textFIGURE 3. Abyssocladia carcharias sp. nov. (holotype NIWA 62124): A, B. growth stages of isochelae I; C. growth stages of isochelae II & III.Published as part of Kelly, Michelle & Vacelet, Jean, 2011, Three new remarkable carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from deep New Zealand and Australian (Macquarie Island) waters, pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 2976 on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27826
FIGURE 1 in Cinachyrella anatriaenilla sp. nov., a new tetillid sponge with microacanthoxeas from American Samoa in the South Pacific
No full textFIGURE 1. Collection location with geographic coordinates showing the type locality (arrow), just west of Ofu Island in the western section of American Samoa. Scale bars A = 4000 km; B = 30 km; C = 2 km.Published as part of Fernandez, Julio C. C., Kelly, Michelle & Bell, Lori J., 2017, Cinachyrella anatriaenilla sp. nov., a new tetillid sponge with microacanthoxeas from American Samoa in the South Pacific, pp. 81-90 in Zootaxa 4258 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/56917
FIGURE 12 in New sponge species from hydrothermal vent and cold seep sites off New Zealand
No full textFIGURE 12. Pseudosuberites thurberi sp. nov., holotype NIWA 27044, spicules: A, Choanosomal tylostyle, straight shafted; B, Choanosomal tylostyle, acutely bent in the upper proximal end of the spicule; C, Small, possibly ectosomal tylostyle; D, Choanosomal and ectosomal tylostyles of different lengths.Published as part of Kelly, Michelle & Rowden, Ashley A., 2019, New sponge species from hydrothermal vent and cold seep sites off New Zealand, pp. 401-438 in Zootaxa 4576 (3) on page 429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/371565
FIGURE 7 in Two new genera in the family Podospongiidae (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) with eight new Western Pacific species
No full textFIGURE 7. New Zealand fossil sponge spicules collected from the late Eocene–early Oligocene Oamaru Diatomite (c. 43–34 Ma). Figures reproduced from Plates 11 and 12 of Hinde and Holmes (1892).Published as part of Sim-Smith, Carina & Kelly, Michelle, 2011, Two new genera in the family Podospongiidae (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) with eight new Western Pacific species, pp. 32-54 in Zootaxa 2976 on page 51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20073
FIG. 2 in Description of a new lithistid sponge from northeastern New Zealand, and consideration of the phylogenetic affinities of families Corallistidae and Neopeltidae
No full textFIG. 2. — Lithistid desma and triaene morphologies; A, smooth tetracrepid pseudodendroclone with branched terminii, in situ, Racodiscula sp, Caribbean; B, mammilate acrepid megaclones, note simple zygomes (z), in situ, undescribed species of Pleroma, New Zealand; C, sphaeroclones with several arms arising from one end of a globular spiky, hollow (hc) centrum (c), in situ, sphaerocladinid Vetulina stalactites Schmidt, Caribbean; D, dichotriaene with bifurcate clads, cladome simple and non-ornamented, rhabd long relative to cladome width, dicranocladinid Corallistes typus Schmidt, Caribbean; E, dichotriaenes with regular cladome but with surface ornamentation, rhabd long relative to cladome width, dicranocladinid Corallistes nolitangere Schmidt, Caribbean. Scale bars: A, 167 µm; B, 208 µm; C, 56 µm; D, 200 µm; E, 111 µm.Published as part of Kelly, Michelle, 2000, Description of a new lithistid sponge from northeastern New Zealand, and consideration of the phylogenetic affinities of families Corallistidae and Neopeltidae, pp. 265-283 in Zoosystema 22 (2) on page 269, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.540019
Figure 4 in An unprecedented new genus and family of Tetractinellida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from New Zealand's Colville Ridge, with a new type of mitochondrial group I intron
No full textFigure 4. Mitochondrial intron of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov. COI, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene; COB, cytochrome b gene; nt, nucleotide; ORF, open reading frame.Published as part of <i>Kelly, Michelle & Cárdenas, Paco, 2016, An unprecedented new genus and family of Tetractinellida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from New Zealand's Colville Ridge, with a new type of mitochondrial group I intron, pp. 335-352 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 177 (2)</i> on page 341, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12365, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10109469">http://zenodo.org/record/10109469</a>
