33 research outputs found
Determinants of overweight and obesity among Adolescent Students in Butajira Town Schools, Gurage zone, Southern Ethiopia.
No full textBackground: The global rise of adolescent overweight and obesity is bringing a new challenge to the
public health sector by shaping the upcoming generation for the worst. It is also known to cause
disruptive quality of social life by inducing teasing, bullying, social isolation and stigmatization among
children which contribute to the mental wellbeing of growing adolescent. Identifying context specific
determinants of overweight and obesity is critical undertaking to formulate preventive programs.
Objectives: To identify determinants of over-weight and obesity among school adolescent.
Methods: School based un-matched case control study design was employed from March 1-30, 2019,
in Butajira town, Gurage zone, South Ethiopia. A total of 297 (ratio of 2 controls:1 case) adolescent
students were selected from Butajira town schools using simple random sampling technique after cases
and controls identified by survey. Through sociodemographic, dietary practice, physical activity and
nutritional knowledge related factors data were collected. Bivariable logistic regression analyses were
employed to identify associated variables and multi-variable logistic regression analysis was employed
to identify independent predictors of overweight/obesity. All statistical tests were considered
significant at p-value<0.05.
Results: A total of 297 adolescents were involved in this study with a response rate of 100%. The odds
adolescents from high wealth quantile were 5.8 times more for overweight and obesity as compared to
adolescents from low wealth quantile [AOR = 5.8 (95% CI: 2.66,12.5)]. Likewise, the likelihood of
adolescents being physically inactive were 4.4 times more for overweight and obesity as compared to
adolescents from physically active AOR=4.4(95% CI: 1.68,11.6). Regarding to sedentary behavior,
the likelihood of adolescents who spent free time by watching television/movies for 3 and above hours
per day were 8.6 times more for overweight and obesity as compared to adolescents from their
counterparts [AOR=8.6(4.3,17)]. Moreover, the odds of adolescents who had poor knowledge in
nutrition were 3.4 times more for overweight and obesity as compared to adolescents who had good
knowledge in nutrition [AOR=3.4(1.7,6.9)].
Conclusion: High socioeconomic status, consumption of soft drink, physical inactivity and sedentary
behavior were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Parents and adolescents need to set
aside time for healthy meals, physical activity and limit television viewing for their children’s and also
Reduce consumption of high energy dense foods and Increase consumption fruit and vegetable
Effect of school feeding program on body mass index of primary school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study
No full textBackgroundGovernments and developmental organizations are encouraged to devote adequate resources to the establishment of free school meals to low-income children in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the school feeding program (SFP) is implemented in a few regions including the capital, Addis Ababa. However, the nutritional benefit of the program was not monitored and reported thus far. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the SFP on the body mass index (BMI) of primary school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia.MethodA prospective cohort study was employed to collect data from 644 SFP-beneficiary adolescents (n = 322) and non-SFP (n = 322). Nutritional outcomes were measured following 6 months of follow-up. WHO Anthroplus were used to convert anthropometric data into body-mass-index-for-age Z scores. The independent effect of school feeding is analyzed through a multivariable linear regression model.ResultIn linear regression, unadjusted model (Model 1), compared with the non-school-fed adolescents, the mean difference in difference of BAZ-score of school-fed adolescent was higher by 0.36 (β 0.36, 95% CI 0.17, 0.55). The beta coefficient remained positive after adjusted for age and sex (Model 2: β 0.35, 95% CI 0.16, 0.54) and sociodemographic variable (Model 3: β 0.35, 95% CI 0.16, 0.54). In the final model, adjusted for model four, lifestyle and health status there was a significant difference in favor of school-fed adolescents on BAZ-score indices (Model 4: β 0.4, 95% CI 0.18–0.62). On the contrary, for a unit increase in family size, the BAZ score will decrease by 0.06 (β 0.06, 95% CI −0.12–−0.01). Similarly, adolescents with a middle tertile wealth index decreased their BAZ score by 0.30 (β 0.30, 95% CI −0.55–−0.05) as compared to the higher tertile wealth index.ConclusionSchool feeding was positively associated with a change in BAZ score whereas family size and middle tertile wealth index were negatively associated. This implies that school feeding can serve as an optimal strategy for addressing the nutrition needs of adolescents
Smaller babies at risk: birth weight impacts neonatal survival status in Silte zone, Central Ethiopia. A survival analysis of prospective cohort study
