1,720,981 research outputs found
Susac's syndrome: Leptomeningeal enhancement on 3D FLAIR MRI
No full textBACKGROUND
Contrast-enhanced (ce) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (FLAIR MRI) has recently been shown to identify leptomeningeal pathology in multiple sclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate leptomeningeal enhancement on three-dimensional (3D) FLAIR in a case of Susac's syndrome.
METHODS
Leptomeningeal enhancement was correlated with clinical activity over 20 months and compared to retinal fluorescein angiography.
RESULTS
The size, number, and location of leptomeningeal enhancement varied over time and generally correlated with symptom severity. The appearance was remarkably similar to that of retinal vasculopathy.
CONCLUSION
Ce 3D FLAIR may aid in diagnosis and understanding of pathophysiology in Susac's syndrome and may serve as a biomarker for disease activity
Computational Fluid Dynamics and Its Impact on Flow Measurements Using Phase-Contrast MR-Angiography
No full textRationale and Objectives: Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are discussed with respect to their poten-tial for quality assurance of flow quantification using commercial software for the evaluation of magnetic resonance phase contrast angiography (PCA) data. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance phase contrast angiography data was evaluated with the Nova software. CFD simulations were performed on that part of the vessel system where the flow behavior was unexpected or non-reliable. The CFD simulations were performed with in-house written software. Results: The numerical CFD calculations demonstrated that under reasonable boundary conditions, defined by the PCA velocity values, the flow behavior within the critical parts of the vessel system can be correctly reproduced. Conclusion: CFD simulations are an important extension to commercial flow quantification tools with regard to quality assurance
Suprasellar chordoid neoplasm with expression of thyroid transcription factor 1: evidence that chordoid glioma of the third ventricle and pituicytoma may form part of a spectrum of lineage-related tumors of the basal forebrain.
No full textChordoid glioma of the third ventricle is a rare neuroepithelial tumor characterized by a unique histomorphology and exclusive association with the suprasellar/third ventricular compartment. Variously interpreted as either astrocytic- or ependymal-like, and speculatively ascribed to the lamina terminalis/subcommissural organ, its histogenesis remains, nevertheless, unsettled. Here, we report on a suprasellar chordoid glioma occurring in a 52-year-old man. Although displaying otherwise typical morphological features, the tumor was notable for expression of thyroid transcription factor 1, a marker of tumors of pituicytic origin in the context of the sellar region. We furthermore found overlapping immunoprofiles of this example of chordoid glioma and pituicytic tumors (pituicytoma and spindle cell oncocytoma), respectively. Specifically, phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6, a marker of mTOR pathway activation, was expressed in both groups. Based on these findings, we suggest that chordoid glioma and pituicytic tumors may form part of a spectrum of lineage-related neoplasms of the basal forebrain
Qualitative and Quantitative Perfusion Parameters Determined by 3D Single-Shot GRASE ASL MR Imaging
No full textMultiple cerebral lesions in a 60-year-old female patient with a history of liver transplantation.
No full textAuthor Response: The Index Vein Pointing to the Origin of the Migraine Aura Symptom: A Case Series.
No full textCluster headache and macroprolactinoma: Case report of a rare, but potential important causality.
No full textWhile headache is not an uncommon symptom in patients suffering from pituitary adenomas, cluster headache (CH) has rarely been reported in such cases. Headache associated with hyperprolactinemia has been reported to be responsive to dopamine agonists (DA agonists) in many patients. We report on a patient with refractory CH secondary to a macroprolactinoma who showed immediate and permanent clinical and radiologic recovery following medical treatment with DA agonists. Measurement of prolactin levels in addition to cranial magnetic resonance imaging might be considered in patients with refractory CH, until the significance of this potential causality becomes clearer
Cognitive and emotional effects of carotid stenosis
Get PDFPRINCIPLES
Patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS) are at risk of ipsilateral stroke and chronic compromise of cerebral blood flow. It is under debate whether the hypo-perfusion or embolism in CAS is directly related to cognitive impairment. Alternatively, CAS may be a marker for underlying risk factors, which themselves influence cognition. We aimed to determine cognitive performance level and the emotional state of patients with CAS. We hypothesised that patients with high grade stenosis, bilateral stenosis, symptomatic patients and/or those with relevant risk factors would suffer impairment of their cognitive performance and emotional state.
METHODS
A total of 68 patients with CAS of ≥70% were included in a prospective exploratory study design. All patients underwent structured assessment of executive functions, language, verbal and visual memory, motor speed, anxiety and depression.
RESULTS
Significantly more patients with CAS showed cognitive impairments (executive functions, word production, verbal and visual memory, motor speed) and anxiety than expected in a normative sample. Bilateral and symptomatic stenosis was associated with slower processing speed. Cognitive performance and anxiety level were not influenced by the side and the degree of stenosis or the presence of collaterals. Factors associated with less cognitive impairment included higher education level, female gender, ambidexterity and treated hypercholesterolemia.
CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive impairment and increased level of anxiety are frequent in patients with carotid stenosis. The lack of a correlation between cognitive functioning and degree of stenosis or the presence of collaterals, challenges the view that CAS per se leads to cognitive impairment
Complete pain relief after bevacizumab in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 2
No full textComplete pain relief after bevacizumab in a patient with neurofibromatosis type
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