Cyclacanthia cloverlyae Samaai, Govender & Kelly, 2004, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Cyclacanthia cloverlyae</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 2 E, 3B, 4B, E, 5A, B)</p> <p> <b>Holotype material.</b> SAM H­ 5080: Christmas reef, Umhlali, Tugela Banks region, Durban, East coast of South Africa, 29° 47 395'S, 31° 27 373 'E, 17 m, collected by C. Lawrence, EKZN, 24 July 2003.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Thinly encrusting sponge forming a circular patch 9 cm long, 6 cm wide and 3 mm thick (Fig. 3 B). Surface smooth, velvety to the touch, with volcano­shaped oscules, 5 mm high x 3 mm wide at base, 1 mm at apex being closely packed (5mm apart), and a few nodular truncate areolate porefields, 3 mm high x 3 mm wide, with no poral membrane covering the opening. Texture compressible, soft and fleshy. Colour in life olive green; in preservative dark green.</p> <p> <b>Spicules</b>. <b>Megascleres—</b> Styles: Smooth, straight, occasionally wavy, some centrally thickened, fusiform; 321 (273–370) x 5 (4–7) µm (Fig. 4 B, E). <b>Microscleres—</b> isospinodiscorhabds: The apical whorl has 3 groups of 4 spines radiating obliquely from the shaft away from the median whorl, each with one spine facing towards the spicule shaft. The apex is armoured with a double spike with a single additional spine on each primary spine. The manubrium is identical to the apical whorl, with 4 groups of 3 spines that emanate obliquely from the shaft, and one or more double spikes at the apex. The median whorl is equidistant from both apical whorl and manubrium; 3 groups of 4 spines are directed horizontally from the shaft: 32 (25–44) µm (Fig. 2 E).</p> <p> <b>Skeleton</b>. Thick tracts 166–274 µm emanate from the deep choanosome and diverge towards the surface forming plumose tracts c. 225 µm wide. The upper choanosome has an irregular polygonal­meshed reticulation formed by wispy tracts of smooth styles (Fig. 5 A). Interstitial megascleres and microscleres are abundant. The ectosome is a thin paratangential layer of megascleres, c. 147 µm thick, and is aligned with an irregular palisade of isospinodiscorhabds (Fig. 5 B).</p> <p> <b>Ecology</b>. The sponges were found on a rocky reef at 17 m depth in the Tugela Banks area of Umhlali, which is very turbid with visibility often less than 2 m distance. This species is rare; only a single specimen was found.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Named for Miss Cloverley Lawrence, the co­ordinator of the EKZN reef project, who collected the specimen described here.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Cyclacanthia cloverlyae</i> sp. nov. is distinguished from the type species <i>C. bellae</i> (Samaai & Kelly) by features of external morphology and colouration; <i>C. cloverlyae</i> has thick nodular truncate areolate porefields, with no poral membrane, and is olive green in colour, whilst the surface of <i>C. bellae</i> (Samaai & Kelly) is covered with numerous tiny thin­lipped truncate areolate porefields, and is emerald green with touches of brown. <i>C. cloverlyae</i> sp. nov. and <i>C. bellae</i> (Samaai & Kelly) are further separated on the dimensions of their megascleres, those of <i>C. cloverlyae</i> sp. nov. being slightly smaller (Table 1), and on the smaller size and morphology of the microscleres (Table 1). The microscleres of <i>C. cloverlyae</i> sp. nov. are more regular and considerably less ornamented (acanthose) than those in <i>C. bellae</i> (Samaai & Kelly).</p>Published as part of <i>Samaai, Toufiek, Govender, Vasha & Kelly, Michelle, 2004, Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidae incertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 725</i> on pages 10-12, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/169508">10.5281/zenodo.169508</a>
FIGURE 3 in New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands
No full textFIGURE 3. Chelonaplysilla violacea (Von Lendenfeld, 1883). A. MCCDRS9432, in situ; B. MCCDRS9431, deck photo. C. Cross section of MCCDRS9432 showing the surface sand grains reticulation. D. Spongin fibre from MCCDRS9432 showing the distinct concentric laminations and diffuse pith.Published as part of Sim-Smith, Carina, Hickman, Cleveland & Kelly, Michelle, 2021, New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5012 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5012.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/515806
FIGURE 34 in Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species
No full textFIGURE 34. Penares astronavis sp. nov., holotype NIWA 82272: A. Holotype preserved in ethanol; B. Section showing the position of the dichotriaenes below the cortex; C. Section showing the dense layer of microrhabds in the cortex and the abundant oxyasters in the choanosome.Published as part of Sim-Smith, Carina & Kelly, Michelle, 2019, Review of the sponge genus Penares (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Astrophorina) in the New Zealand EEZ, with descriptions of new species, pp. 1-56 in Zootaxa 4638 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4638.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/333526
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