No full textIntroductionGlobally, 2.4 million neonates died in their first month of life in 2019 with approximately 6,700 neonatal deaths every day. Ethiopia is 4th among the top 10 countries with the highest number of neonatal deaths. Yet, there are few prospective studies on neonatal mortality in the central region of Ethiopia. Hence, to develop evidence-based, locally tailored intervention strategies, it is necessary to evaluate neonatal survival status and mortality predictors, including birth weight. Therefore, the current study aims to assess survival status and factors predicting the survival of neonates in the Silt’e zone, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based prospective cohort study design was employed from 1 May to 30 July 2022. Data were collected from term neonates who were enrolled according to their order of health facility visit and then followed by data collectors in their homes. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14.1. Neonatal survival was presented using the Kaplan–Meier survival curve. The crude and adjusted associations were evaluated using the Cox proportional-hazards model, presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.ResultIn total, 1,080 term neonates were followed for a total of 27,643.6 neonatal days. The study showed a 95% cumulative probability of surviving the neonatal period. The incidence rate of neonatal death was 2.02 per 1,000 neonatal days. Maternal history of neonatal death [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 4.03; 95% CI: 2.28–9.52], complication during pregnancy (AHR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.12–8.25), female sex (AHR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25–0.84), birth weight (AHR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11–0.63), and a low or intermediate APGAR score at 1 min (AHR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.23–7.82 and AHR = 5.34; 95% CI: 1.63–17.51, respectively) were independent predictors of neonatal death.ConclusionIt has been noted that neonatal mortality in this area is higher than results from national studies and other study areas and thus requires strict attention and interventions targeting both the pre and postnatal periods. Babies with low birth weight were found to struggle to survive the neonatal period. Promoting maternal nutrition for normal birth weight of the newborn would thereby improve neonatal survival, and should be followed as a strategy
Dietary self-care and associated factors among diabetic patients in Jimma University Medical Centre, South West Ethiopia; A path analysis
No full textBACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder that caused about 4.2 million deaths and at least 760 billion dollars’ expenditure in 2019, has been targeted for action by leaders of WHO member countries. In Ethiopia deaths, due to DM reached 34,262 in 2013. Studies show effective lifestyle interventions; particularly medical nutrition therapy reduces HbA1c by 0.5 to 2%. However, practicing recommended diet is reported to be difficult. Not only Knowledge and practice but also perception studies are therefore necessary to design future health programs. OBJECTIVE: To assess diabetic self-care, dietary practice and associated factors among diabetes patients. METHOD: Institution-basedbased cross-sectional study design was employed from february15-May15, 2020 in Jimma university medical Centre (JUMC). Systematic sampling of every other patient (K = 2.7) was employed to interview 371 participants. A previously validated tool was used to collect data through a face-to-face interview. A path analysis was used to fit the structural model and tests the hypothesized Health Belief Model (HBM) relationships. RESULT: Response rate was 95.4% (354). Around 52% of the participants were male and 76.8% follow diabetic education at least some times. 42.4% and 48% of respondents have good dietary and general self-care practices respectively. With unstandardized coefficient (standard error) self-efficacy0.10 (0.01) being the strongest cues to action0.10 (0.02), perceived threat0.02 (0.01), and perceived barrier-0.08(0.01) constructs of HBM have a significant effect on dietary practice. Knowledge, social support and diabetes distress exert a significant indirect effect on dietary practice through health belief constructs with unstandardized path coefficient (standard error) of 0.22(0.03), 0.02(0.01), and -0.03(0.004) respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, the proportion of good practice is found to be lower for both dietary as well as general self-care. HBM can best fit to explain variability in dietary self-care practice; therefore, future interventions should be designed to address the vast perception and psychosocial factors influencing dietary self-care practices
Self-healing Coal fly ash Construction Brick for CO2 and Dust Adsorption
No full textAs a common byproduct of thermal power plants, coal fly ash (CFA) is often dumped in landfills, where it can cause environmental damage. As a result, in this work, porous construction bricks were made utilizing a byproduct of a thermal power plant, coal fly ash, and baking yeast to absorb carbon dioxide and dust. Yeast was utilized for pore formation, CFA detoxifying, and crack repair. The physical properties of prepared porous bricks are characterized using .X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy (CM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) According to the XRD analysis, the brick is made up of quartz, hematite, and mullite. The Porous Brick absorbed 36% of water and 2.5% of dust. The porous fly ash brick has demonstrated superior strength (17.5MPa) and load bearing capacity as compared to traditional bricks in compressive testing. For analysis of the fly ash bricks' ability to absorb carbon dioxide, a gas chromatograph equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID) was utilized. A high adsorption capability of 94.69 percent of CO2 was found for the produced geopolymer bricks. The yeast involvement promote and facilitates the self-healing ability of the coal flay ash brick (CFB)
Impact of weekly iron-folic acid supplementation on nutritional status and parasitic reinfection among school-age children and adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackgroundTwo significant etiological factors contributing to iron deficiency anemia, and undernutrition posing substantial public health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa, are soil-transmitted helminths and malaria. This study carried out the effect of weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (WIFAS) on the nutrition and general health of school-age children and adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted.MethodsTo find pertinent publications for this study, a thorough search was carried out on May 20, 2023, across five databases: Pubmed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. In addition, a search was conducted on August 23, 2023, to capture any new records. The inclusion criteria for the studies were based on school-age children and adolescent populations, randomized controlled trials, and investigations into the effects of WIFAS. The outcomes of interest were measured through anthropometric changes, malaria, and helminthic reinfection.ResultsA systematic review of 11 articles revealed that WIFAS significantly decreased the risk of schistosomiasis reinfection by 21% among adolescents (risk ratio = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.66, 0.97; heterogeneity I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.02). However, no significant impact was observed on the risk of malaria reinfection (risk ratio = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.13; heterogeneity I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.67) or A. Lumbricoides reinfection (risk ratio = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.75, 1.19; heterogeneity I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.65). Moreover, the analysis demonstrated that there is no significant effect of iron-folic acid supplementation in measured height and height for age Z-score (HAZ) of the school-age children (Hedge's g −0.05, 95%CI: −0.3, 0.2; test for heterogeneity I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.7) and (Hedge's g 0.12, 95%CI: −0.13, 0.37; test for heterogeneity I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.36) respectively.ConclusionThe effectiveness of WIFAS in reducing the risk of schistosomiasis reinfection in adolescents has been demonstrated to be greater than that of a placebo or no intervention. Additionally, the narrative synthesis of iron-folic acid supplementation has emerged as a potential public health intervention for promoting weight change. However, there was no significant association between WIFAS and Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Moreover, the certainty of the evidence for the effects of WIFAS on height and malaria is low and therefore inconclusive. Whereas, the certainty of the evidence for the effectiveness of WIFAS on Schistosomiasis is moderate. Even though the mechanisms need further research WIFAS may be implemented as part of a comprehensive public health strategy to address schistosomiasis in adolescents.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023397898, PROSPERO (CRD42023397898)
Distribution of dietary-related factors of overweight and/or obesity among school adolescents in Butajira Town, southern Ethiopia, 2019.
No full textDistribution of dietary-related factors of overweight and/or obesity among school adolescents in Butajira Town, southern Ethiopia, 2019.</p
Self-healing Coal fly ash Construction Brick for CO2 and Dust Adsorption
No full textAs a common byproduct of thermal power plants, coal fly ash (CFA) is often dumped in landfills, where it can cause environmental damage. As a result, in this work, porous construction bricks were made utilizing a byproduct of a thermal power plant, coal fly ash, and baking yeast to absorb carbon dioxide and dust. Yeast was utilized for pore formation, CFA detoxifying, and crack repair. The physical properties of prepared porous bricks are characterized using .X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy (CM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) According to the XRD analysis, the brick is made up of quartz, hematite, and mullite. The Porous Brick absorbed 36% of water and 2.5% of dust. The porous fly ash brick has demonstrated superior strength (17.5MPa) and load bearing capacity as compared to traditional bricks in compressive testing. For analysis of the fly ash bricks' ability to absorb carbon dioxide, a gas chromatograph equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (FID) was utilized. A high adsorption capability of 94.69 percent of CO2 was found for the produced geopolymer bricks. The yeast involvement promote and facilitates the self healing ability of the coal flay ash brick (CFB)
